Tobe Hooper

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Tobe Hooper
Massacre a la tronconneuse 40eme anniversaire Grand Rex 23 septembre 2014 - 25 (cropped).jpg
Hooper in 2014
Born
Willard Tobe Hooper [1]

(1943-01-25)January 25, 1943
Austin, Texas, U.S.
DiedAugust 26, 2017(2017-08-26) (aged 74)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Occupation(s)Director, screenwriter, producer
Years active1964–2017
Notable work The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974)
Poltergeist (1982)
Spouse(s)Maev Margaret Noonan
(m. 1961; div. c. 1971)
Carin Berger
​
​
(m. 1983;div. 1990)​

Rita Marie Bartlett
​
​
(m. 2008;div. 2010)​
Children1

Willard Tobe Hooper [2] ( /ˈtoʊbi/ ; [3] January 25, 1943 – August 26, 2017) was an American director, screenwriter, and producer best known for his work in the horror genre. The British Film Institute cited Hooper as one of the most influential horror filmmakers of all time. [4]

Contents

Born in Austin, Texas, Hooper's feature film debut was the independent Eggshells (1969), which he co-wrote with Kim Henkel. The two reunited to co-write The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974), which Hooper also directed. The film went on to become a classic of the genre, and was described in 2010 by The Guardian as "one of the most influential films ever made." [5] Hooper subsequently directed the horror film Eaten Alive (1977), followed by the 1979 miniseries Salem's Lot , an adaptation of the novel by Stephen King. Following this, Hooper signed on to direct The Funhouse (1981), a major studio slasher film distributed by Universal Pictures. The following year, he directed the supernatural thriller Poltergeist , written and produced by Steven Spielberg.

In the mid-1980s, Hooper directed two science fiction horror films: Lifeforce (1985) and Invaders from Mars (1986), followed by The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 (1986), a big-budget sequel to his original film. The 1990s saw Hooper directing various horror and sci-fi projects, including Spontaneous Combustion (1990), which he also co-wrote; the television anthology film Body Bags (1993); and The Mangler (1995), another adaptation of a Stephen King story.

Hooper directed several projects throughout the 2000s, including the monster film Crocodile (2000), an episode of the sci-fi miniseries Taken (2002), and two episodes of Masters of Horror (2005–2006).

Early life

Hooper was born January 25, 1943, in Austin, Texas, to Lois Belle (née Crosby) and Norman William Ray Hooper, who owned a theater in San Angelo. The film The Texas Chain Saw Massacre explores hicksploitation themes related to his childhood. [6] He first became interested in filmmaking when he used his father's 8 mm camera at the age of nine. He went to college at the University of Texas, Austin. He was present at the college on August 1, 1966, when Charles Whitman opened fire on random people from the University's clock tower, nonfatally shooting a police officer that was close by Hooper.[ citation needed ]

Career

Hooper spent the 1960s as a college professor and documentary cameraman. [7] His 1965 short film The Heisters was invited to be entered in the short subject category for an Academy Award, but was not finished in time for the competition that year. His first feature film, Eggshells (1969), was made for $40,000.

Soon after, Hooper leapt to fame with The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974). He combined elements from a story he wrote about isolation and darkness with the inspiration of graphic news coverage of violence, with his belief that people were the true monsters being a key element for the film. Along with Kim Henkel, they co-wrote a screenplay that had elements based on the murders of Ed Gein and Elmer Wayne Henley while forming a company named Vortex, Inc. They produced the film alongside Jay Parsley and Richard Saenz. The low budget (roughly less than $140,000) meant that the film was shot seven days a week, having shooting times up to 16 hours a day, dealing with brutally hot temperatures, high humidity and limited special effects. [8] Hooper had to deal with the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) with the rating; he had hoped the limited amount of gore seen in the film would give it a PG, but the original print was given an X rating. After some cuts, it was given an R rating. The film was cited as one of the scariest films of all time, with film critic Roger Ebert, despite awarding it only two out of four stars, describing it as a "weird, off-the-wall achievement." [9] It was also a huge commercial success, making $30 million in the United States and Canada, while being one of the highest grossing independent films of the 1970s.

