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Politics in North Macedonia occur within the framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. The Economist Intelligence Unit rated North Macedonia a "flawed democracy" in 2022.
Yugoslavia was a country in Southeast and Central Europe which existed from 1918 to 1992.
Kiro Gligorov was a Macedonian politician who served as the first President of the Republic of Macedonia from 1991 to 1999. He was born and raised in Štip, where he was also educated. He continued his education in Skopje and Belgrade, where he graduated in law. After World War II, he served in various important positions in Yugoslavia. Gligorov later played a pivotal role in Macedonia's peaceful secession from Yugoslavia and its international recognition. In 1995, he survived an assassination attempt, which has remained unresolved. For his role in its independence and political development, he has been regarded as the father of the Macedonian state.
Branko Crvenkovski is a Macedonian politician who served as the 3rd President of Macedonia from 2004 to 2009. He previously served as Prime Minister of Macedonia from 1992 to 1998 and from 2002 to 2004.
The Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization – Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity is a political party in North Macedonia and one of the two major parties in the country, the other being the Social Democratic Union of Macedonia.
The Social Democratic Union of Macedonia is a social-democratic political party, and the main centre-left party in North Macedonia.
Zhelyu Mitev Zhelev was a Bulgarian politician and former dissident who served as the first democratically elected and non-Communist President of Bulgaria, from 1990 to 1997. Zhelev was one of the most prominent figures of the 1989 Bulgarian Revolution, which ended the 35 year rule of President Todor Zhivkov. A member of the Union of Democratic Forces, he was elected as President by the 7th Grand National Assembly. Two years later, he won Bulgaria's first direct presidential elections. He lost his party's nomination for his 1996 reelection campaign after losing a tough primary race to Petar Stoyanov.
The Liberal Party of Macedonia is a conservative-liberal political party in North Macedonia. The party was a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party but is no longer a member. It is currently led by Ivon Velickovski.
The League of Communists of Yugoslavia, known until 1952 as the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, was the founding and ruling party of SFR Yugoslavia. It was formed in 1919 as the main communist opposition party in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and after its initial successes in the elections, it was proscribed by the royal government and was at times harshly and violently suppressed. It remained an illegal underground group until World War II when, after the invasion of Yugoslavia in 1941, the military arm of the party, the Yugoslav Partisans, became embroiled in a bloody civil war and defeated the Axis powers and their local auxiliaries. After the liberation from foreign occupation in 1945, the party consolidated its power and established a one-party state, which existed until 1990, two years prior to the breakup of Yugoslavia.
The Socialist Republic of Macedonia, or SR Macedonia, commonly referred to as Socialist Macedonia, Yugoslav Macedonia or simply Macedonia, was one of the six constituent republics of the post-World War II Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and a nation state of the Macedonians. After the transition of the political system to parliamentary democracy in 1990, the Republic changed its official name to Republic of Macedonia in 1991, and with the beginning of the breakup of Yugoslavia, it declared itself an independent country and held a referendum on 8 September 1991 on which a sovereign and independent state of Macedonia, with a right to enter into any alliance with sovereign states of Yugoslavia was approved.
The president of the Republic of North Macedonia is the head of state of North Macedonia.
North Macedonia elects on the national level a head of state—the president—and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people. The Assembly of the Republic of North Macedonia (Sobranie) has 120-123 members, elected for a four-year term, by proportional representation. North Macedonia has a multi-party system, with numerous parties in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments.
Lazar Koliševski was a Macedonian Yugoslav communist political leader in the Socialist Republic of Macedonia and briefly in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. He was closely allied with Josip Broz Tito.
The League of Communists of Macedonia was the Macedonian branch of the ruling League of Communists of Yugoslavia during the period 1943 – 1990. It was formed on the base of the Regional Committee of Communists in Macedonia under the name Communist Party of Macedonia during the antifascist National Liberation War of Macedonia in World War II. It retained that name until April 1952.
The New Social Democratic Party is a centre-left, social-democratic political party in North Macedonia. Its leader is Tito Petkovski, who parted with the Social Democratic Union of Macedonia in November 2005. In the 2006 parliamentary elections, it received 6% of the vote. In the 2016 parliamentary elections, it participated in an electoral coalition with SDSM and 15 other parties. The coalition won 436,981 votes and 49/120 MPs in Macedonian assembly.
Stojan Andov is a Macedonian politician, a founding member of the Liberal Party of Macedonia and a former president of Parliament from 1993 to 1997.
The Socialist Republic of Serbia, previously known as the People's Republic of Serbia, was one of the six constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in what is now the modern day states of Serbia and the disputed territory of Kosovo. Its formation was initiated in 1941, and achieved in 1944–1946, when it was established as a federated republic within Yugoslavia. In that form, it lasted until the constitutional reforms from 1990 to 1992, when it was reconstituted, as the Republic of Serbia within the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. It was the largest constituent republic of Yugoslavia, in terms of population and territory. Its capital, Belgrade, was also the federal capital of Yugoslavia.
General elections were held in the Republic of Macedonia in April 2014 to elect the President and members of parliament. The first round of the presidential elections were held on 13 April, with incumbent president Gjorge Ivanov finishing first with 53% of the vote. However, as he did not receive the support of 50% of all registered voters, a second round was held on 27 April, alongside parliamentary elections, with Ivanov and the ruling coalition led by VMRO-DPMNE claiming victory as Ivanov was elected president and the VMRO-DPMNE won 61 of the 123 seats in the Assembly.
The president was the leader of the League of Communists of Macedonia (SKM), the ruling party of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia (SRM) in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Party rules stipulated that the SKM Central Committee elected the president. Moreover, the Central Committee was empowered to remove the president. The president served ex officio as a member of the Presidency of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (LCY) and of the SRM Presidency. To be eligible to serve, the president had to be a member of the Presidency of the SKM Central Committee. The 8th SKM Congress instituted a two-year term limits for officeholders.
Talat Xhaferi or Talat Džaferi is a Macedonian politician and the current President of the Assembly of the Republic of North Macedonia since 2017. He was also Minister of Defense from 2013 to 2014.
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