Tokushima Castle | |
---|---|
徳島城 | |
Tokushima, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan | |
Coordinates | 34°4′30.69″N134°33′18.99″E / 34.0751917°N 134.5552750°E |
Type | Japanese castle |
Site information | |
Condition | Ruins |
Site history | |
Built | 1601-1602 |
Built by | Hachisuka Iemasa |
In use | 1601 to 1874 |
Demolished | 1874 |
Tokushima Castle (徳島城, Tokushima-jō) was an Edo period Japanese castle located in the city of Tokushima, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. Its ruins have been protected as a National Historic Site since 1957. [1] Its Omotegoten Gardens are designated a national Place of Scenic Beauty. [2]
Tokushima Castle is located on the 60-meter high Shiroyama hill, in the center of Tokushima city at the mouth of the Yoshino River. Its location makes it the main gateway to Shikoku from the Kinai region. During the Muromachi period, the area was dominated by the local Miyoshi clan, who also controlled Kawachi Province across the Kii Channel. In 1582, the warlord Chōsokabe Motochika of Tosa Province attempted to united the island of Shikoku under his rule, and defeated the Miyoshi. However, he was in turn defeated by the forces of Toyotomi Hideyoshi only three years later in Hideyoshi's conquest of Shikoku. As Awa Province was directly opposite Hideyoshi's stronghold of Osaka, he placed Hachisuka Iemasa, the son of one of his most trusted generals, Hachisuka Masakatsu as governor. Masakatsu had originally been from Owari Province and had been one of Hideyoshi's closest confidants since an early age, participating at Hideyoshi's side through most of his campaigns, including the capture of Sanuki and Awa provinces. However, due to his advanced age, he turned the clan chieftainship to his son Iemasa. [3]
Hachisuka Iemasa completed Tokushima Castle after about a year of construction. The site was a long and narrow ridge extending from east-to-west, with the central area over 150 meters long. As was typical for the Sengoku period, the castle originally consisted of a series of enclosures guarded by winding stone walls along the contours of the original terrain, and protected by masugata-style complex gates. Later, a three-story tenshu was added at the east edge of the hill. [4] He also laid out the design of the castle town at the foot of the castle hill. Hachisuka Iemasa attempted to keep some distance from the Toyotomi government, as he did not get along with Ishida Mitsunari. He also married his son Hachisuka Yoshishige to an adopted daughter of Tokugawa Ieyasu. For these reasons, at the time of the Battle of Sekigahara, Ishida Mitsunari forced Hachisuka Iemasa to take the tonsure and forcibly exiled him to Mount Koya and the castle was occupied by troops from the Mōri clan. Following the establishment of the Tokugawa Shogunate Tokugawa Ieyasu restored the Hachisuka clan to their domains Hachisuka Yoshishige is therefore regarded as the first daimyō of Tokushima Domain. Hachisuka Yoshishige later received awards seven times from Shogun Tokugawa Hidetada for his actions at the 1614-1615 Battle of Osaka and his territories were expanded to cover all of Awa Province, as well as 70,000 koku in Awaji Province. In 1617, he was granted the remainder of Awaji Island, bringing his total kokudaka to 257,000 koku. [3]
The castle remained the stronghold of the clan to the Meiji restoration. The Meiji government ordered the destruction of most of the castle structures in 1873, and by 1875 only one gate survived. Portions of the outer sections of the castle were sold to the public, or were used construct public facilities, such as schools and a prison. To commemorate the victory of Japan in the Russo-Japanese War in 1905 the remaining castle grounds were opened to the public as a park. The remaining one original gate of the old castle was destroyed during World War II on July 4, 1945. It was restored in 1989. [5]
Tokushima Castle was listed as one of Japan's Top 100 Castles by the Japan Castle Foundation in 2006. [6] The castle is a 15-minute walk from Tokushima Station. [3]
Ishida Mitsunari was a Japanese samurai and military commander of the late Sengoku period of Japan. He is probably best remembered as the commander of the Western army in the Battle of Sekigahara following the Azuchi–Momoyama period of the 16th century. He is also known by his court title, Jibu-no-shō (治部少輔).
Awa Province was a province of Japan in the area that is today Tokushima Prefecture on the island of Shikoku. Awa was bordered by Tosa, Sanuki, and Iyo Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Ashū (阿州). In terms of the Gokishichidō system, Awa was one of the provinces of the Nankaidō circuit. Under the Engishiki classification system, Awa was ranked as one of the 35 "superior countries" (上国) in terms of importance, and one of the "middle countries" (中国) in terms of distance from the capital. The provincial capital was located in what is now the city of Tokushima.
Uesugi Kagekatsu was a Japanese samurai daimyō during the Sengoku and Edo periods. He was the adopted son of Uesugi Kenshin and Uesugi Kagetora’s brother in law.
Shimazu Yoshihiro was the second son of Shimazu Takahisa and the young brother of Shimazu Yoshihisa. Traditionally believed to be the 17th head of the Shimazu clan, he was a skilled general during the Sengoku period who greatly contributed to the unification of Kyūshū.
