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Birmingham is a city in the north central region of the U.S. state of Alabama. With an estimated 2018 population of 209,880, it is the most populous city in Alabama. Birmingham is the seat of Jefferson County, Alabama's most populous and fifth largest county. As of 2018, the Birmingham-Hoover Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 1,151,801, making it the most populous in Alabama and 49th-most populous in the United States. Birmingham serves as an important regional hub and is associated with the Deep South, Piedmont, and Appalachian regions of the nation.
Bessemer is a city southwest of Birmingham in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. The population was 27,456 at the 2010 Census. It is within the Birmingham-Hoover, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area, of which Jefferson County is the center. It developed rapidly as an industrial city in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In 2019 it was named Alabama's "Worst City to Live in" by 24/7 Wall Street.
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Tuscaloosa is a city in and the seat of Tuscaloosa County in west central Alabama. Located on the Black Warrior River at the Atlantic Seaboard fall line of the Piedmont, it is the fifth-largest city in Alabama, with an estimated population of 100,287 in 2017. The city was originally known as Tuskaloosa until the early 20th century.
Condoleezza "Condi" Rice is an American political scientist, diplomat, civil servant, and professor. She served as the 66th United States Secretary of State, the second person to hold that office in the administration of President George W. Bush. Rice was the first female African-American Secretary of State, as well as the second African-American Secretary of State, and the second female Secretary of State. Rice was President Bush's National Security Advisor during his first term, making her the first woman to serve in that position.
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Environmental racism is a concept in the environmental justice movement, which developed throughout the 1970s and 1980s in the United States. The term is used to describe environmental injustice that occurs in practice and in policy within a racialized context. In a national context, environmental racism criticizes inequalities between urban and exurban areas after white flight. Charges of environmental racism can also prompt usages of civil rights legislation like the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to prosecute environmental crimes in the areas in which racialized people live. Internationally, environmental racism can refer to the effects of the global waste trade, like the negative health impact of the export of electronic waste to China from developed countries.
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Thomas Massengale Battle Jr. is an American businessman and politician who serves as the 67th and current mayor of Huntsville, Alabama. His first term began November 3, 2008, and he was re-elected in August, 2012 and once again in August, 2016 with over 80% of the vote.
Birmingham International Raceway, (BIR) was a 5/8-mile oval paved racetrack located at the Alabama State Fairgrounds in the Five Points West neighborhood of Birmingham, Alabama. It was used primarily for late-model automobile racing.
The General Electric Realty Plot, often referred to locally as the GE Realty Plot, GE Plots or just The Plot, is a residential neighborhood in Schenectady, New York, United States. It is an area of approximately 90 acres (36 ha) just east of Union College.
Juana Beatriz Gutierrez is an American political activist and community organizer.
Carole Catlin Smitherman is a Jefferson County Circuit Court Judge. Smitherman served in 2009 as the 31st Mayor of Birmingham, Alabama and spent several years as a member of the City Council before resigning to assume her current judicial position.
References
- ↑ Decatur Parks and Recreation
- ↑ Condoleezza Rice, Extraordinary, Ordinary People: A Memoir of Family, Crown Archetype, 2010, p. 38; 68-69
- 1 2 Jeremy Gray, Rich history of Birmingham's Titusville celebrated, The Birmingham News , July 11, 2010
- 1 2 Not in Anyone's Backyard! The Grassroots Victory over Browning-Ferris Industries, video, 26 min. (Greenpeace, 1994)
- ↑ Rel: City of Birmingham v. Horn, Supreme Court of Alabama, Special Term, 2001
- 1 2 Laura Westra, "The Faces of Environmental Racism: Titusville, Alabama, and BFI," in Faces of Environmental Racism: Confronting Issues of Global Justice, 2d ed., ed. Laura Westra and Bill E. Lawson (Lanham, Md., 2001) ISBN 0-7425-1248-7.
- ↑ "Birmingham, Jeffco to buy Trinity plant property," Birmingham News, September 27, 2005