Hooper's next film was Eaten Alive (1976), co-written by Henkel and producers Alvin L. Fast and Mardi Rustam. As with Massacre, the film was inspired by serial killings, this time the murderer Joe Ball, who killed at least two people in the 1930s and whose crimes led to his nicknames of 'The Alligator Man' and 'The Butcher of Elmendorf'. The movie was filmed on sound-stages in California. Hooper provided the music alongside Wayne Bell - but walked off the production before shooting completed. [10]

Hooper had his biggest budget yet with the television mini-series of Salem's Lot (1979), filmed on a budget of $4 million for CBS while being released theatrically in some countries. It was a screening of Massacre that led producer Richard Kobritz to hire Hooper as director. He shot the film from July to August 1979, although the film differed from the source material (particularly with the violence and graphic scenes) in order to meet broadcast standards. He described it as 'very spooky - it suggests things and always has the overtone of the grave. It affects you differently than my other horror films. It's more soft-shelled...it has atmosphere which creates something you cannot escape - the reminder that our time is limited and all the accoutrements that go with it, such as the visuals.' Hooper then went on to make The Funhouse (1981) about teenagers who are stalked by a killer in a carnival fun-house.

In 1982, Hooper made Poltergeist , based on a story by Steven Spielberg. [11] Hooper was selected to direct based on his prior work by Spielberg, who co-wrote the screenplay and co-produced the film. It was Hooper who collaborated with Spielberg to make it more of a ghost story than the original science-fiction-based treatment had been, as it had originally been conceived as a sequel to Close Encounters of the Third Kind .

Cannon Films approached Hooper with the offer of a three-picture deal. He made Lifeforce (1985), Invaders from Mars (1986) and The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 (1986). [12] Hooper also began working steadily in television.

Hooper's later works included Spontaneous Combustion (1990); the television movie I'm Dangerous Tonight (1990); and Night Terrors (1993). He directed an installment of the made-for-television feature Body Bags (1993). His works also include The Mangler (1995), The Apartment Complex (1999), Crocodile (2000), Toolbox Murders (2004), and Mortuary (2005).

Hooper was asked to contribute to the series Masters of Horror ; he responded by directing "Dance of the Dead" (2005) [13] with Robert Englund in the first season, and "The Damned Thing" [14] in the second season. [15]

In 2010, writer and actor Mark Gatiss interviewed Hooper for the third episode of his BBC documentary series A History of Horror . [16]

Hooper's first novel, Midnight Movie, was published on Three Rivers Press in 2011. [17]

His supernatural thriller film Djinn premiered at the 2013 Abu Dhabi Film Festival. [18]

Personal life

Hooper was married three times. He married his first wife, Maev Margaret Noonan, in 1961. They divorced in the early 1970s, producing one son, William Tony Hooper, who was born approximately 1966. In the Fall of 1979 issue of Cinefantastique magazine, Hooper declared "I'm divorced. I was married very young and been divorced about eight years." At the time of the interview, his son was 13 and lived with him in Los Angeles. [19] [2] [6]

Hooper married again in 1983 to Carin Berger (daughter of actor William Berger), but they divorced in 1990. He later married Rita Marie Bartlett in 2008, but they divorced in 2010.

Death

Hooper died of natural causes in Sherman Oaks neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, on August 26, 2017, at the age of 74. [20] [2]

Legacy

Filmmakers who have been influenced by Hooper include Hideo Nakata, [21] Wes Craven, [22] Rob Zombie, [23] Alexandre Aja, [24] Jack Thomas Smith, [25] Kiyoshi Kurosawa [26] and Nicolas Winding Refn. [27] Ridley Scott said that his work on Alien was influenced more by Hooper's The Texas Chain Saw Massacre than any other genre film. [28]

