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- Around the year 300 CE, 11 or 13-year-old Faith of Agen reportedly [1] [2] refused the publican's order to serve the idols. Her hagiographies tell she performed miracles but was executed according to Roman law for her Christianity.
- Ca. 11th century, the anonymous oldest known work in a Catalan dialect of Old Occitan relates her martyrdom. [2]
Circa – frequently abbreviated c., ca., or ca, and less frequently circ. or cca. – signifies "approximately" in several European languages and as a loanword in English, usually in reference to a date. Circa is widely used in historical writing when the dates of events are not accurately known.
In science and mathematics, an open problem or an open question is a known problem which can be accurately stated, and which is assumed to have an objective and verifiable solution, but which has not yet been solved.
The Cançóde Santa Fe, a hagiographical poem about Saint Faith, is an early surviving written work in Old Occitan and has been proposed to be the earliest work in Old Catalan. It is 593 octosyllabic lines long, divided into between 45 and 55 monorhyming laisses. It was written between 1054 and 1076, during the reign of Ramon Berenguer I, Count of Barcelona, by an anonymous poet.
- 1212, 12-year-old Stephen of Cloyes preached, assembled followers and led them on the Kingdom of France's roads. [3] [4]
- Ca. 1490, Anne, heiress of the Duchy of Brittany (born 1477), chose a husband when she was aged 12 or 13. [5]
- Since at least the time of the Ancien Régime, young people were able and allowed to enlist in the army.[ citation needed ]
- Ca. 1523, at the age of 8, Petrus Ramus (born 1515), descendant of an impoverished refugee from Liège, freely left his home in Cuts, Vermandois for Paris, driven by a desire to learn. Aged 12, he enrolled at the College of Navarre. [6]
- 1537, aged 16 and provided with a large dowry, princess Madeleine of Valois married to become Queen of Scotland. She celebrated for months, but died the same year. [7] [8]
- January 1643, [9] 13-year-old Armand Jean de Vignerot du Plessis, heir and great-nephew of late Cardinal Richelieu, took the oath of office of the Crown dignity of General of the Galleys , [10] [11] a rank equivalent to Admiral of the Navy. [12] [13]
- February 1764, Maria Anna Mozart, 13, and her brother Wolfgang Amadeus, 8, were granted 50 louis d'or and a gold snuff box from the royal purse while on their grand tour in Paris. [14]
Common Era or Current Era (CE) is one of the notation systems for the world's most widely used calendar era. BCE is the era before CE. BCE and CE are alternatives to the Dionysian BC and AD system respectively. The Dionysian era distinguishes eras using AD and BC. Since the two notation systems are numerically equivalent, "2019 CE" corresponds to "AD 2019" and "400 BCE" corresponds to "400 BC". Both notations refer to the Gregorian calendar. The year-numbering system utilized by the Gregorian calendar is used throughout the world today, and is an international standard for civil calendars.
The commune of Agen is the prefecture of the Lot-et-Garonne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. It lies on the river Garonne 135 kilometres southeast of Bordeaux.
In the practice of religion, a cult image is a human-made object that is venerated or worshipped for the deity, spirit or daemon that it embodies or represents. In several traditions, including the ancient religions of Egypt, Greece and Rome, and modern Hinduism, cult images in a temple may undergo a daily routine of being washed, dressed, and having food left for them. Processions outside the temple on special feast days are often a feature. Religious images cover a wider range of all types of images made with a religious purpose, subject, or connection. In many contexts "cult image" specifically means the most important image in a temple, kept in an inner space, as opposed to what may be many other images decorating the temple.
- The French Revolution, the République , the SI and the 1804 Napoleonic Code (Code civil des Français) enforce the principles stated in the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. One motto, " Liberté, égalité, fraternité ", gradually became the official motto of the French state between 1848 [15] [16] and 1946. [17] [18]
- August 1870, 15-year-old Arthur Rimbaud from Charleville was locked up for vagrancy. [19] Aged 16, he traveled and slept at the place of his married 27-year-old poet boyfriend Paul Verlaine.
- 1882, compulsory secular instruction was introduced for all between the age of 6 and 13. [20] Article 4 delegates enforcement to the father.
- 1977, petition against age of consent laws.
- On 5 March 2018, Marlène Schiappa, the minister of equality, proposed to set an age of consent for sex, at 15. The future law will set the age below which a person cannot agree to any sexual intercourse at 15. [21] A person below that age will be considered a victim of sexual assault or rape, even if that person calls itself "consenting". [22]
- From 25 May 2018 on, people under 15 or 16 need parental consent to access social networking services, [23] [24] and companies cannot collect the personal data from people under 13. [25] [26]
The French Revolution was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France and its colonies beginning in 1789. The Revolution overthrew the monarchy, established a republic, catalyzed violent periods of political turmoil, and finally culminated in a dictatorship under Napoleon who brought many of its principles to areas he conquered in Western Europe and beyond. Inspired by liberal and radical ideas, the Revolution profoundly altered the course of modern history, triggering the global decline of absolute monarchies while replacing them with republics and liberal democracies. Through the Revolutionary Wars, it unleashed a wave of global conflicts that extended from the Caribbean to the Middle East. Historians widely regard the Revolution as one of the most important events in human history.
In the history of France, the First Republic, officially the French Republic, was founded on 22 September 1792 during the French Revolution. The First Republic lasted until the declaration of the First Empire in 1804 under Napoleon, although the form of the government changed several times. This period was characterized by the fall of the monarchy, the establishment of the National Convention and the Reign of Terror, the Thermidorian Reaction and the founding of the Directory, and, finally, the creation of the Consulate and Napoleon's rise to power.
The International System of Units is the modern form of the metric system, and is the most widely used system of measurement. It comprises a coherent system of units of measurement built on seven base units, which are the ampere, kelvin, second, metre, kilogram, candela, mole, and a set of twenty prefixes to the unit names and unit symbols that may be used when specifying multiples and fractions of the units. The system also specifies names for 22 derived units, such as lumen and watt, for other common physical quantities.
