Tobias Venner (1577–1660) was an English physician and medical writer born near North Petherton. He was known for his books aimed at the general public and his promotion of thermal bathing, particularly in the city of Bath.
Tobias Venner (1577–1660) was an English physician and medical writer born near North Petherton. He was known for his books aimed at the general public and his promotion of thermal bathing, particularly in the city of Bath.
Venner completed his Bachelor of Arts and his Master of Arts degrees respectively in 1595 and 1603 at Oxford's Alban's Hall and went to establish his practice in Bridgwater. He then received in 1613 a Bachelor of Medicine and Doctor of Medicine degree at Oxford with a dispensation for non-attendance at lectures. [1] This kind of exemption was granted for various reasons, sometimes unclear, at Oxford at the turn of the 17th century. [2] After marrying Agnes Jeffrye (died 1634), with whom he had four children, he settled in Bath and by 1630 he enjoyed a rather comfortable life there: the sales of his books and his medical practice flourished, and his three sons went to study medicine at Oxford University although one died before graduating.
Tobias Venner died at Bath on 27 March 1660 at the age of 83, outliving all of his children and both wives. He was buried in Bath Abbey, where for many years a monument bore his name. [3]
From 1620 to 1660, various editions of his Via Recta ad Vitam Longam were published in quarto format in London. [3] In addition to its endorsement of thermal waters at Bath), the book gave advice on hygiene and health as well as pursuing Galen's theory of humorism. [4] Venner explains how working on six "non-naturals" factors (environment, diet, sleep, exercise, excretion, and the passions of the mind) could affect the balance of the four humours, blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile, and thus enhance one's quality of life and longevity. [3] In regards to obesity, he is credited in Via Recta with being one of the first to refer to it as a societal and individual disease in an English language publication. [5] Tobias Venner also ventures into nutrition, for example by decrying beef and various fishes as indigestible, or by praising potato as delightful and nutritious, as well as providing a recipe for mead. [6]
In A briefe and accurate treatise concerning the taking of the fume of tobacco (1621), Venner considers tobacco smoking, that was rising in popularity at that time, [7] as a means of improving digestion and offsetting the detrimental effects of cold if taken with moderation, although he recommended it should not be taken for pleasure alone nor too often. [3] [8] Indeed, he foresaw the risk for the lungs to become "unapt for motion, to the great offence of the heart, and ruine at length of the whole body." [9]
The history of medicine is both a study of medicine throughout history as well as a multidisciplinary field of study that seeks to explore and understand medical practices, both past and present, throughout human societies.
John Locke was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "father of liberalism". Considered one of the first of the British empiricists, following the tradition of Francis Bacon, Locke is equally important to social contract theory. His work greatly affected the development of epistemology and political philosophy. His writings influenced Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and many Scottish Enlightenment thinkers, as well as the American Revolutionaries. His contributions to classical republicanism and liberal theory are reflected in the United States Declaration of Independence. Internationally, Locke's political-legal principles continue to have a profound influence on the theory and practice of limited representative government and the protection of basic rights and freedoms under the rule of law.
Thomas Venner was a cooper and rebel who became the last leader of the Fifth Monarchy Men, who tried unsuccessfully to overthrow Oliver Cromwell in 1657, and subsequently led a coup in London against the newly restored government of Charles II. This event, known as "Venner's Rising", lasted four days beginning on January 6, 1661, before the Royal authorities captured the rebels. The rebel leadership suffered execution on 19 January 1661.
Materia medica is a Latin term from the history of pharmacy for the body of collected knowledge about the therapeutic properties of any substance used for healing. The term derives from the title of a work by the Ancient Greek physician Pedanius Dioscorides in the 1st century AD, De materia medica, 'On medical material'.
Meric Casaubon, son of Isaac Casaubon, was a French-English classical scholar. He was the first to translate the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius into English.
Johann Weyer or Johannes Wier was a Dutch physician, occultist and demonologist, disciple and follower of Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa.
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Sir Tobie Matthew, born in Salisbury, was an English member of parliament and courtier who converted to Roman Catholicism and became a priest. He was sent to Spain to promote the proposed Spanish Match between Charles, Prince of Wales, and the Spanish Infanta, Maria Anna of Spain, for which mission he was knighted. He left England after being accused of leading Catholics in 1641 and retired to Ghent.
Ancient Greek medicine was a compilation of theories and practices that were constantly expanding through new ideologies and trials. The Greek term for medicine was iatrike. Many components were considered in ancient Greek medicine, intertwining the spiritual with the physical. Specifically, the ancient Greeks believed health was affected by the humors, geographic location, social class, diet, trauma, beliefs, and mindset. Early on the ancient Greeks believed that illnesses were "divine punishments" and that healing was a "gift from the Gods". As trials continued wherein theories were tested against symptoms and results, the pure spiritual beliefs regarding "punishments" and "gifts" were replaced with a foundation based in the physical, i.e., cause and effect.
During its 600-year existence, the Ottoman Empire made significant advances in science and technology, in a wide range of fields including mathematics, astronomy and medicine.
Ralph Bathurst, FRS was an English theologian and physician.
Thomas Newton was an English clergyman, poet, author and translator.
Francis Mason (c.1566–1621) was an English churchman, archdeacon of Norfolk and author of Of the Consecration of the Bishops in the Church of England (1613), a defence of the Church of England and the first serious rebuttal of the Nag's Head Fable put about as denigration of Matthew Parker and Anglican orders.
Sir Robert Pye (1585–1662) was an English courtier, administrator and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1621 and 1629. He supported the Royalist cause in the English Civil War.
Edward Lapworth (1574–1636) was an English physician and Latin poet, and the first Sedleian reader at the University of Oxford.
Henry Elsynge was a British parliamentary officer in the reigns of James I and Charles I. He served as Keeper of the Records in the Tower of London jointly with Robert Bowyer from 1604 to 1612, and was named to the office of Clerk of the Parliaments in 1621.
Christopher Irvine of Bonshaw was a Scottish physician and surgeon who was the first medically qualified member of the Incorporation of Surgeons and Barbers of Edinburgh. A prolific author, he became historiographer to King Charles II and to King James II and VII.
Eli Peck Miller, best known as E. P. Miller was an American physician, hydrotherapist, vegetarian and natural hygiene advocate.
Zhang Jiebin was a Ming dynasty physician and writer. In his youth, Zhang studied medicine and served in the army as an advisor. Following a successful career as a physician, he spent his final years in his native Zhejiang.
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