The tornado outbreak of June 16–18,2014, was a tornado outbreak concentrated in the Great Plains and the Midwestern United States. Two tornadoes also occurred in Ontario. The severe weather event most significantly affected the state of Nebraska,where twin EF4 tornadoes[5] killed two and critically injured twenty others in and around the town of Pilger on the evening of June 16. The two Pilger tornadoes were part of a violent tornado family that produced four EF4 tornadoes and was broadcast live on television.[5][6][7] The outbreak went on to produce multiple other strong tornadoes across the northern Great Plains states throughout the next two days.
All preliminary storm reports received by the SPC from June 16–18
On June13,2014,the SPC noted the possibility of severe weather associated with potential mesoscale convective systems in the northern United States for June 16–18. However,the predictability of this event was too low for the SPC to designate areas as under risk of severe weather.[8] The following day,the SPC revised their forecasts,indicating a slight risk for severe activity for areas around the confluence of the Big Sioux and Missouri rivers two days before the eventual tornado outbreak. The development of a low-pressure area and increasing atmospheric instability were expected to be contributing factors.[9] Forecasts remained relatively unchanged on June15,though the probability for "significant severe weather" was predicted for a large area of northern Iowa and adjacent areas.[10]
The morning of June16 was marked only by isolated storms in the Nebraska area with only marginal severe weather.[11] Beginning at around 0800UTC,however,favorable conditions for severe weather,particularly for large hail,began to build across central Nebraska. Moisture from the Gulf of Mexico began to make its way into southern Nebraska and over Kansas,raising dew points over the region. In addition,the prevalence of altocumulus castellanus clouds was an indicator for additional severe weather later in the day.[12][13] The flow of moisture into the region was further enhanced by an eastward progressing warm front,and at 1200UTC on June16,the SPC once again issued a slight risk for severe weather for the eastern halves of South Dakota,Nebraska,and extending eastward into the western Great Lakes region.[14] This was followed shortly after by the day's first severe thunderstorm watch,issued for primarily eastern Nebraska in response to a developing line of supercells.[15][16] An hour later,the SPC upgraded some areas previously under a slight risk for severe weather to a moderate risk as a result of continuously increasing moisture content and CAPE in the atmosphere.[17] At 1613UTC,the SPC issued the first of three public severe weather outlooks for the day,covering a region centered on Sioux City,Iowa.[18] A Particularly Dangerous Situation tornado watch was issued later that afternoon,and a powerful cyclic supercell developed in Nebraska. This supercell went on to produce a family of six tornadoes,including four EF4s that affected areas in and around Stanton,Pilger,and Wakefield,Nebraska. Two fatalities occurred in or near Pilger and much of the town was destroyed.[5] Later that evening,two tornadoes (rated EF1 and EF2) struck the town of Platteville,Wisconsin simultaneously,resulting in major damage.[19]
Before tornado activity continued on the 17th,a man died due to straight line winds in Iowa.[20] An early morning EF3 causing major damage to homes and an elementary school in Verona,Wisconsin,and an EF2 from the same storm causing damage in residential areas of Madison.[21] Later that day,an EF3 tornado caused significant damage in rural areas of Carter County,Montana near the Custer National Forest. A large EF2 tornado also caused damage to numerous homes in Angus and Barrie,Ontario.[22][23] Later that evening,multiple large wedge tornadoes were reported near the towns of Coleridge and Laurel,Nebraska.[24] One of these tornadoes caused EF3 damage to farms and trees outside of Coleridge.[25]
On the night of June 18,an EF2 tornado hit the South Dakota town of Wessington Springs,trapping some of its residents in their homes. 43 homes and 12 businesses in town were damaged or destroyed. Another pair of twin tornadoes were also reported,near the South Dakota community of Crow Lake.[26] A large multiple-vortex tornado completely destroyed a farm near the town of Alpena later that evening.[27] That tornado was rated an EF4,the fifth of the outbreak sequence.
