Tirupati district

Tirupati district
District
Clockwise from top:Sri Venkateswara Temple, Sri Kalahasteeshwara Temple, Tirupati Airport
Location of Tirupati district in Andhra Pradesh
Coordinates: 13°37′55″N79°25′23″E / 13.632°N 79.423°E / 13.632; 79.423
Country	India
State	Andhra Pradesh
Region	Rayalaseema
Formed	4 April 2022
Founded by	Government of Andhra Pradesh
Headquarters	Tirupati
Administrative Divisions	4 revenue divisions 34 mandals 1107 villages
Government
•  District collector	K. Venkata Ramana Reddy, IAS
•  SP	P. Parameshwar Reddy, IPS
•  Lok Sabha constituencies	Tirupati Lok Sabha list Tirupati
•  Assembly	Assembly list Chandragiri Gudur Sathyavedu Srikalahasti Sullurpeta Tirupati Venkatagiri
Area [1]
• Total	8,231 km2 (3,178 sq mi)
Population  (2011) [2] [3]
• Total	2,196,984
• Density	270/km2 (690/sq mi)
Languages
• Official	Telugu
• Minority	Tamil
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
Postal Index Number	517XXX, 524XXX
Website	tirupati.ap.gov.in

Tirupati district ( pronunciation ^ⓘ ) is one of the eight districts of Rayalaseema region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The district headquarters is located at Tirupati city. This district is known for its numerous historic temples, including the Hindu shrine of Tirumala Venkateswara Temple and Sri Kalahasteeswara temple. The district is also home to Satish Dhawan Space Centre (formerly Sriharikota Range), a rocket launch centre located in Sriharikota. The river Swarnamukhi flows through Tirupati, Srikalahasti and joins the Bay of Bengal.

The district is an educational hub and has central and state universities and institutes including IIT Tirupati, Sri Venkateswara University, National Sanskrit University, IISER Tirupati. The district is home to Sri City, one of the leading special economic zone (SEZ) in India.

Etymology

The district derived its name from its main city, Tirupati. In Tamil translation, tiru means sacred or Lakshmi and pati means abode or husband. ^{[4] [5] [6]}

History

Main article: Chittoor district § History

On 26 January 2022, Balaji district was proposed to be formed from parts of Chittoor, Nellore districts as one of the twenty-six districts. ^[7] Based on the feedback from public, the name was later changed to Tirupati district. The new district came into existence on 4 April 2022 with Gudur, Sullurupeta revenue divisions from Nellore district and Tirupati revenue division from Chittoor district. Srikalahasti revenue division was newly created. ^{[8] [9] [10]}

Geography

Tirupati district is located between the northern latitudes of 13°21′54″ and 14°30′40″ and between the eastern longitudes 79°5′42″ and 80°4′10″. It is bordered by SPSR Nellore district to the north, Chittoor and Annamayya districts to the west , Chittoor and Tiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu to the south and Bay of Bengal to the east. ^[11]

The river Swarnamukhi flows through Tirupati, Srikalahasti and joins with the Bay of Bengal. The major part of Pulicat Lake is in this district.

Demographics

Religions in Tirupati district based on 2011 census data [12]
Religion			Percent
Hinduism			93.75%
Islam			5.18%
Christianity			0.72%
Other or not stated			0.35%

Based on the 2011 census data, Tirupati district had a population of 21,96,984, of which 850,056 (38.69%) lived in urban areas. Tirupati district had a sex ratio of 1000 females per 1000 males. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 5,19,388 (23.64%) and 1,70,779 (7.77%) of the population respectively. ^{[2] : 92–96  [3] : 82–87} 93.75% of the population follow Hinduism, with a small minority follows Islam and Christianity.