Filmography

Film

YearTitleDirectorWriterProducerNotesRef.
1969 Eggshells YesYesNoAlso editor, cinematographer, composer [29]
1970Peter Paul and Mary: The Song Is LoveYesNoNoDocumentary film, also editor and cinematographer [30]
1974 The Texas Chain Saw Massacre YesYesYesAlso composer [29]
1976 Eaten Alive YesNoNoAlso composer [31]
1981 The Funhouse YesNoNo [32]
1982 Poltergeist YesNoNo [29]
1985 Lifeforce YesNoNo [31]
1986 Invaders from Mars YesNoNo [31]
The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 YesNoNoAlso composer and actor [31]
1990 Spontaneous Combustion YesYesNo [33]
1993 Night Terrors YesNoNo [31]
1995 The Mangler YesYesNo [33]
2000 Crocodile YesNoNo [29]
2004 Toolbox Murders YesNoNo [29]
2005 Mortuary YesNoNo [29]
2006 The Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Beginning NoNoYes
2013 Djinn YesNoNo [29]

Co-producer

Executive producer

Television

TV series

YearTitleNotesRef.
1979 Salem's Lot Miniseries [29]
1987 Amazing Stories Episode: "Miss Stardust" [34]
The Equalizer Episode: "No Place Like Home" [35]
1988 Freddy's Nightmares Episode: "No More Mr. Nice Guy" [36]
1991 Haunted Lives: True Ghost Stories Episode: "Ghosts R Us/Legend of Kate Morgan/School Spirit" [36]
Tales from the Crypt Episode: "Dead Wait" [36]
1995 Nowhere Man Episode: "Turnabout" / "Absolute Zero"' [36]
1997 Dark Skies Episode: "The Awakening" [36]
Perversions of Science Episode: "Panic" [36]
2000 The Others Episode: "Souls on Board" [36]
2002 Night Visions Episode: "Cargo" / "The Maze" [36]
Taken Episode: "Beyond the Sky" [36]
2005–2006 Masters of Horror Episodes: "Dance of the Dead" and "The Damned Thing" [36]

TV movies

YearTitleNotesRef.
1990 I'm Dangerous Tonight [36]
1993 Body Bags Co-directed with John Carpenter, and Tom Arnold, also actor [33]
1999 The Apartment Complex [37]

Music video

YearTrackArtistRef.
1983"Dancing with Myself" Billy Idol [31]

Notes

Related Research Articles

<i>The Texas Chain Saw Massacre</i> 1974 American horror slasher film directed by Tobe Hooper

The Texas Chain Saw Massacre is a 1974 American horror film produced and directed by Tobe Hooper from a story and screenplay by Hooper and Kim Henkel. It stars Marilyn Burns, Paul A. Partain, Edwin Neal, Jim Siedow and Gunnar Hansen, who respectively portray Sally Hardesty, Franklin Hardesty, the hitchhiker, the proprietor, and Leatherface. The film follows a group of friends who fall victim to a family of cannibals while on their way to visit an old homestead. The film was marketed as being based on true events to attract a wider audience and to act as a subtle commentary on the era's political climate. Although the character of Leatherface and minor story details were inspired by the crimes of murderer Ed Gein, its plot is largely fictional. It is the first film of the Texas Chainsaw Massacre franchise.

<i>The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2</i> 1986 film directed by Tobe Hooper

The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 is a 1986 American black comedy slasher film directed by Tobe Hooper, written by L. M. Kit Carson, and starring Dennis Hopper, Caroline Williams, Bill Johnson, Bill Moseley, and Jim Siedow. A sequel to Hooper's The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974), it follows Vanita "Stretch" Williams, a radio host who is victimized and abducted by Leatherface and his cannibalistic family; meanwhile, Lt. Boude "Lefty" Enright, the uncle of Sally and Franklin Hardesty—both prior victims of the family—hunts them down.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marilyn Burns</span> American actress (1949–2014)

Marilyn Burns was an American actress. Burns was known for playing Sally Hardesty in The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974), which established her as a scream queen and a catalyst of the final girl trope. She reprised the role with a cameo in Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation (1995), and played Verna Carson in Texas Chainsaw 3D (2013), the latter being her last appearance in the Texas Chainsaw Massacre franchise. In 2009, she was inducted into the Horror Hall of Fame at the Phoenix Film Festival.

