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The Kingdom of Armenia, also the Kingdom of Greater Armenia, or simply Greater Armenia, sometimes referred to as the Armenian Empire, was a monarchy in the Ancient Near East which existed from 321 BC to 428 AD. Its history is divided into successive reigns by three royal dynasties: Orontid, Artaxiad and Arsacid (52–428).
The Arsacid dynasty or Arshakuni, ruled the Kingdom of Armenia from 12 to 428. The dynasty was a branch of the Arsacid dynasty of Parthia. Arsacid kings reigned intermittently throughout the chaotic years following the fall of the Artaxiad dynasty until 62 when Tiridates I secured Parthian Arsacid rule in Armenia. However, he did not succeed in establishing his line on the throne, and various Arsacid members of different lineages ruled until the accession of Vologases II, who succeeded in establishing his own line on the Armenian throne, which would rule the country until it was abolished by the Sasanian Empire in 428.
The Artaxiad dynasty or Ardaxiad dynasty ruled the Kingdom of Armenia from 189 BC until their overthrow by the Romans in AD 12. Their realm included Greater Armenia, Sophene and intermittently Lesser Armenia and parts of Mesopotamia. Their main enemies were the Romans, the Seleucids and the Parthians, against whom the Armenians had to conduct multiple wars.
Tigranes I of Armenia was a Artaxiad King of Armenia at the end of 2nd and the beginning of 1st century BC. Few records have survived about his and his predecessor Artavasdes I's reign, which has led to some confusion. Some modern scholars have doubted that such a king reigned at all. Contrary to them other researchers, such as Manandian, Lang and Adalian consider him a real figure but differ or are uncertain on the exact dates of his reign. Although it has been proposed that Tigranes I reigned from 123 BC to 96 BC, this view has been criticized. Another suggestion is that Tigranes I ruled in 120 BC - 95 BC and this has been recently corroborated by historian Christian Marek.
Khosrov III the Small was a Prince who served as a Roman Client King of Arsacid Armenia.
Arshak II, also known as Arsaces II and Arsak II was a prince who was a Roman client king of Arsacid Armenia from 350 until 368.
Arshak III, also known as Arsaces III, Arsak III and Arshak III-Vagharshak, was a prince who served as a Roman client king of Arsacid Armenia from 378 until 387. Arshak III is often known as the last serving Roman client king of Armenia. During his reign, the part of Armenia that Arshak III governed was under Roman rule from the Peace of Acilisene.
Saint Husik I, often known as Husik was a Catholicos of Armenia's Holy Apostolic Church who lived in the fourth century. He was the fourth in line of then of the Parthian Catholicoi immediately after Gregory the Illuminator, St. Aristaces I and St. Vrtanes I.
Vramshapuh, whose name is also spelt as Vramshapouh, Vramšapuh, Vrhamshapuh, Vram-Shapouh, Bahram Shapur and Bahram-Shahpur served as a Sasanian client king of Arsacid Armenia from 389 until 414, when he died.
Artaxias IV or Artashir IV who is also known as Artaxias, Artashes, Artashes IV, Artashir, Ardases, Ardasir and Artases was a prince who served as a Sassanid client king of eastern Armenia from 422 until 428. Artaxias IV was the last Arsacid king of Armenia and the last person to hold the crown of the ancient Armenian Kingdom.
Anak the Parthian, also known as Anak Pahlavi, was a Parthian noble who lived during the time of Arsacid Armenia.
Tiridates was a Prince from the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia.
Gnel also known as Gnelus was a Prince from the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia.
Tirit also known as Tirid was a Prince from the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia.
Pharantzem, also known as P’arhanjem; Parantzem; Pharandsem; Paranjem and Parandzem of Siwnik’ (Siunik) was a Queen of Armenia by marriage to Arsaces II. She was regent of Armenia during the absence of her spouse and son in 368–370, and is famous for her defense of the fortress of Artogerassa against Persia.
Anob was an Armenian Prince from the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia who lived in the 4th century.
Khosrov IV, was a Prince who served as a Sassanid King of Arsacid Armenia, which flourished during the second half of the 4th century & first half of the 5th century, from 387 until 389.
Tigranes was an Armenian Prince of the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia who lived in the second half of the 4th century and possibly first half of the 5th century.
Martiros or alternatively Mardiros was son of Saint Sarkis the Warrior and a canonized saint just like his father and is more known as Saint Mardiros
Artashat ; Hellenized as Artaxata and Artaxiasata, was a large commercial city and the capital of ancient Armenia during the reign of king Artaxias I; the founder of the Artaxiad Dynasty of the ancient Kingdom of Armenia. The name of the city is derived from Iranian languages and means the "joy of Arta". Founded by King Artaxias I in 176 BC, Artaxata served as the capital of the Kingdom of Armenia from 185 BC until 120 AD, and was known as the "Vostan Hayots".
References
- 1 2 Chahin, The Kingdom of Armenia: A History, p.221
- ↑ "The Armenian Church - The Eastern Diocese of the Armenian Church of America - The Saints: St. Sarkis the Warrior and His Son, St. Mardiros" . Retrieved Sep 4, 2019.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "ARMENIA AND IRAN ii. The pre-Islamic period – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved Sep 4, 2019.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Kurkjian, A History of Armenia, p.102
- ↑ Hovannisian, The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century, p.48
- ↑ Terian, Patriotism And Piety In Armenian Christianity: The Early Panegyrics On Saint Gregory, p.18
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kurkjian, A History of Armenia, p.103
- 1 2 3 Movses Khorenatsi’ History of Armenia, 5th Century, Book III, Chapter 13
- ↑ Kurkjian, A History of Armenia, p.262
- ↑ Dodgeon, The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars (AD 226-363), p.325
- ↑ Movses Khorenatsi’ History of Armenia, 5th Century, Book III, Chapter 13