Tolshma River

Tolshma; Russian: Толшма
Location
Country	Russia
Physical characteristics
Mouth
⁃ location	Sukhona
Length	157 km (98 mi) [1]
Basin size	1,540 square kilometres (590 sq mi) [1]

Last updated September 30, 2019

Coordinates: 59°38′52″N42°13′23″E / 59.64778°N 42.22306°E / 59.64778; 42.22306

Geographic coordinate system Coordinate system

A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are often chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position and two or three of the numbers represent a horizontal position; alternatively, a geographic position may be expressed in a combined three-dimensional Cartesian vector. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation. To specify a location on a plane requires a map projection.

The Tolshma (Russian : Толшма) is a river in Soligalichsky District of Kostroma Oblast and Totemsky District of Vologda Oblast in Russia. It is a right tributary of the Sukhona River. The river is 157 kilometres (98 mi) long. The area of its basin is 1,540 square kilometres (590 sq mi). The principal tributary is the Yelshma River (right).

Russian is an East Slavic language, which is official in the Russian Federation, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, as well as being widely used throughout Eastern Europe, the Baltic states, the Caucasus and Central Asia. It was the de facto language of the Soviet Union until its dissolution on 25 December 1991. Although nearly three decades have passed since the breakup of the Soviet Union, Russian is used in official capacity or in public life in all the post-Soviet nation-states, as well as in Israel and Mongolia.

Soligalichsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kostroma Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 3,100 square kilometers (1,200 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Soligalich. Population: 10,265 (2010 Census); 12,304 ; 14,798 (1989 Census). The population of Soligalich accounts for 62.7% of the district's total population.

Kostroma Oblast is a federal subject of Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Kostroma and its population as of the 2010 Census is 667,562. It was formed in 1944 on the territory detached from neighboring Yaroslavl Oblast.

The basin of the Tolshma lies in the western part of the Northern Ridge chain of hills, which separates the basins of the Sukhona and the Kostroma Rivers, and thus the basins of the White and the Caspian Seas. The source of the Tolshma is located in the north of the Kostroma Oblast, northwest of the town of Soligalich. The Tolshma flows to the northwest, sharply turns to the northeast, enters Vologda Oblast, accepts the Yelshma from the right and turns northwest again. The mouth of the Tolshma is located in the selo of Krasnoye.

The Northern Ridge, Northern Uvaly, Severnyye Uvaly, is the chain of hills in the northern part of the East European Plain in Russia. The Northern Ridge divides the river basins of the Northern Dvina River (north) and the Volga River (south). The chain is located roughly in the west–east direction, between the source of the Kostroma River and the sources of the Vychegda River and the Kama River. The Northern Ridge is approximately 200 km long. Roughly, the chain is limited from the north by the valleys of the Sukhona and the Vychegda, and from the south by the course of the Volga in the west and by the course of the Kama in the east.

The Kostroma is a river in the European part of Russia. It flows through the Kostroma and Yaroslavl Oblasts, and becomes a left tributary of the Volga, which it enters at the Gorky Reservoir, at the city of Kostroma, at 57°46′44″N40°53′55″E.

The White Sea is a southern inlet of the Barents Sea located on the northwest coast of Russia. It is surrounded by Karelia to the west, the Kola Peninsula to the north, and the Kanin Peninsula to the northeast. The whole of the White Sea is under Russian sovereignty and considered to be part of the internal waters of Russia. Administratively, it is divided between Arkhangelsk and Murmansk oblasts and the Republic of Karelia.

On July 15, 1929 Tolshmensky District with the center in the selo of Krasnoye^[2] was established. On July 30, 1931 it was abolished, and its area was divided between Shuysky and Totemsky Districts. The name of the district originated from the Tolshma.^[3]

Mezhdurechensky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast and borders with Sokolsky District in the north, Totemsky District in the northeast, Soligalichsky District of Kostroma Oblast in the southeast, Gryazovetsky District in the south, and with Vologodsky District in the west. The area of the district is 3,600 square kilometers (1,400 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality of Shuyskoye. District's population: 6,112 (2010 Census); 7,641 ; 9,361 (1989 Census). The population of Shuyskoye accounts for 36.8% of the district's total population. As of 2010, Mezhdurechensky District had the lowest population among all the districts of Vologda Oblast.

The Tolshma was used for timber rafting until the 1990s.^[1]

Timber rafting is a log transportation method in which logs are tied together into rafts and drifted or pulled across a water body or down a river. It is arguably the second cheapest method of transportation of timber, next after log driving. Both methods may be referred to as timber floating.

Related Research Articles

The Northern Dvina is a river in northern Russia flowing through the Vologda Oblast and Arkhangelsk Oblast into the Dvina Bay of the White Sea. Along with the Pechora River to the east, it drains most of Northwest Russia into the Arctic Ocean. It should not be confused with Western Dvina.