Paul Alan Partain was an American actor, perhaps best known for his role in the original The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974) as the wheelchair-user Franklin Hardesty.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bill Moseley</span> American actor (born 1951)

William Moseley is an American actor, primarily known for his performances in horror films. His best-known roles include Chop Top in The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 (1986), Otis B. Driftwood in Rob Zombie's Firefly trilogy, Luigi Largo in Repo! The Genetic Opera (2008), and The Magician in Alleluia! The Devil's Carnival (2015). He had a recurring role as camp cook Possum on the HBO TV series Carnivàle (2003–05). He has also released records with guitarist Buckethead in the band Cornbugs, as well as featuring on the guitarist's solo work.

<i>The Return of the Texas Chainsaw Massacre</i> 1995 film by Kim Henkel

The Return of the Texas Chainsaw Massacre is a 1995 American slasher film written and directed by Kim Henkel, and starring Renée Zellweger, Matthew McConaughey, and Robert Jacks. The plot follows four teenagers who encounter Leatherface and his murderous family in backwoods Texas on the night of their prom. It is the fourth installment in the Texas Chainsaw Massacre series, and also features cameo appearances from Marilyn Burns, Paul A. Partain, and John Dugan, all stars of the original film. Burns, who portrays "Patient on Gurney", is credited as "Anonymous" in the film.

<i>The Texas Chainsaw Massacre</i> (2003 film) 2003 slasher film directed by Marcus Nispel

The Texas Chainsaw Massacre is a 2003 American slasher film directed by Marcus Nispel, written by Scott Kosar, and starring Jessica Biel, Jonathan Tucker, Erica Leerhsen, Mike Vogel, Eric Balfour, and R. Lee Ermey. Its plot follows a group of young adults traveling through rural Texas who encounter Leatherface and his murderous family. It is a remake of Tobe Hooper's 1974 film of the same name, and the fifth installment in The Texas Chainsaw Massacre franchise. Several crew members of the original film were involved with the project: Hooper and writer Kim Henkel served as co-producers, Daniel Pearl returned as cinematographer, and John Larroquette reprised his voice narration for the opening intertitles.

<i>Motel Hell</i> 1980 US comedy horror film by Kevin Connor

Motel Hell is a 1980 American comedy horror film directed by Kevin Connor and starring Rory Calhoun, Nancy Parsons, and Nina Axelrod. The plot follows farmer, butcher, motel manager, and meat entrepreneur Vincent Smith, who traps travelers and harvests them for his human sausages.

<i>The Funhouse</i> 1981 American slasher film by Tobe Hooper

The Funhouse is a 1981 American slasher film directed by Tobe Hooper, written by Larry Block and starring Elizabeth Berridge, Kevin Conway, William Finley, Cooper Huckabee, Miles Chapin, Largo Woodruff, Wayne Doba, and Sylvia Miles. The film's plot concerns four teenagers who become trapped in a dark ride at a local carnival in Iowa and are stalked by a mentally disabled murderous carnie.

<i>The Texas Chainsaw Massacre</i> (franchise) American horror franchise

The Texas Chainsaw Massacre is an American horror franchise created by Kim Henkel and Tobe Hooper. It consists of nine films, comics, a novel, and two video game adaptations. The franchise focuses on the cannibalistic spree killer Leatherface and his family, who terrorize unsuspecting visitors to their territories in the desolate Texas countryside, typically killing and subsequently cooking them.

<i>Eaten Alive</i> 1977 film by Tobe Hooper

Eaten Alive is a 1976 American horror film directed by Tobe Hooper, and written by Kim Henkel, Alvin L. Fast, and Mardi Rustam.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sally Hardesty</span> Fictional Character

Sally Hardesty is a fictional character in The Texas Chainsaw Massacre franchise. She made her first appearance in The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974) as a young woman investigating her grandfather's grave after local grave robberies—crossing paths with Leatherface and his cannibalistic family in the process. In this film and later in The Next Generation (1995), she was portrayed by Marilyn Burns. Olwen Fouéré was cast in the sequel Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2022). The character, renamed Erin Hardesty and played by Jessica Biel, also appeared in a remake of the original film in 2003.

