Toni von Langsdorff (30 September 1884 – 24 March 1976) [1] was a German obstetrician/gynecologist known for her work as an early woman doctor and for her role as a pioneer member of the Medical Women's International Association.
Toni von Langsdorff was born on 30 September 1884 in Prussia to a homemaker and a Prussian army officer, the eldest of four children. Though her mother supported her career as a physician, her father was less enthusiastic due to the opposition of his Prussian army colleagues. She cited her sister's experience with spinal tuberculosis, when there was frequently a doctor at the family home, as an inspiration for becoming a physician, a career she saw as a route to independence. [2] von Langsdorff began her undergraduate studies in anatomy at the University of Bonn but was discriminated against for her gender; all women students were classified as "visiting students". She transferred to Heidelberg University after a year at the University of Bonn, and was treated equally there. von Langsdorff took entrance examinations in 1908 to enter the University of Marburg due to the Prussian government's progressive policies regarding women in universities; however, she returned to Heidelberg to study medicine. Despite opposition from an ophthalmology professor who did not support women in medicine, von Langsdorff earned her MD from the University of Heidelberg in 1910. [2] [3]
Facing more opposition, von Langsdorff still found a placement in Essen as a gynecologist in 1910 and received her full medical license in 1911. She continued to practice in Essen until 1918, when she entered private practice because a surgeon in Essen refused to work with her due to her gender. For a time, she practiced with her sister. She retired in 1964, after helping to found the Medical Women's International Association. [2] [3]
Corps (or Korps; "das ~" (n), German pronunciation:[ˈkoːɐ] (sg.), (pl.)) are the oldest still-existing kind of Studentenverbindung, Germany's traditional university corporations; their roots date back to the 15th century. The oldest corps still existing today was founded in 1789. Its members are referred to as corps students (Corpsstudenten). The corps belong to the tradition of student fraternities which wear couleur and practice academic fencing.

Baron Carl von Rokitansky was an Austrian physician, pathologist, humanist philosopher and liberal politician, founder of the Viennese School of Medicine of the 19th century. Founder of science-based diagnostics.
The Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin is one of Europe's largest university hospitals, affiliated with Humboldt University and Free University Berlin. With numerous Collaborative Research Centres of the German Research Foundation it is one of Germany's most research-intensive medical institutions. From 2012 to 2023, it was ranked by Focus as the best of over 1000 hospitals in Germany. In 2019 to 2022 Newsweek ranked the Charité as the 5th best hospital in the world, and the best in Europe. More than half of all German Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine, including Emil von Behring, Robert Koch and Paul Ehrlich, have worked at the Charité. Several politicians and diplomats have been treated at the Charité, including German Chancellor Angela Merkel, who underwent meniscus treatment at the Orthopaedic Department, Yulia Tymoshenko from Ukraine, and more recently Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny, who received treatment at the hospital due to his poisoning in August 2020.

Ernst Ludwig Alfred Hegar, aka Alfred Hegar, was a German gynecologist famous for developing new medical tools and techniques. He was born on 6 January 1830 in Darmstadt, Germany and died on 5 August 1914. He was buried in Breisgau.
The University of Duisburg-Essen is a public research university in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. In the 2019 Times Higher Education World University Rankings, the university was awarded 194th place in the world. It was originally founded in 1654 and re-established on 1 January 2003, as a merger of the Gerhard Mercator University of Duisburg and the university of Essen. It is based in both the cities of Duisburg and Essen, and a part of University Alliance Metropolis Ruhr.
Heinrich Fritsch was a German gynecologist and obstetrician who was a native of Halle an der Saale.

Franziska Tiburtius was a German physician and advocate for women's education.
Emilie Lehmus was a German physician. She is known as the first female doctor in Berlin. She founded the first polyclinic for women and children in Berlin.

Gisela Januszewska was an Austrian physician. Having earned her degree in Switzerland, she briefly worked in Germany before becoming the first female physician in the ethnically Serbian town of Banja Luka in Bosnia Herzegovina within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. She received the highest decorations for her service during the First World War and social activism in Austria afterwards, but was deported to a Nazi concentration camp, where she died, during the Second World War.

Christoph Ernst Friedrich von Forcade de Biaix was a German Rittergut owner, Appellate Court Judge in Hamm, Supreme Court Judge in Berlin and Member of parliament in the German Reichstag.
Monika Petra Puskeppeleit is a German physician, public health manager and scientific researcher with special interest in medicine of remote areas, especially polar regions. She is the first German medical doctor and station leader of the first all-woman team to overwinter in Antarctica.
Paul Diepgen was a German gynecologist and historian of medicine. He was born in Aachen.
Jenny Thomann-Koller was a gynecologist, pediatrician, and Head of Internal Medicine at the Schweizerische Pflegerinnenschule mit Spital in Zurich. In her dissertation, Beitrag zur Erblichkeitsstatistik der Geisteskranken im Ct. Zürich. Vergleichung derselben mit der erblichen Belastung gesunder Menschen u. dergl., published in 1895, she introduced a control group which challenged the then-popular theory of degeneration and eugenics.
Not until the beginning of the 20th century were university studies fully accessible to women in German-speaking countries, with the exception of Switzerland. The possibility for women to have access to university education, and moreover to obtain a university degree is now part of general higher education for all.
Klara Griefahn was a Jewish medical doctor who committed suicide in 1945 to avoid deportation by the Nazis. A number of memorials to Greifahn can be found in Jena, Germany.
Elisabeth Hermine Winterhalter was a German gynecologist, surgeon, feminist and patron of the arts. She was one of the first female doctors and the first female surgeon in Germany. The painter, Ottilie Roederstein, was her long-time companion.
Josine Müller was a German medical doctor and psychoanalyst. She was born on October 10, 1884, in Hamburg and died on December 30, 1930, on a voyage to the Canary Islands.
Karoline Breitinger was a German physician who became the first female doctor in Württemberg.
Peter Voswinckel is a German physician, author and medical historian. Between 2012 and October 2021, Voswinckel was the head of the archives and the historical research of the German Society for Hematology and Medical Oncology. He is a member of the Siepmann family.