Languages of Tirupati district based on 2011 Census data ^[13]

   Telugu (78.00%)

   Tamil (16.50%)

   Urdu (3.64%)

  Others (1.86%)

78.00% of the population spoke Telugu, 16.50% Tamil and 3.64% Urdu as their first language. ^[13]

Politics

The district is part of two parliamentary constituencies and seven assembly constituencies. The parliamentary constituency are Tirupati (Lok Sabha constituency) and Chittoor(partial). The assembly constituencies are given below. ^[14]

Constituency number	Name	Reserved for (SC/ST/None)	Parliamentary constituency
167	Tirupati	None	Tirupati
121	Sullurpeta	SC
122	Venkatagiri	None
120	Guduru	SC
168	Srikalahasti	None
169	Satyavedu	SC
166	Chandragiri	None	Chittoor

Administrative divisions

Satellite view of Tirupati district

The district is divided into 4 revenue divisions: Gudur, Srikalahasti, Sullurupeta and Tirupati, which are further subdivided into a total of 34 mandals, each headed by a sub-collector. ^[1]

Mandals

The list of 34 mandals in Tirupati district, divided into 4 revenue divisions, is given below. ^[15]

1. Gudur revenue division
   1. Balayapalli
   2. Chillakur
   3. Chittamur
   4. Dakkili
   5. Gudur
   6. Kota
   7. Vakadu
   8. Venkatagiri
2. Srikalahasti revenue division
   1. K. V. B. Puram
   2. Nagalapuram
   3. Narayanavanam
   4. Pichatur
   5. Renigunta
   6. Srikalahasti
   7. Thottambedu
   8. Yerpedu
3. Sullurupeta revenue division
   1. Buchinaidu Kandriga
   2. Doravarisatram
   3. Naidupeta
   4. Ozili
   5. Pellakur
   6. Satyavedu
   7. Sullurpeta
   8. Tada
   9. Varadaiahpalem
4. Tirupati revenue division
   1. Chandragiri
   2. Chinnagottigallu
   3. Pakala
   4. Puttur
   5. Ramachandrapuram
   6. Tirupati Rural
   7. Tirupati Urban
   8. Vadamalapeta
   9. Yerravaripalem

Cities and towns

The district has one municipal corporation at Tirupati city, and six municipalities at Srikalahasti, Gudur, Naidupeta, Sullurpeta, Puttur and Venkatagiri. This district also has many census towns, 822 gram panchayats and 1107 villages. ^[1]

Municipal bodies in Tirupati district

S.No.	Name	Civic status	Revenue division	Population (2011 census)
1	Tirupati	Municipal Corporation	Tirupati	2,95,323
2	Srikalahasti	Municipality Grade - 1	Srikalahasti	80,056
3	Gudur	Municipality Grade - 1	Gudur	74,047
4	Puttur	Municipality Grade - 3	Tirupati	54,092
5	Venkatagiri	Municipality Grade - 3	Gudur	52,688
6	Sullurupeta	Municipality Grade - 3	Sullurupeta	45,782
7	Naidupeta	Municipality Grade - 3	Sullurupeta	45,055

Economy

STPI, Tirupati with a 10,000 sq.ft. facility for incubation was started in the year 2002. ^[16] Sri City, a SEZ was started in the year 2008.

50,000-100,000 devotees visit The Sri Venkateswara Temple at Tirumala everyday, contributing to the tourism driven economy of the district. ^[17]

Transport

Roadways

NH 16, NH 71, NH 140, NH 716 and NH 565 pass through the district. Six lane express way connecting Tirupati and Bangalore via Chittoor is operational. ^[18]

Railways

Tirupati main railway station

Tirupati railway station is among the busiest railway stations of India. It is on the Renigunta-Katpadi railway line. Renigunta junction,Sullurupeta railway station, Gudur junction and Pakala junction are major railway stations.

Airways

Tirupati Airport View

Tirupati Airport, the second-largest airport in Andhra Pradesh, is located 15 km (9.3 mi) from the Tirupati city centre and has daily flights to several domestic destinations. Tirupati Airport is upgraded to an international airport. The new international terminal was inaugurated on 22 October 2015, but as of March 2023 ^[update] is not operational. ^[19] The nearest operational international airport is Chennai International Airport which is 130 km (81 mi) from Tirupati.

Waterways

Dugarajapatnam Port is a proposed port in the district. ^[20]

Education

Sri Venkateswara University, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, National Sanskrit University,Sri Venkateswara Vedic University, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) and Krea University are some of the universities in the district.