Kim David Henkel is an American screenwriter, director, producer, and actor. He is best known as the co-writer of Tobe Hooper's horror film The Texas Chain Saw Massacre.

<i>Poltergeist</i> (1982 film) 1982 American supernatural horror film directed by Tobe Hooper

Poltergeist is a 1982 American supernatural horror film directed by Tobe Hooper and written by Steven Spielberg, Michael Grais and Mark Victor from a story by Spielberg. It stars JoBeth Williams, Craig T. Nelson and Beatrice Straight, and was produced by Spielberg and Frank Marshall. The film focuses on a suburban family whose home is invaded by malevolent ghosts that abduct their youngest daughter.

Daniel Pearl, A.S.C. is an American cinematographer who has worked on many feature films, over 400 music videos and more than 250 commercials. He is known for his cinematography work on various horror films, including The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974) and its 2003 remake, Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem (2007), Friday the 13th (2009), The Boy (2016) and Mom and Dad (2017).

<i>Eggshells</i> (film) 1969 American film

Eggshells is a 1969 American independent experimental film directed by Tobe Hooper in his directorial debut. Hooper, who co-wrote the film with Kim Henkel, also served as one of the film's producers. The film centers on a commune of young hippies, who slowly become aware of an otherworldly presence that resides in the basement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Leatherface</span> Main character in the Texas Chainsaw Massacre series

Leatherface is a character from The Texas Chainsaw Massacre series. He first appeared in The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974) as the mentally disabled member of a family of deranged cannibals, featuring his face masks and chainsaw. Created by Tobe Hooper and Kim Henkel, Leatherface was partially inspired by the crimes of Wisconsin murderer Ed Gein, in addition to confessions by serial killer Elmer Wayne Henley. The character has subsequently been represented in various other media, including novels, video games, and comic books; appearing in all nine films in the series.

<i>Djinn</i> (2013 film) 2013 Emirati film

Djinn is a 2013 Emirati supernatural horror film directed by Tobe Hooper and written by David Tully. It is set in the United Arab Emirates and features the djinn. The film, produced by Image Nation, is in both Arabic and English languages. The film's theatrical release has been delayed since 2011. Djinn premiered at the Abu Dhabi Film Festival on 25 October 2013.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert A. Burns</span> American art director and production designer

Robert A. Burns was an American art director and production designer who worked on many films including The Texas Chain Saw Massacre, The Hills Have Eyes, The Howling, Re-Animator, and From Beyond.

Butcher Boys is a 2012 American horror cannibal film written and produced by Kim Henkel, who co-created of 1974's The Texas Chain Saw Massacre with Tobe Hooper. The film was directed by Duane Graves and Justin Meeks. It was originally titled Boneboys.

