This is a timeline of the Göktürks from the origins of the Turkic Khaganate to the end of the Second Turkic Khaganate.
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
439 | 500 families of Xiongnu tribes known as the Ashina residing around modern Turpan are subjugated by the Rouran Khaganate, who resettle them in the Altai Mountains [1] |
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
534 | Bumin of the Ashina becomes chieftain of the Turks, who migrate further east to the Yellow River [1] | |
545 | The Turks establish an alliance with the Western Wei [1] | |
546 | Bumin of the Turks quells a Tiele revolt for the Rouran Khaganate and asks for a Rouran princess for his service but is denied, after which he declares independence [2] | |
551 | Bumin declares himself Khagan and supreme ruler of the Turks [1] | |
Bumin Qaghan marries Princess Changle of the Western Wei [2] | ||
552 | Bumin Qaghan defeats Anagui of the Rouran Khaganate and Anagui commits suicide; Bumin declares himself Illig Khagan of the Turkic Khaganate after conquering Otuken; Bumin dies soon after and his son Issik Qaghan succeeds him [2] [3] | |
553 | Issik Qaghan continues attacking the Rouran Khaganate and dies; his brother Muqan Qaghan succeeds him [2] | |
554 | Muqan Qaghan defeats the Rouran Khaganate [2] | |
557 | Battle of Bukhara : Istämi (brother of Bumin) of the western Turkic Khaganate makes an alliance with the Sasanian Empire; they attack the Hephthalites [4] | |
563 | Istämi of the Turkic Khaganate defeats the Hephthalite Empire in battle [1] | |
568 | Envoys reach the Byzantine Empire asking for them to hand over the Avars, slaves of the Turkic Khaganate [5] | |
572 | Muqan Qaghan dies and is succeeded by his brother Taspar Qaghan [6] | |
580 | Taspar Qaghan marries Princess Qianjin of Northern Zhou [6] | |
581 | Göktürk civil war : Taspar Qaghan dies and his designated heir Apa Qaghan, son of Muqan Qaghan, goes to war with Ishbara Qaghan, son of Issik Qaghan; Amrak, son of Taspar Qaghan, renounces his claim to the throne [7] | |
582 | Ishbara Qaghan conducts raids on China [8] | |
583 | Göktürk civil war : Apa Qaghan is defeated by Ishbara Qaghan and flees to Tardu, son of Istämi, of the Western Turkic Khaganate [7] | |
584 | Göktürk civil war : Tardu of the Western Turkic Khaganate defeats Ishbara Qaghan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate [9] | |
585 | Ishbara Qaghan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate is defeated by the Sui dynasty [10] | |
587 | Ishbara Qaghan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate dies and is succeeded by his brother Bagha Qaghan, who captures Apa Qaghan [7] [11] | |
588 | First Perso-Turkic War : Bagha Qaghan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate invades Herat but is defeated and dies from a stray arrow; he is succeeded by Tulan Qaghan, son of Ishbara Qaghan [12] [1] | |
597 | Tulan Qaghan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate attacks Yami Qaghan, son of Bagha Qaghan, and forces him to flee to the Sui dynasty [13] | |
599 | Tulan Qaghan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate is killed by his subordinates and is succeeded by Yami Qaghan, son of Bagha Qaghan, while Tardu of the Western Turkic Khaganate declares himself ruler of all Turks [14] | |
Tardu of the Western Turkic Khaganate attacks the Sui dynasty [15] |
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
702 | Qapaghan Qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate conducts raids against the Tang dynasty [46] | |
706 | Qapaghan Qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate conducts raids against the Tang dynasty [46] | |
707 | Qapaghan Qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate conducts raids against the Tang dynasty [48] | |
711 | Battle of Bolchu : Qapaghan Qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate defeats the Turgesh [49] | |
713 | Qapaghan Qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate sends an army to aid Soghd against the Umayyad Caliphate but is defeated and retreats the following year [50] | |
716 | 22 July | Qapaghan Qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate is killed in an ambush and Bilge Khagan, son of Ilterish Qaghan, succeeds him. [44] |
Tonyukuk memorial erected near Orkhon river. [51] | ||
720 | Bilge Khagan of the Second Turkic Khaganate invades the Tang dynasty and extracts tribute [44] | |
731 | 27 February | Death of Kul Tigin. [52] |
734 | 25 November | Bilge Khagan of the Second Turkic Khaganate is assassinated and his son Yollıg Khagan succeeds him only to die in the same year; he is replaced by his brother Tengri Qaghan under the care of his mother Po Beg [44] |
741 | Tengri Qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate is murdered by Pan Kültiğin, one of his shads (governor), who is then defeated by the Basmyl, and Kutluk Yabgu Khagan, son of Ilterish Qaghan succeeds him [53] | |
742 | The Basmyl, Uyghurs, and Karluks revolt against the Second Turkic Khaganate and Kutluk Yabgu Khagan is killed; Özmiş Khagan, son of Pan Kültiğin, succeeds him [54] | |
744 | The Uyghurs dismantle the Second Turkic Khaganate, establishing the Uyghur Khaganate; Özmiş Khagan is killed [53] |
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