The Yug is a river in Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky, Nikolsky, and Velikoustyugsky Districts of Vologda Oblast and in Podosinovsky District of Kirov Oblast in Russia. It is 574-kilometer (357 mi) long, and the area of its basin is 35,600 square kilometers (13,700 sq mi). The Yug joins the Sukhona near the town of Veliky Ustyug, forming the Northern Dvina, one of the biggest rivers of European Russia.

The Sukhona is a river in the European part of Russia, a tributary of the Northern Dvina River. The course of the Sukhona lies in Ust-Kubinsky, Sokolsky, Mezhdurechensky, Totemsky, Tarnogsky, Nyuksensky, and Velikoustyugsky Districts of Vologda Oblast in Russia. It is 558 kilometres (347 mi) long, and the area of its basin 50,300 square kilometres (19,400 sq mi). The Sukhona joins the Yug near the town of Veliky Ustyug, forming the Northern Dvina, one of the biggest rivers of European Russia.

Totma is a town and the administrative center of Totemsky District in Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Sukhona River at its confluence with the Pesya Denga, 217 kilometers (135 mi) northwest of Vologda, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 9,785 (2010 Census); 10,531 (2002 Census); 10,622 (1989 Census).

The Suda is a river in Babayevsky, Kaduysky, and Cherepovetsky Districts of Vologda Oblast in Russia. It flows into the Rybinsk Reservoir of the Volga River. It is 184 kilometres (114 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 13,500 square kilometres (5,200 sq mi) and an average discharge of 134 cubic metres per second (4,700 cu ft/s). Its main tributaries are the Shogda, the Andoga, the Kolp, the Voron and the Petukh rivers.

Babushkinsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the oblast and borders with Nyuksensky District in the north, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District in the northeast, Nikolsky District in the east, Kologrivsky and Chukhlomsky Districts of Kostroma Oblast in the south, and with Totemsky District in the west. The area of the district is 7,761 square kilometers (2,997 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality of imeni Babushkina. District's population: 12,779 (2010 Census); 14,994 ; 18,037 (1989 Census). The population of imeni Babushkina accounts for 31.6% of the district's population.

Gryazovetsky District District in Vologda Oblast, Russia

Gryazovetsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast and borders with Mezhdurechensky District in the north, Soligalichsky and Buysky Districts of Kostroma Oblast in the east, Lyubimsky and Pervomaysky Districts of Yaroslavl Oblast in the south, Poshekhonsky District, also of Yaroslavl Oblast, in the southeast, and with Vologodsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 5,030 square kilometers (1,940 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Gryazovets. Population: 36,820 (2010 Census); 41,644 ; 47,136 (1989 Census). The population of Gryazovets accounts for 42.2% of the district's total population.

Kharovsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast and borders with Vozhegodsky District in the north, Syamzhensky District in the east, Sokolsky District in the south, and with Ust-Kubinsky District in the west. The area of the district is 3,600 square kilometers (1,400 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kharovsk. Population: 16,622 (2010 Census); 20,576 ; 25,219 (1989 Census). The population of Kharovsk accounts for 60.6% of the district's total population.

Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District District in Vologda Oblast, Russia

Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast and borders with Velikoustyugsky District in the north, Podosinovsky District of Kirov Oblast in the northeast, Oparinsky District of Kirov Oblast in the southeast, Vokhomsky District of Kostroma Oblast in the south, Nikolsky and Babushkinsky Districts in the southwest, and with Nyuksensky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 7,025 square kilometers (2,712 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality of Kichmengsky Gorodok. District's population: 18,485 (2010 Census); 22,187 ; 26,170 (1989 Census). The population of Kichmengsky Gorodok accounts for 34.9% of the district's total population.

Nikolsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the oblast and borders with Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District in the north, Vokhomsky District of Kostroma Oblast in the east, Pavinsky, Pyshchugsky, Mezhevskoy, and Kologrivsky Districts of Kostroma Oblast in the south, Babushkinsky District in the southwest, and with Nyuksensky District in the west. The area of the district is 7,476 square kilometers (2,886 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Nikolsk. Population: 22,414 (2010 Census); 26,461 ; 31,437 (1989 Census). The population of Nikolsk accounts for 38.0% of the district's total population.

Nyuksensky District District in Vologda Oblast, Russia

Nyuksensky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast and borders with Ustyansky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast in the north, Velikoustyugsky District in the east, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District in the southeast, Babushkinsky District in the south, Totemsky District in the southwest, and with Tarnogsky District in the west. The area of the district is 5,167.42 square kilometers (1,995.15 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality of Nyuksenitsa. District's population: 9,777 (2010 Census); 11,714 ; 13,287 (1989 Census). The population of Nyuksenitsa accounts for 43.7% of the district's total population.

Sokolsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast and borders with Kharovsky and Syamzhensky Districts in the north, Totemsky District in the east, Mezhdurechensky District in the south, Vologodsky District in the southeast, and with Ust-Kubinsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 4,100 square kilometers (1,600 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Sokol. Population: 12,947 (2010 Census); 14,951 ; 17,585 (1989 Census).

Syamzhensky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast and borders with Vozhegodsky District in the north, Verkhovazhsky District in the northeast, Totemsky District in the east, Sokolsky District in the south, and with Kharovsky District in the west. The area of the district is 3,900 square kilometers (1,500 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality of Syamzha. District's population: 8,745 (2010 Census); 10,384 ; 12,204 (1989 Census). The population of Syamzha accounts for 45.2% of the district's total population.

Tarnogsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast and borders with Ustyansky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast in the north, Nyuksensky District in the east, Totemsky District in the south, and with Verkhovazhsky District in the west. The area of the district is 5,200 square kilometers (2,000 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality of Tarnogsky Gorodok. District's population: 12,838 (2010 Census); 15,363 ; 17,402 (1989 Census). The population of Tarnogsky Gorodok accounts for 41.8% of the district's total population.

Totemsky District District in Vologda Oblast, Russia

Totemsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast and borders with Verkhovazhsky and Tarnogsky Districts in the north, Nyuksensky District in the northeast, Babushkinsky District in the east, Chukhlomsky and Soligalichsky Districts of Kostroma Oblast in the south, Mezhdurechensky and Sokolsky Districts in the southwest, and with Syamzhensky District in the west. The area of the district is 8,200 square kilometers (3,200 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Totma. Population: 23,315 (2010 Census); 26,392 ; 27,907 (1989 Census). The population of Totma accounts for 42.0% of the district's total population.

Ust-Kubinsky District District in Vologda Oblast, Russia

Ust-Kubinsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast and borders with Vozhegodsky District in the north, Kharovsky District in the northeast, Sokolsky District in the southeast, Vologodsky District in the southwest, and with Kirillovsky District in the west. The area of the district is 2,400 square kilometers (930 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality of Ustye. District's population: 8,094 (2010 Census); 9,350 ; 11,280 (1989 Census). The population of Ustye accounts for 48.7% of the district's population.

Verkhovazhsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast and borders with Velsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast in the north, Ustyansky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast in the northeast, Tarnogsky Districts in the east, Totemsky District in the south, Syamzhensky District in the southwest, Vozhegodsky District in the west, and with Konoshsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast in the northwest. The area of the district is 4,260 square kilometers (1,640 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality of Verkhovazhye. District's population: 13,898 (2010 Census); 16,346 ; 18,560 (1989 Census). The population of Verkhovazhye accounts for 36.2% of the district's total population.

Vologodsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast and borders with Ust-Kubinsky and Sokolsky Districts in the northeast, Mezhdurechensky District in the east, Gryazovetsky District in the southeast, Poshekhonsky District of Yaroslavl Oblast in the southwest, Sheksninsky District in the west, and with Kirillovsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 4,500 square kilometers (1,700 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Vologda. Population: 50,438 (2010 Census); 50,956 ; 64,946 (1989 Census). As of 2010, Vologodsky District was the most populous among all the districts of Vologda Oblast.

Shuyskoye is a rural locality and the administrative center of Mezhdurechensky District of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Sukhona River. It also serves as the administrative center of Sukhonsky Selsoviet, one of the eight selsoviets into which the district is administratively divided. Municipally, it is the administrative center of Sukhonskoye Rural Settlement. Population: 2,250 (2010 Census); 2,436 (2002 Census); 2,531 (1989 Census).

References

1 2 3 Толшма. Great Soviet Encyclopedia.
↑ Кузнецов, А.В. (1997). Русские топонимы Тотемского края. In: Тотьма: Краеведческий альманах. Вып. 2. Старинные города Вологодской области (in Russian). Вологда: Русь. pp. 37–83. Retrieved October 8, 2011.
↑ Справка об изменениях административно-территориального устройства и сети партийных и комсомольских органов на территории Вологодской области (1917-1991) (in Russian). Архивы России. Archived from the original on 17 September 2011. Retrieved 8 October 2011.

External links

Река Толшма (in Russian). State Water Register of Russia. Retrieved 8 October 2011.

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[GSE-1] 1 2 3 Толшма. Great Soviet Encyclopedia.

[2] Кузнецов, А.В. (1997). Русские топонимы Тотемского края. In: Тотьма: Краеведческий альманах. Вып. 2. Старинные города Вологодской области (in Russian). Вологда: Русь. pp. 37–83. Retrieved October 8, 2011.

[vologda-3] Справка об изменениях административно-территориального устройства и сети партийных и комсомольских органов на территории Вологодской области (1917-1991) (in Russian). Архивы России. Archived from the original on 17 September 2011. Retrieved 8 October 2011.