The Summer Olympic Games, also known as the Games of the Olympiad, and often referred to as the Summer Olympics, is a major international multi-sport event normally held once every four years. The inaugural Games took place in 1896 in Athens, Greece, and the most recent edition was held in 2021 in Tokyo, Japan. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) is responsible for organising the Games and for overseeing the host city's preparations. The tradition of awarding medals began in 1904; in each Olympic event, gold medals are awarded for first place, silver medals for second place, and bronze medals for third place. The Winter Olympic Games were created out of the success of the Summer Olympic Games, which are regarded as the largest and most prestigious multi-sport international event in the world.
Larisa Semyonovna Latynina is a former Soviet artistic gymnast. Between 1956 and 1964 she won 14 individual Olympic medals and four team medals. She holds the record for the most Olympic gold medals by a gymnast, male or female, with 9. Her total of 18 Olympic medals was a record for 48 years. She held the record for individual event medals, winning 14 over 52 years. She is credited with helping to establish the Soviet Union as a dominant force in gymnastics.
Polina Ghrighorievna Astakhova was a Soviet and Ukrainian artistic gymnast. She won ten medals at the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics.
Volodymyr Stepanovych Holubnychy was a Soviet and Ukrainian race walker, who competed for the Soviet Union. He dominated the 20 kilometre race walk in the 1960s and 1970s, winning four Olympic medals from 1960 to 1972 and finishing seventh in 1976. He became Olympic champion in 1960 and 1968. He is regarded as one of the greatest race walkers of all time and competed at the Olympics on five occasions in 1960, 1964, 1968, 1972 and 1976.
Fyodor Vasilevich Shutkov was a Russian sailor who competed for the Soviet Union in the Summer Olympics of 1952, 1956, 1960, 1964, and 1968.
Folke Ivar Reinhold Bohlin was a Swedish sailor who competed in the 1948 and 1956 Summer Olympics.
Galina Nikolayevna Prozumenshchikova was a Soviet breaststroke swimmer who also competed in medley relays. She won five Olympic medals in 1964, 1968 and 1972 and five European Championships medals in 1966 and 1970. Her first Olympic medal, the gold in 200 m breaststroke in 1964, was the first Olympic gold in swimming for the Soviet Union. From 1964 to 1966, she set five world records: four in 200 m and one in 100 m breaststroke events. Between 1963 and 1972, she won 15 national titles and set 27 national records.
Igor Aleksandrovich Rudakov is a Russian coxswain who competed for the Soviet Union in the 1960, 1964, 1968, and in the 1972 Summer Olympics.
Anatoly Fomich Sass is a Russian rower who competed for the Soviet Union in the 1964 Summer Olympics and in the 1968 Summer Olympics.
Aleksandr Georgievich Martyshkin was a Russian rower who competed for the Soviet Union in the 1968 Summer Olympics and in the 1972 Summer Olympics.
Yuriy Evgenevich Lorentsson was a Russian rowing coxswain. He was the second rower, after Briton Jack Beresford, to compete at five Olympics. In 1960 he was the coxswain of the Soviet boat which was eliminated in the repechage of the eight event. Four years later he finished fifth with the Soviet boat in the eight competition. At the 1968 Games in Mexico City he won the bronze medal as cox of the Soviet boat in the eights event. In 1972 he coxed the Soviet boat which finished fifth in the coxed pair competition. His last Olympic appearance was in Montreal at the 1976 Olympics when he won the silver medal as part of the Soviet boat in the coxed pairs event.
Yevgeniya Nikolaevna Sidorova was a Soviet alpine skier who competed for the Soviet Union in the 1956 Winter Olympics, in the 1960 Winter Olympics, and in the 1964 Winter Olympics.
Peter Berger is a German rower who competed for West Germany in the 1968 Summer Olympics and in the 1972 Summer Olympics.
Vladimir Nikolaevich Eshinov is a Russian rower who competed for the Soviet Union in the 1972 Summer Olympics and in the 1976 Summer Olympics.
Nikolay Petrovich Ivanov was a Leningrad-born Russian rower who competed for the Soviet Union in the 1972 Summer Olympics and in the 1976 Summer Olympics. In 1972 he was a crew member of the Soviet boat which finished fifth in the coxed pairs event. Four years later he won the gold with the Soviet boat in the coxed fours competition.
Aleksandr Viktorovich Lukyanov is a Russian coxswain who competed for the Soviet Union in the 1976 Summer Olympics, in the 1980 Summer Olympics, and in the 1988 Summer Olympics and for Russia in the 1996 Summer Olympics and in the 2000 Summer Olympics.
Viktor Nikitovich Lisitsky is a retired Russian gymnast. He competed in all artistic gymnastics events at the 1964 and 1968 Summer Olympics and won five silver medals, three individual in 1964 and two with the Soviet team, in 1964 and 1968.
Sune Evert Carlsson is a Swedish Olympic sailor in the Star class and boatbuilder. He competed in the 1960 Summer Olympics, where he finished 10th in the Star class together with Per-Olof Carlsson and won a silver medal at the 1977 Star World Championships together with Leif Carlsson.
Valentin Alekseyevich Zamotaykin was a sailor from the Soviet Union. Zamotaykin represented his country at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Enoshima. Zamotaykin took 13th place in the 5.5 Metre with Konstantin Aleksandrov (sailor) as helmsman and Konstantin Melgunov as fellow crew member. His second Olympic appearance was during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Kiel. Zamotaykin took 7th place in the Soling with Timir Pinegin as helmsman and Rais Galimov as fellow crew member. In 1976 Zamotaykin returned to the Olympics. This time with helmsmen Boris Budnikov and fellow crew member Nikolay Poliakov Zamotaykin took 4th place in Kingston again in the Soling.
Soviet Union 