This tornado formed just south of the previous tornado and damaged a farmstead, destroying outbuildings at that location. Trees in multiple shelter belts were heavily damaged.[47]
This was the first of two tornadoes that struck Platteville simultaneously. This one damaged 20 homes and destroyed 12 others, including a split-level home that had its top floor ripped off. Multiple businesses were also damaged, including a gas station that was destroyed. Several buildings had major roof damage and windows blown out at the University of Wisconsin-Platteville Campus, and multiple cars on the property were flipped and damaged. Metal light poles at the stadium were broken. Trees and power lines were downed, and a cemetery was damaged as well. Five people were injured, one seriously.[54]
This was the second of two tornadoes that struck Platteville simultaneously. The roof was ripped off of an apartment building and some trees were downed.[55]
Numerous trees and power poles were downed, and a large calf barn was nearly completely destroyed, killing two calves. Several pole barns were completely destroyed, and homes sustained minor roof damage. A garage was blown off of its foundation.[57]
Country View Elementary School and several homes sustained major structural damage, with other homes sustaining lesser damage. Reinforced, load-bearing masonry exterior walls were collapsed at the school. A large storage barn was swept away, with six antique cars stored inside thrown into an adjacent field and destroyed.[61][62][63]
A brief, but strong tornado touched down in a residential area of southwest Madison, downing numerous trees and power lines and damaging structures. Homes had their roofs torn off on Friar Lane.[64][61][62][65]
A tornado began at B.B. Clarke Beach just to the east of downtown Madison and affected the Marquette neighborhood. Numerous trees were snapped and uprooted, some of which landed on homes and cars. Power lines were downed, and a house and a business lost their roofs. Other homes sustained shingle damage and several sailboats were sunk. A canoe and two kayaks were thrown as well.[64][61][62]
High-profile vehicles and numerous power and light poles were blown over in town, considerable tree damage was observed, and several homes and businesses sustained roof damage.[67]
A trailer home was obliterated, with its frame twisted and tossed over one mile (1.6km) away. Nearby, an old A-frame schoolhouse was completely destroyed with only its basement left behind. Debris from this structure was thrown 100 yards (91m). Six nearby cars were found up to 200 yards (180m) away. Twenty power poles were snapped along the track, one of which was pulled out of the ground. Additionally, 20 hay bales weighing up to 1,500lb (680kg) were blown away and not recovered. The tornado continued into Custer National Forest before dissipating. This was the strongest tornado ever recorded in southeastern Montana.[68]
This tornado touched down in Angus, where many homes had their roofs torn off and one lost its second story. A van was flipped as well. Further east, a mobile home park was damaged near Essa. The tornado entered the south side of Barrie and snapped numerous trees and power poles, a few of which landed on homes. Steel shipping containers weighing up to 9,800lbs were blown more than 20 feet from where they originated before the tornado dissipated. More than 100 residences were damaged along the path, including 30 to 40 with significant damage. Hundreds of trees were downed as well.[69]
A tornado lifted a 12-by-15-metre (39 by 49ft) shed and tossed it 70 metres (230ft) into a farm home. Numerous trees were also snapped or uprooted.[70]
Numerous trees were snapped and uprooted in Verona, several homes sustained trim and shingle damage, tree branches were speared into a garage wall, fences and signs were downed, and a barn and sheds were destroyed in town. Minor tree damage occurred further east before the tornado lifted in Westmoreland.[80]
A short-lived but strong tornado struck impacted two farmsteads; on one, a majority of the roof was removed from a house and several outbuildings were completely destroyed.[84]
Trees and power poles were snapped, outbuildings were destroyed, and a house lost its roof and some exterior walls. A metal storage building was destroyed as well.[87]
One house had part of its metal roof torn off while another completely lost its roof structure. A wooden barn collapsed, a machine shed was destroyed, and a semi-tractor trailer was blown on its side. Numerous trees in a grove were topped or had large branches broken off.[91]
This violent and extremely rare tornado family was spawned by a powerful,cyclic supercell thunderstorm that affected five counties in northeastern Nebraska. Six tornadoes touched down as a result of this supercell,four of which were rated EF4.[5][77]
The first tornado,which was rated EF0,touched down briefly in an open field near Stanton,causing no damage.[5] After this tornado dissipated,another tornado touched down southwest of Stanton,initially snapping trees and power poles at EF0 to EF1 intensity as it moved northeast. As the tornado passed west of Stanton and grew into a large wedge,barns were destroyed and swept away at EF2 intensity and power poles were snapped. Two homes were leveled at high-end EF3 intensity in this area as well.[77] Farther north of town,the tornado weakened slightly to EF2 strength as a house had its roof torn off,a semi-truck was flipped,and several outbuildings were destroyed. The tornado then re-intensified dramatically near the Maskenthine Reservoir,reaching EF4 strength. Two farmhouses were swept away,and multiple trees were debarked in this area. A car and a pickup truck were lofted and thrown over a quarter mile,both of which were mangled beyond recognition.[29][77] The tornado maintained EF4 strength as it crossed N-57,sweeping away a house and a barn,and debarking additional trees. Another barn was destroyed at EF2 strength before the tornado roped out and dissipated.[77]
EF4 damage in a residential area of Pilger.Remains of a car that was thrown over a quarter-mile and rendered unrecognizable by the EF4 Stanton tornado.
