Trams in Rome | |||
---|---|---|---|
Overview | |||
Locale | Rome | ||
Transit type | Tram | ||
Number of lines | 6 | ||
Number of stations | 192 | ||
Operation | |||
Began operation | 1877 | ||
Operator(s) | ATAC | ||
Number of vehicles | 164 | ||
Technical | |||
System length | 36 km (22 mi) [1] | ||
Track gauge | 1,445 mm (4 ft 8+7⁄8 in) [2] | ||
Electrification | 600 V DC | ||
|
The current tram system in Rome, Italy, is a leftover from what once was the largest tram system in Italy. With its fragmented structure, it does not currently function as a backbone of the city's public transport. The system is owned and operated by Azienda Tranvie e Autobus del Comune di Roma (ATAC SpA). [2]
The key node of the tram network in Rome is Porta Maggiore, where four out of six lines meet (3, 5, 14 and 19), as well as the Rome-Giardinetti railway. This is about 1 km east of Roma Termini railway station, and not connected to the metro network.
The following lines currently run:
This short line runs through the Flaminio neighbourhood, connecting at Piazzale Flaminio (near the Porta del Popolo) with Line A and the Rome-Viterbo railway line. Some runs of the 2 on weekdays (marked as 2/) run from Piazza Mancini to Piazza Risorgimento, running with the 19 across the Tevere to the Vatican.
Partially reopened on 27 August 2012. This is the longest line after line 19, going round the city centre in a wide arc from north via east to south-west. At the western endpoint Trastevere railway station, this line connects with the Regional railways (lines 1, 3 and 5), while connections with Metro A are at Manzoni and San Giovanni. There are four connections with metro Line B: one at Policlinico, and three on the stretch Piramide – Circo Massimo (Rome Metro) – Colosseo, where line 3 follows Metro B on the surface. The remainder of the line from the Roma Trastevere railway station to Piazzale Ostiense continued until 2016 to be served by a substitute bus service, the 3B, pending the completion of infrastructural works. [3] On 8 August 2016, the tram service was restored on this last segment. Line 3 now runs on its entire original route. [4]
This line runs east from Termini railway station. It connects with line A at Termini metro station, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II and Manzoni.
Line 8 is the newest line of the system, always running with modern stock. It also reaches furthest into the historic city centre, connecting it with Trastevere railway station. Work on an extension began on 19 June 2012 [5] and the new terminus, located in piazza Venezia, opened on 6 June 2013. [6]
This line mostly follows the route of line 5, but with a different eastern terminus.
This line connects the Vatican with the rest of the tram network, following the route of first line 3, and then line 5. It connects with the metro at Ottaviano – San Pietro – Musei Vaticani, Lepanto (Rome Metro) (both Line A) and Policlinico (line B). Line 19 is the longest line, connecting with all other tram lines, except for line 8.
Rome had horse buses after 1845, when pope Gregory XVI authorized a line from Piazza Venezia to the Basilica di San Paolo fuori le mura to transport pilgrims. This first line did not run according to a timetable; trams left when they were full. Horse trams arrived in 1877, connecting Piazzale Flaminio with the Ponte Milvio, the current line 2.
In 1895, electric trams arrived, connecting Termini station to Piazza San Silvestro. By 1904, all horse tram lines had been electrified – the Ponte Milvio tram last. By 1905, a total of 17 tram lines were operating, using 144 electric vehicles, with a number of horse-drawn trams functioning as backup.
After a few years of competition with the incumbent company SRTO, in 1929, government-controlled company ATAG (Azienda Tranvie Autobus del Governo di Roma) took over the whole network, and by the end of that year, the network had reached its largest extent: no fewer than 59 lines along 140 km of track.
As many lines shared parts of their routes, a large reorganization took place in 1930: from then on, two circular lines functioned alongside 24 radial lines, which all started out from the inner ring (the 'black ring'), and crossed the outer ring (the 'red ring'). Within the inner ring, all tram lines were cancelled and substituted by autobuses. 40 kilometers of tracks were dismantled, and part of the older rolling stock was demolished.
After the Second World War, the operating company changed its name to ATAC (Azienda Tranvie ed Autobus del Comune di Roma), but the network kept shrinking. The inner ring was deactivated in 1959; the outer ring only ran in one direction from that year until reconstruction in 1975. The connection Piazzale Flaminio-Ponte Milvio was cancelled in 1960 and reconstructed in 1983 (northern part) and 1990 (southern part). Line 8 was opened in 1998. There are plans to open more lines, including connections from the current northern terminus of line 8 to Termini, and a line from the same terminus towards the Vatican.
The number of horse trams is unknown, but there were probably over a hundred.
This list includes all stock of the ATAC (including that running under its former names AATM, ATM, ATG, ATAG, ATAC or the Trambus brand.)
After the positive experience with trams 401–412 (1937), in 1940 ATAG commissioned the Mechanical Workshops of Stanga of Padua to build an articulated prototype tram. The prototype, delivered in 1942 and numbered 7001, operated briefly and was destroyed in the bombing of Rome on 19 July 1943. The order was confirmed, however, and the delivery of 50 cars (7003–7099, 7001) occurred between 1948 and 1949.
These cars, which have undergone an operation for modernization in the 1980s, are still in operation in Rome, with the exception of 7073 and 7093 that were recently scrapped. Number 7021 has been transformed into "Ristotram" (restaurant car).
A further order of eight similar trams was made in 1953 for STEFER suburban network(7101–7115, odd numbers only). These were later modernized by ATAC at the Viberti workshops.