References

  1. ↑ "Texas Birth Index, 1903-1997". Familysearch.org. Retrieved August 4, 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 Saperstein, Pat (2017-08-27). "Tobe Hooper, 'Texas Chain Saw Massacre' and 'Poltergeist' Director, Dies at 74". Variety. Retrieved 2017-08-30.
  3. ↑ "Say How?". National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped. Library of Congress. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
  4. ↑ Pinkerton, Nick (September 6, 2017). "Tobe Hooper obituary: Texan horror genius who ushered in a grisly new era". British Film Institute . Archived from the original on February 2, 2019.
  5. ↑ Heritage, Stuart (October 22, 2010). "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre: No 14 best horror film of all time". The Guardian . Archived from the original on August 7, 2018.
  6. 1 2 Gilbey, Ryan (August 28, 2017). "Tobe Hooper obituary". The Guardian . ISSN   0261-3077. Archived from the original on April 18, 2019.
  7. ↑ Mumford, Gwilym (27 August 2017). "Tobe Hooper, Texas Chainsaw Massacre director, dies at 74". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
  8. ↑ Getlen, Larry (June 13, 2019). "The 'intolerably putrid' making of 'The Texas Chain Saw Massacre'". New York Post . Archived from the original on June 18, 2019.
  9. ↑ Ebert, Roger. "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre Movie Review (1974) - Roger Ebert". Rogerebert.com. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
  10. ↑ Muir, John Kenneth (2002). Eaten Alive at a Chainsaw Massacre: The Films of Tobe Hooper. McFarland. p. 68. ISBN   9781476613352 . Retrieved 21 May 2017.
  11. ↑ Canby, Vincent (June 4, 1982). "Movie Review – Poltergeist (1982)". The New York Times .
  12. ↑ Gayne, Zach (March 18, 2014). "SXSW 2014 Interview: THE TEXAS CHAIN SAW MASSACRE Director Tobe Hooper Talks His Legacy of Unspeakable Horror". Twitch Film . Archived from the original on July 10, 2015.
  13. ↑ "Dance of the Dead". IMDb.com. 11 November 2005. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
  14. ↑ "The Damned Thing". IMDb.com. 27 October 2006. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
  15. ↑ "Masters of Horror". IMDb.com. 28 October 2005. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
  16. ↑ "A History of Horror with Mark Gatiss – Q&A with Mark Gatiss". BBC . Retrieved November 12, 2010.
  17. ↑ Bowen, Chuck (August 4, 2011). "The Formulaic Shock and Awe of Tobe Hooper's Midnight Movie". Slant Magazine .
  18. ↑ Adams, Mark (October 25, 2013). "Djinn – Reviews – Screen". Screen International .
  19. ↑ Kelley, Bill (Fall 1979). "Salem's Lot: Filming Horror for Television". Cinefantastique . Frederick S. Clarke. 9 (2): 14.
  20. ↑ Genzlinger, Neil (August 27, 2017). "Tobe Hooper, Director of 'The Texas Chain Saw Massacre,' Dies at 74". The New York Times .
  21. ↑ Bradshaw, Peter (October 30, 2008). "Ring". The Guardian .
  22. ↑ Burton, Felicity (August 7, 2015 ). "THE HILLS HAVE EYES (1977): Film Review". Scream.
  23. ↑ Eggstern, Chris (October 30, 2015). "Rob Zombie gave us his Top 10 horror movies – and there's one surprising omission". HitFix.
  24. ↑ Sélavy, Virginie (May 1, 2008). "INTERVIEW WITH XAVIER MENDIK". Electric Sheep.
  25. ↑ Wien, Gary (October 19, 2014). "Infliction: An Interview With Jack Thomas Smith". Jason L Koerner, "100 Acres of Hell". New Jersey Stage.
  26. ↑ Mahmoudian, Eléonore (October 9, 2014). "IFF Entrevues Belfort 2014 - A certain genre: Double Feature Kiyoshi Kurosawa" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  27. ↑ Foundas, Scott (Summer 2012). "Anger Management". DGA Quarterly. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
  28. ↑ Anderson, Martin (March 30, 2012). "The Russian heritage for Ridley Scott's Prometheus?" Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine . Shadowlocked.
  29. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Tobe Hooper, Texas Chainsaw Massacre director, dies at 74". The Guardian . August 27, 2017. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  30. ↑ Lewis, Anne (December 3, 1999). "No Ordinary Folk". Austin Chronicle . Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  31. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Tobe Hooper, director of Texas Chain Saw Massacre, dead at 74". CBS News. August 28, 2017. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  32. ↑ People Staff (April 27, 1981). "Picks and Pans Review: The Funhouse". People . Archived from the original on July 4, 2018.
  33. 1 2 3 Brown, Phil (August 28, 2017). "Remembering Tobe Hooper, The Texas Chainsaw Master". Cgmagonline.com. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  34. ↑ "Amazing Stories". NBC . Archived from the original on September 29, 2015.
  35. ↑ Sobczynski, Peter (August 27, 2017). "Tobe Hooper: 1943–2017". RogerEbert.com. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  36. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Tobe Hooper Filmography". Hollywood.com . Archived from the original on December 31, 2015.
  37. ↑ Rios, Taylor (August 27, 2017). "Tobe Hooper Dead: 'Texas Chain Saw Massacre' And 'Poltergeist' Director Dies At 74". Inquisitr . Archived from the original on August 28, 2017.
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