After the Stanton tornado lifted,a new tornado touched down southwest of Pilger. The tornado was initially weak,damaging trees,power poles,and outbuildings. The tornado intensified as it approached town,and barns and outbuildings were leveled or swept away at EF2 intensity.[77] The tornado then became violent,striking Pilger directly at EF4 strength,killing one person,injuring many others,and damaging or destroying most structures in town. This led to Nebraska's first tornado fatality since 2004.[108] As the main Pilger tornado was approaching town,a second nearly identical tornado developed south of town and paralleled the path of the main tornado,causing minor tree and outbuilding damage. Numerous homes and businesses in Pilger were completely destroyed,with several leveled or swept away. Numerous brick buildings in the downtown area were heavily damaged or destroyed,and trees throughout the town were denuded and debarked. A granary was destroyed,multiple cars were thrown and mangled,and a school building had much of its top floor destroyed. A church was completely leveled and partially swept away as the tornado exited the town.[77] Past Pilger,the twin tornadoes continued northeast,with the main tornado debarking several trees at EF3 strength and tearing the roofs off of two homes,while the other tornado damaged several farms at EF2 strength and snapped multiple trees.[77] Both tornadoes grew in size as the damage paths shifted closer to each other. The main Pilger tornado destroyed outbuildings and snapped trees and power poles at EF2 strength,while the other tornado reached EF3 strength,snapping a metal transmission pole,destroying several barns,and inflicting EF1 damage to a house at the edge of the path. Both tornadoes then reached EF4 strength simultaneously as the paths crossed. Numerous trees were completely debarked in this area,and two farm homes were swept away with only the basements remaining. One of these two homes was hit by both tornadoes. Vehicles were lofted in this area,over 300 cattle in nearby herds were killed,and a fatality occurred as the second tornado tossed a car from a road.[31][77] After the tornadoes crossed paths,the second tornado veered to the north and destroyed an outbuilding and tore the roof and some walls from a house at EF2 strength before lifting. The main Pilger tornado continued to the northeast,snapping trees and sweeping away another home at EF4 strength. The main tornado then veered and moved almost due east,destroying two outbuildings as it roped out and dissipated.[77]
House that was swept completely away by the EF4 Wakefield tornado.
The fifth tornado spawned by this supercell touched down as the main Pilger tornado was dissipating. This large wedge tornado quickly reached EF4 strength soon after touching down,moving east as it cleanly swept away a farm home. Further east,a large metal electrical transmission truss tower was toppled at EF3 intensity. The main Pilger tornado was seen roping out and rotating around the perimeter of this new tornado as it developed. The tornado then weakened somewhat as it veered sharply to the north,destroying outbuildings and toppling power poles at EF2 intensity. Continuing due-north,the tornado maintained EF2 strength as it tore roofs off of multiple homes and destroyed numerous barns and outbuildings. The tornado then re-strengthened to EF4 intensity as it crossed 854th Rd,sweeping away several farm homes at that location and debarking multiple trees. The tornado then weakened back to EF2 strength and became rain-wrapped as it passed east of Wakefield,destroying outbuildings,snapping trees and power poles,and tearing roofs off of homes at EF1 to EF2 strength before dissipating north of town.[77][33] After the Wakefield tornado dissipated,the supercell continued to the northeast,producing a sixth and final EF0 tornado that briefly touched down in an open field near the town of Hubbard,causing no damage.[34]
Coleridge,Nebraska
Coleridge,Nebraska
A farmhouse wiped away along 567th Avenue,northeast of Coleridge.