Several eminent institutes of excellence such as Government Institute of Ceramic Technology, National Institute of Ocean Technology, IIT Tirupati, IISER Tirupati, Indian Culinary Institute, Tirupati, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS), Sri Venkateswara Institute of Cancer Care and Advanced Research Tata Trusts - SVICCAR Hospital, Institute of Financial Management and Research and Indian Institute of Information Technology, Sri City are present in the district.

The National Atmospheric Research Laboratory of the Department of Space is at village Gadanki in Pakala mandal. The lab is involved in carrying out fundamental and applied research in Atmospheric and Space Sciences. ^[21]

Tourist attractions

Tirupati, Tirumala and Srikalahasti have famous Hindu temples. Tiruamala, at a distance of 22 km from Tirupati, is abode of Venkateswara Swamy temple attracting 50000-100000 visitors. Pulicat Lake, a salt water lake spread over 500 Sq.Km, and Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary, famous for Spot-billed pelican, at a distance of 80 Km from Tirupati are popular environmental tourist attractions. Chandragiri Fort an 11th century fort, Satish Dhawan Space Centre, a space launch center are other places of interest.

• 
  Raja Palace, Chandragiri Fort
• 
  Pulicat Lake
• 
  View of Srikalahasti from Kanappa Hill, Srikalahasti
• 
  Liftoff from Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota
• 
  view of Gudimallam linga,a 19th century replica from the temple located in yerpedu mandal

Notable people

N. Chandrababu Naidu born in Naravaripalle and N. Janardhana Reddy born in Vakadu served as chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh. Roja Selvamani born in Tirupati is a famous film actor turned politician. Madhurantakam Rajaram Sahitya Akademi Award winner was born in Damalacheruvu. Raj Reddy, Computer Scientist and winner of Turing Award was born in Katur village of Buchinaidu kandriga mandal.

References

1. "Tirupati District: At a glance". tirupati.ap.gov.in. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
2. "District Census Hand Book – Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore" (PDF). Census of India . Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
3. "District Census Hand Book – Chittoor" (PDF). Census of India . Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
4. Oppert, Gustav Salomon (8 June 2017). On the Original Inhabitants of Bharatavarsa or India. BoD – Books on Demand. ISBN   9789925082193.
5. "Full text of "On the original inhabitants of Bharatavarsa or India"". archive.org. 1893. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
6. "Index of /NASD/4a7f1db4-5792-415c-be79-266f41eef20a/upgrade-archive-06-14-2007/data/upload-allbooks/disk 3/Jan N/ENGLISH/The_Dravidians_/TXT". tera-3.ul.cs.cmu.edu. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
7. Raghavendra, V. (26 January 2022). "With creation of 13 new districts, AP now has 26 districts". The Hindu . ISSN   0971-751X. Archived from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
8. "New districts to come into force on April 4". The Hindu . 30 March 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
9. Rangarajan, A. d (3 April 2022). "Andhra Pradesh: Govt. agrees to name new district 'Tirupati'". The Hindu. ISSN   0971-751X . Retrieved 7 April 2022.
10. "కొత్త జిల్లా తాజా స్వరూపం". Eenadu.net (in Telugu). 31 March 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
11. "District profile" . Retrieved 21 April 2023.
12. "Population by Religion - Andhra Pradesh". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
13. "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Andhra Pradesh". Census of India . Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
14. "District-wise Assembly-Constituencies". ceoandhra.nic.in.
15. Sasidhar, B. M. (4 April 2022). "Chittoor, Tirupati, Annamayya districts formed as part of rejig". www.thehansindia.com. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
16. "About STPI Tirupati". STPI. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
17. "Sri Venkateshwara Swamy Temple". AP Tourism. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
18. "List of National Highways passing through A.P. State". Roads and Buildings Department. Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
19. "Tirupati International Airport inauguration on Vijaya Dasami". The hindu. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
20. "Decks cleared for Dugarajapatnam port". The Times of India.
21. "about us". NARL. Retrieved 22 April 2023.

External links

• Mandals of Tirupati district - Overpass turbo OSM interactive map
• Railways in Tirupati district - Overpass turbo OSM interactive map