Albert Pike was an American author,poet,orator,editor,lawyer,jurist and Confederate States Army general who served as an associate justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court in exile from 1864 to 1865. He had previously served as a senior officer of the Confederate States Army,commanding the District of Indian Territory in the Trans-Mississippi Theater. A prominent member of the Freemasons,Pike served as the Sovereign Grand Commander of the Supreme Council,Scottish Rite from 1859 to 1891.
The Ku Klux Klan,commonly shortened to the KKK or the Klan in recent decades,is an American white supremacist,right-wing terrorist,and hate group whose primary targets are African Americans,Hispanics,Jews,Latinos,Asian Americans,Native Americans,and Catholics,as well as immigrants,leftists,homosexuals,Muslims,atheists,and abortion providers.
Amos Tappan Akerman was an American politician who served as United States Attorney General under President Ulysses S. Grant from 1870 to 1871. A native of New Hampshire,Akerman graduated from Dartmouth College in 1842 and moved South,where he spent most of his career. He first worked as headmaster of a school in North Carolina and as a tutor in Georgia. Having become interested in law,Akerman studied and passed the bar in Georgia in 1850;where he and an associate set up a law practice. He also owned a farm and enslaved eleven people. When the American Civil War broke out in 1861,Akerman joined the Confederate Army,where he achieved the rank of colonel.
David Curtis "Steve" Stephenson was an American Ku Klux Klan leader,convicted rapist and murderer. In 1923 he was appointed Grand Dragon of the Indiana Klan and head of Klan recruiting for seven other states. Later that year,he led those groups to independence from the national KKK organization. Amassing wealth and political power in Indiana politics,he was one of the most prominent national Klan leaders. He had close relationships with numerous Indiana politicians,especially Governor Edward L. Jackson.
Scipio Africanus Jones was an American educator,lawyer,judge,philanthropist,and Republican politician from the state of Arkansas. He was most known for having guided the appeals of the twelve African-American men condemned to death after the Elaine Massacre of October 1919. More than one hundred African Americans were indicted in the aftermath of the riot,although an estimated one hundred to two hundred Black Americans were killed in the county,along with five whites. No whites were prosecuted by the state. The case was appealed to the United States Supreme Court,which in Moore v. Dempsey (1923) set a precedent of reviewing the conduct of state criminal trials against the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
The Kansas City Monarchs were the longest-running franchise in the history of baseball's Negro leagues. Operating in Kansas City,Missouri,and owned by J. L. Wilkinson,they were charter members of the Negro National League from 1920 to 1930. J. L. Wilkinson was the first Caucasian owner at the time of the establishment of the team. In 1930,the Monarchs became the first professional baseball team to use a portable lighting system which was transported from game to game in trucks to play games at night,five years before any major league team did. The Monarchs won ten league championships before integration,and triumphed in the first Negro League World Series in 1924. The Monarchs had only one season in which they did not have a winning record. The team produced more major league players than any other Negro league franchise. It was disbanded in 1965.
Kuklos Adelphon was a fraternity founded at the University of North Carolina in 1812. It was also known as old Kappa Alpha,K.A.,Kappa Alpha,Circle of Brothers and the Alpha Society. Its name derives from Ancient Greek ΚύκλοςἈδελφών,meaning "Circle of Brothers." The organization quickly expanded throughout the Southern United States,not only on college campuses but also cities where alumni settled. The society began to decline during the 1850s and disappeared altogether after the Civil War.
John Wesley Donaldson was an American baseball pitcher in Pre-Negro league and Negro league baseball. In a career that spanned over 30 years,he played for many different Negro league and semi-professional teams,including the All Nations team and the Kansas City Monarchs. Researchers so far have discovered 718 games in which Donaldson is known to have pitched. Out of those games,Donaldson had over 420 wins and 5,221 strikeouts as a baseball pitcher. According to some sources,he was the greatest pitcher of his era.
James Arnold Colescott was an American white supremacist who was Imperial Wizard of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan. Under financial pressure from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) for back taxes,he disbanded the second wave of the original Ku Klux Klan in 1944.
This is a partial list of notable historical figures in U.S. national politics who were members of the Ku Klux Klan before taking office. Membership of the Klan is secret. Political opponents sometimes allege that a person was a member of the Klan,or was supported at the polls by Klan members.
J Leslie Wilkinson was an American sports executive who founded the All Nations baseball club in 1912,and the Negro league baseball team Kansas City Monarchs in 1920.
Women of the Ku Klux Klan (WKKK),also known as Women's Ku Klux Klan,and Ladies of the Invisible Empire,held to many of the same political and social ideas of the KKK but functioned as a separate branch of the national organization with their own actions and ideas. While most women focused on the moral,civic,and educational agendas of the Klan,they also had considerable involvement in issues of race,class,ethnicity,gender,and religion. The women of the WKKK fought for educational and social reforms like other Progressive reformers but with extreme racism and intolerance. Particularly prominent in the 1920s,the WKKK existed in every state,but their strongest chapters were in Ohio,Pennsylvania,Indiana,and Arkansas. White,native-born,Protestant women over age 18 were allowed to join the Klan. Women of the Klan differed from Klansmen primarily in their political agenda to incorporate racism,nationalism,traditional morality,and religious intolerance into everyday life through mostly non-violent tactics.
Ackerman Island was a sandbar island located in the Arkansas River in downtown Wichita,Kansas,United States. It was located on the north side of the Douglas Street Bridge.
Arthur Hornbui Bell was an attorney and the Grand Dragon of the Ku Klux Klan in New Jersey.
Ku Klux Klan activities in Inglewood,California,were highlighted by the 1922 arrest and trial of 36 men,most of them masked,for a night-time raid on a suspected bootlegger and his family. The raid led to the shooting death of one of the culprits,an Inglewood police officer. A jury returned a "not guilty" verdict for all defendants who completed the trial. It was this scandal,according to the Los Angeles Times, that eventually led to the outlawing of the Klan in California. The Klan had a chapter in Inglewood as late as October 1931.
William C. Doran was an associate justice of the California Court of Appeal,Second Appellate District,Division 1,from October 14,1935,until 1958.
Samuel Crawford was an American pitcher and manager in baseball's Negro leagues.
Ku Klux Klan (KKK) nomenclature has evolved over the order's nearly 160 years of existence. The titles and designations were first laid out in the original Klan's prescripts of 1867 and 1868,then revamped with William J. Simmons's Kloran of 1916. Subsequent Klans have made various modifications.
Daniel Phillips Upham was an American politician,businessman,plantation owner,and Arkansas State Militia commander following the American Civil War. He is best known for his effective and brutal acts as the leader of a successful militia campaign from 1868–1869 against Ku Klux Klan chapters in the state. Upham organized a widespread retaliation after the Klan attempted to assassinate him on October 2,1868. KKK members were responsible for numerous attacks against Republican officeholders and freedmen. Later that year,Upham was designated a brigadier general and commanded a force that eventually numbered over 1,000 men.
The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) arrived in the U.S. state of Oregon in the early 1920s,during the history of the second Klan,and it quickly spread throughout the state,aided by a mostly white,Protestant population as well as by racist and anti-immigrant sentiments which were already embedded in the region. The Klan succeeded in electing its members in local and state governments,which allowed it to pass legislation that furthered its agenda. Ultimately,the struggles and decline of the Klan in Oregon coincided with the struggles and decline of the Klan in other states,and its activity faded in the 1930s.