A long-lived,slow-moving and cyclic supercell tracked across Cedar County,Nebraska during the evening hours on June 17. After the first tornado of the storm dissipated southwest of Hartington,the supercell dropped this large,multiple-vortex tornado northwest of Coleridge,heading in a southeastern direction. The first instance of significant damage inflicted by this tornado,was on 876th Road,where a barn was almost fully swept at EF2 intensity. To the southeast,a grain bin was tossed 300yd (270m) from one farmstead. Continuing east on 876th Road,the tornado inflicted its first EF3 damage indicator,where a former dehydration plant was leveled. Two semi trucks at this site were heavily damaged as well. The tornado then continued east at EF2 intensity,and began to scrape the outskirts of Coleridge to the north,with some residences on the northern side of the village having suffered EF0 to EF1 damage. The tornado then displayed erratic movement,as it seemingly stalled while heading east-southeast,before then heading south-southwest. To the northeast of Coleridge on 567th Avenue,the tornado would impact a farmhouse and completely wipe it away at EF3 intensity. Several trees and outbuildings were debarked and destroyed at EF2 intensity. The storm continued to move along the road as it headed south,passing by east of the village and occasionally impacting farmsteads,including one on 875th Road that was impacted at EF3 intensity. Several trees were also heavily debarked before the tornado then abruptly headed southeast,before making a U-turn-like path and heading northeast. The tornado continued north before dissipating north of 876th Road,northeast of Coleridge.[77][109]
This intense,and erratic tornado was the strongest of a family of tornadoes produced by the Cedar County supercell. Several farmhouses were struck by this tornado,though no casualties occurred. The storm grew to 2,059yd (1.170mi;1.883km) wide at its largest,and tracked along a deviant 8.24mi (13.26km) path. The parent supercell persisted later onto into nightfall,producing several tornadoes,including two EF2 tornadoes near Laurel and Dixon.[110][111] Coleridge saw a near direct hit with a violent F4 tornado during the evening hours of June 23,2003,over a decade ago.
During the evening hours on June 18,a supercell dropped this large and significant tornado on the southern side of Wessington Springs,in Jerauld County,South Dakota. The tornado began just south of the intersection of SD 34 and Dakota Avenue South.[112] It rapidly intensifying and shortly after caused EF2 damage to a car dealership,where the exterior walls were collapsed. After crossing Dakota Avenue South,the tornado would enter Wessington Springs proper,tearing through neighborhoods on the southeastern side. One home on Blowers Avenue South,was impacted at mid-range EF2 intensity,as most walls were collapsed except for inner rooms. Paralleling the street,the tornado caused its strongest damage to a neighboring residence,with winds upwards into high-end EF2 intensity. Considerable roof damage occurred at this home,with nearby vehicles,including an RV,severely damaged by debris. The tornado continued to impact homes and a fuel station on 1st Street Southeast at EF2 intensity,as it was entering the eastern parts of town. A house on the same road had its roof ripped away with winds of 122mph (196km/h),suggesting mid-range EF2 intensity. To the north on Main Street East,a car was thrown through the air and took down a tree,before resting on top of it and another home suffered considerable wall damage at EF2 intensity. The last significant damage indicator,was a residence on Pershing Avenue,south of the town's elementary school,which had exterior wall collapse and its roof torn off.[77][113]
After leaving Wessington Springs,the tornado traversed through empty fields,causing an unknown amount of damage to corn and soybean crops,before it dissipated northeast of the small city at 7:52p.m. CDT (12:52 UTC).[77][114]
Despite the extent of the damage,no fatalities occurred and one person was injured. An issued tornado warning likely saved countless of lives according to one source.[115] The event lasted for 22 minutes,with the tornado spanning 200yd (0.11mi;0.18km) wide,and tracking for 2.22mi (3.57km).[116]
This large,violent and shape-shifting tornado touched down southeast of Lane in eastern Jerauld County,along 231st Street. The tornado first moved northeast,before heading north and snapping the trunks of trees at EF1 intensity,while also causing notable field scouring. After crossing SD 34 at EF1 intensity,the tornado continued to the north,displaying strong multiple-vortex characteristics,as the suction vortices within the parent vortex danced and whipped around,passing by a farm,where a barn had its roof ripped off.[117] The multiple-vortex tornado continued moving north,strengthening to EF2 intensity as a grove of trees had their trunks snapped. At the same time,gravel was scoured off of the road on 227th Street. A tornado warning was issued for much of eastern Jerauld County,but also neighboring Sanborn and Beadle counties,which included Wessington Springs,Woonsocket and Alpena at 7:57p.m. CDT (12:57 UTC).[118]
A truck was smashed into a tree by the tornado.