The Invasion of Shikoku was a conflict of the Sengoku period of Japan fought between Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Chōsokabe Motochika on the island of Shikoku in 1585. Hideyoshi invaded Shikoku with a force of over 100,000 men in June and led a campaign against the Chōsokabe clan force of 40,000 men for control over the island. Hideyoshi's army was successful and conquered most of Shikoku within two months, and defeated Chōsokabe when he surrendered Ichinomiya Castle in August.
The Hachisuka clan are descendants of Emperor Seiwa (850-880) of Japan and are a branch of the Ashikaga clan through the Shiba clan of the Minamoto clan.
Tokushima Domain was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, controlling all of Awa Province and Awaji Province in what is now Tokushima Prefecture and Awaji Island of modern-day Hyōgo Prefecture. It was centered around Tokushima Castle, and was ruled throughout its history by the tozama daimyō Hachisuka clan.
Hachisuka Masakatsu, also known Hachisuka Koroku (蜂須賀小六), was a daimyō, retainer and adviser of Toyotomi Hideyoshi during the Azuchi–Momoyama period of Japanese history. He was the son of Hachisuka Masatoshi.
The Satomi clan was a Japanese samurai clan of the Sengoku period (1467–1573) and early Edo period (1603–1868). The clan ruled Awa Province as a Sengoku daimyō and was a major military power in the Kantō region during the wars of the Nanboku-chō period. Although confirmed as daimyō of Tateyama Domain by the Tokugawa shogunate.
The Ogasawara clan was a Japanese samurai clan descended from the Seiwa Genji. The Ogasawara acted as shugo (governors) of Shinano Province during the Sengoku period, and as daimyō of territories on Kyūshū during the Edo period (1600–1867).
Hachisuka Iemasa was a Japanese daimyō of the early Edo period. Iemasa, the son of Hachisuka Masakatsu or Koroku, was the founder of the Tokushima Domain. He was one of some daimyo who have bad terms with Ishida Mitsunari.
The Ikoma clan was a Japanese samurai clan that claimed descent from Fujiwara no Fusasaki of the "Northern House" of the Fujiwara clan. During the Sengoku period they supported the Unification of Japan as retainers of Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu. In the Edo period the clan were daimyō and a hatamoto family for the Tokugawa shogunate.
Hachisuka Yoshishige was a Japanese daimyō of the Edo period, who ruled the Tokushima Domain. His court title was Awa no kami. He married Manhime (1592–1666), daughter of Ogasawara Hidemasa and the great-granddaughter of Tokugawa Ieyasu.
Satake Yoshinobu was a daimyō in Sengoku period and early Edo period Japan under the Tokugawa shogunate and the 19th head of the Satake clan and 1st daimyō of Kubota Domain in Dewa Province. His courtesy title was Sakon-no-e-shōshō, later Ukyō-dayū and Jijū and his Court rank was Junior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade.
Ōgaki Castle is a flatlands-style Japanese castle located in the city of Ōgaki, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. During the Sengoku period, Ōgaki Castle was home to several of Toyotomi Hideyoshi's most trusted generals and relatives; during the Edo period, it was home to the Toda clan, daimyō of Ōgaki Domain, who dominated parts of the province of Mino under the Tokugawa shogunate. Other names for the castle include Bi Castle and Kyoroku Castle.
Sumoto Castle was a Muromachi to Sengoku period Japanese castle located in the Orodani neighborhood of the city of Sumoto, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. Its ruins have been protected as a National Historic Site since 1999. It was also referred to as Mikuma Castle (三熊城).
Ichinomiya Castle is a mountaintop castle in Tokushima, Japan.
Kōzōsu (孝蔵主) was a Japanese noble lady, aristocrat and retainer of the Toyotomi clan. She was the daughter of Kawazoe Katsuhige, a retainer of the Gamō clan. She was an elite female officer under Nene's command and chief secretary to Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
Lady Acha or Acha no Tsubone was a Japanese noble woman from the Sengoku period to the early Edo period. She was a concubine of Tokugawa Ieyasu, the founder of the Tokugawa shogunate. Due to her intelligence, Ieyasu entrusted her with management of the family's affairs, sending her to negotiate peace during the Siege of Osaka. Her contributions to the stabilization of the Tokugawa shogunate and service to the country were notable for the court; being enducted to the Junior First Rank of the Imperial Court the second highest honor that could be conferred by the Emperor of Japan.
The Tokushima Domain Hachisuka clan cemetery refers to two sites located in the city of Tokushima, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan, the Kōgenji cemetery (興源寺墓所) and the Mannenyama cemetery (万年山墓所) The cemeteries contains the graves of the Hachisuka clan, the daimyō of Tokushima Domain under the Edo Period Tokugawa shogunate. The cemeteries were collectively designated a National Historic Site in 2002.
Media related to Tokushima Castle at Wikimedia Commons