Topological entropy in physics

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The topological entanglement entropy [1] [2] [3] or topological entropy, usually denoted by γ, is a number characterizing many-body states that possess topological order.

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A non-zero topological entanglement entropy reflects the presence of long range quantum entanglements in a many-body quantum state. So the topological entanglement entropy links topological order with pattern of long range quantum entanglements.

Given a topologically ordered state, the topological entropy can be extracted from the asymptotic behavior of the Von Neumann entropy measuring the quantum entanglement between a spatial block and the rest of the system. The entanglement entropy of a simply connected region of boundary length L, within an infinite two-dimensional topologically ordered state, has the following form for large L:

${\displaystyle S_{L}\;\longrightarrow \;\alpha L-\gamma +{\mathcal {O}}(L^{-\nu })\;,\qquad \nu >0\,\!}$

is the topological entanglement entropy.

The topological entanglement entropy is equal to the logarithm of the total quantum dimension of the quasiparticle excitations of the state.

For example, the simplest fractional quantum Hall states, the Laughlin states at filling fraction 1/m, have γ = ½log(m). The Z2 fractionalized states, such as topologically ordered states of Z2 spin-liquid, quantum dimer models on non-bipartite lattices, and Kitaev's toric code state, are characterized γ = log(2).

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References

1. Hamma, Alioscia; Ionicioiu, Radu; Zanardi, Paolo (28 March 2004). "Ground state entanglement and geometric entropy in the Kitaev model". Physics Letters A. 337 (1–2). arXiv:.
2. Kitaev, Alexei; Preskill, John (24 March 2006). "Topological Entanglement Entropy". Physical Review Letters. 96 (11): 110404. arXiv:. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.96.110404. ISSN   0031-9007. PMID   16605802.
3. Levin, Michael; Wen, Xiao-Gang (24 March 2006). "Detecting Topological Order in a Ground State Wave Function". Physical Review Letters. 96 (11): 110405. arXiv:. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.96.110405. ISSN   0031-9007. PMID   16605803.