The tornado remained strong,causing EF2 damage to trees,whilst also beginning to scour fields at a significant amount,before beginning to approach a large farmstead on 223rd Street,southwest of Alpena. Now reaching EF4 intensity,the violent tornado would enter the farm,which was owned by the Jerauld County commissioner. The entire property was completely decimated and what the county commissioner described as being "sandblasted". He and his wife,alongside their dog sought shelter in the basement of their farmhouse. The home was completely swept away by the tornado,with debris falling down into the basement the couple and their dog were taking cover. The commissioner and his wife would survive the tornado with minor injuries,though their dog was killed by falling debris.[119] Elsewhere on the farmstead,the tornado hurled and mangled machinery around,scoured fields completely clean and debarked trees at EF3 intensity. After leaving the farm,the tornado then began to shape-shift from a large stovepipe,to a more "snake" like appearance as it began to occlude to the north-northwest. Passing by west of Alpena,the tornado scoured another field completely clean at EF2 intensity,before weakening even further and crossing into Beadle County,eventually dissipating not long after its entry to the northwest of Alpena,along 220th Street.[77][120]
The tornado,which was observed by many storm chasers as a photogenic,shape-shifting twister,was the fifth tornado rated EF4 from the outbreak,and the only one to occur in South Dakota. The event lasted for 42 minutes,traveled for 11.65mi (18.75km) across Jerauld and Beadle counties,and was 880yd (0.50mi;0.80km) wide at its largest. It was the first violent tornado to occur in the state,since another happened in 2010. At least $300.000 in damages was inflicted by the tornado,primarily at the Jerauld County commissioner's farmstead,which was the most affected area in its path.[77][121] Recovery was fast,with after two months,the county commissioner installed a concrete bunker in the new residence's basement.[122]
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↑Guyer, Jared L.; Corfidi, Stephen F.; Storm Prediction Center (June 16, 2014). "Severe Weather Outlook Issued At: 757 AM CDT". Storm Prediction Center Public Severe Weather Outlook. Norman, Oklahoma: United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved June 21, 2014.
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↑Nebraska Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Omaha, Nebraska (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 13, 2015.
↑Nebraska Event Report: EF3 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Omaha, Nebraska (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 13, 2015.
↑Nebraska Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in North Platte, Nebraska (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 13, 2015.
↑New York Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Binghamton, New York (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 13, 2015.
↑Nebraska Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in North Platte, Nebraska (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 13, 2015.
↑Nebraska Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Omaha, Nebraska (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 13, 2015.
↑Nebraska Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Omaha, Nebraska (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 13, 2015.
↑Nebraska Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Omaha, Nebraska (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 13, 2015.
↑Nebraska Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Omaha, Nebraska (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 13, 2015.
↑Nebraska Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Sioux Falls, South Dakota (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 13, 2015.
↑South Dakota Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Sioux Falls, South Dakota (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 13, 2015.
↑Iowa Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Sioux Falls, South Dakota (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 13, 2015.
↑Iowa Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Sioux Falls, South Dakota (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
↑Wisconsin Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
↑South Dakota Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Aberdeen, South Dakota (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
↑South Dakota Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Aberdeen, South Dakota (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
↑South Dakota Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Aberdeen, South Dakota (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
↑South Dakota Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Aberdeen, South Dakota (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
↑South Dakota Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Aberdeen, South Dakota (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
↑South Dakota Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Aberdeen, South Dakota (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
↑South Dakota Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Sioux Falls, South Dakota (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
↑South Dakota Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Sioux Falls, South Dakota (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
↑South Dakota Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Sioux Falls, South Dakota (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
↑South Dakota Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Sioux Falls, South Dakota (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
↑South Dakota Event Report: EF4 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Sioux Falls, South Dakota (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2015. South Dakota Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Sioux Falls, South Dakota (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
↑South Dakota Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Sioux Falls, South Dakota (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
↑Pennsylvania Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 13, 2015.
↑Colorado Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Boulder, Colorado (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
↑Colorado Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Boulder, Colorado (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
↑Colorado Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Boulder, Colorado (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 13, 2015.
↑Minnesota Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Sioux Falls, South Dakota (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 13, 2015.
↑"Nebraska Event Report: EF3 Tornado". National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Omaha, Nebraska. 2014. Retrieved February 11, 2026.
↑"South Dakota Event Report: EF2 Tornado". National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. 2014. Retrieved February 11, 2026.
↑"South Dakota Event Report: EF2 Tornado". National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. 2014. Retrieved February 11, 2026.
↑"South Dakota Event Report: EF2 Tornado". National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. 2014. Retrieved February 12, 2026.
↑South Dakota Event Report: EF4 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Sioux Falls, South Dakota (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2015. South Dakota Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Sioux Falls, South Dakota (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
↑South Dakota Event Report: EF4 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Sioux Falls, South Dakota (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2015. South Dakota Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Sioux Falls, South Dakota (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
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