33 articulated double-ended low-floor tramcars (9001-9033) were delivered in 1990 and 1991 by SOCIMI in Milan. These trams are fitted with a 2-axle bogies at both ends, and small wheels in the centre of the car (wheel arrangement Bo'2'Bo'), thus allowing a 70% low floor. Since SOCIMI went broke 27 of the 60 cars on order were not built at the time, but in 2003 and 2004 eight additional cars (9034-9041) entered service, assembled from spare parts salvaged from the dissolved SOCIMI works.
These double-articulated trams were ordered from Cityway Fiat Railway in 1998 to mark the opening of line 8. 28 trams were ordered. 70% of its length is low-floor; raised floor sections are located at the ends. The entire train measures 31 meters. One innovation introduced was the air conditioning system. Currently they are in regular operation on lines 2 and 8.
In 1999, another 52 articulated trams were ordered from Fiat-Alstom, following the new trend of 100% low-floor trams. The tram is made up of four sections mounted on separate trucks, and alternate with three suspended sections. The length is 33 meters. The cars 9217 and 9218 are prototypes which never entered into service, which had additional articulated sections, forming a vehicle of 41.45 meters in length, with 9 sections and 5 trucks. These trams are used only for line 8.
In the course of time, hundreds of films have been filmed in Rome, partly due to the presence of the studios at Cinecittà. Trams feature in some of them:
The tramway line to Cinecittà is credited to have had a crucial role in the neorealist film-making, as directors drew ideas for subjects while travelling with people from working classes.
The Rome Metro is a rapid transit system that operates in Rome, Italy. It started operation in 1955, making it the oldest in the country.
Termini is an underground station of the Rome Metro. The station was inaugurated on 10 February 1955 as a station on Line B, and later became an interchange with Line A. The station is found in Piazza dei Cinquecento, under the Termini rail terminal. Together, the two stations form the main public transport hub in the city.
Flaminio–Piazza del Popolo is an underground station on Line A of the Rome Metro, inaugurated in 1980. The station is situated on the large Piazzale Flaminio, in the Flaminio quarter outside the Aurelian Walls, next to Piazza del Popolo, and is near the Campus Martius.
Line A of the Rome Metro runs across the city from the north-west terminus of Battistini to the south-east terminus at Anagnina. It intersects with Line B at Termini and with Line C at San Giovanni. The line is marked orange on metro maps.
Piazzale Flaminio is a square in Rome (Italy) and the starting point of the Via Flaminia.
Anagnina is a station of Line A of the Rome Metro. It is located at the junction between Via Tuscolana and Via Anagnina, close to the depot of Osteria del Curato. The station is at an altitude of 53 metres (174 ft) above sea level.
Roma Ostiense is a railway station in Piazza dei Partigiani serving the Ostiense district of Rome, Italy, a short distance from the Porta San Paolo. It is run by the Rete Ferroviaria Italiana arm of the Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane group and the commuter rail lines FL1, FL3, and FL5 run through the station. It is linked with the Piramide Metro B station and the Roma Porta San Paolo station on the Rome-Lido railway line.
Rome is a tourist destination of archaeological and artistic significance. Among the most significant resources are museums – —aqueducts, fountains, churches, palaces, historical buildings, the monuments and ruins of the Roman Forum, and the Catacombs. Rome is the 2nd most visited city in the EU, after Paris, and receives an average of 7–10 million tourists a year, which sometimes doubles on holy years. The Colosseum and the Vatican Museums are the 39th and 37th (respectively) most visited places in the world, according to a recent study. In 2005 the city registered 19.5 million of global visitors, up of 22.1% from 2001. In 2006, Rome was visited by 6.03 million international tourists, reaching 8th place in the ranking of the world's 150 most visited cities. The city has also been nominated 2007's fourth most desirable city to visit in the world, according to lifestyle magazine Travel + Leisure, after Florence, Buenos Aires and Bangkok. Rome is the city with the most monuments in the world.
Rome has an extensive internal transport system and is one of the most important road, rail and air hubs in Italy.
Municipio I is an administrative subdivision of the municipality of Rome, encompassing the centre of the city.
The Rome trolleybus system forms part of the public transport network of the city and comune of Rome, Italy. In operation since 2005, the current system comprises three routes.
The Milan tramway network is part of the public transport network of Milan, Italy, operated by Azienda Trasporti Milanesi (ATM).
The Modena trolleybus system forms part of the public transport network of the city and comune of Modena, in the region of Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy.
Alfa Romeo 140A is an Italian bus model produced by Alfa Romeo from 1950 to 1958. The bus was produced for Azienda Trasporti Milanesi (ATM) in Milan, Italy.
The FL5 is a regional rail route. It forms part of the network of the Lazio regional railways, which is operated by Trenitalia, and converges on the city of Rome, Italy.
The FL4 is a regional rail route. It forms part of the network of the Lazio regional railways, which is operated by Trenitalia, and converges on the city of Rome, Italy.
The Rome–Civita Castellana–Viterbo railway is a regional railway line connecting Rome, Italy, with Viterbo, capital city of the Province of Viterbo. The 102 km (63 mi) long line, also known in Rome as the Roma Nord line, after its former concessionaire, is part of Rome's metropolitan and regional railway network.
ATAC S.p.A. is an Italian publicly owned company running most of the local public transportation services, paid parking and incentive parking lots in Rome. More specifically, the company handles, on behalf of Roma Capitale Authority, the entire tramway, trolleybus network and metro lines, as well as most of the bus lines in the city. It also operates, on behalf of the Administrative Region of Lazio, three railways: Roma-Civita Castellana-Viterbo, Roma-Giardinetti and Roma-Lido. ATAC S.p.A., with its 2,200-kilometer-wide public transport network, its over 8,500 busses and 70,000 parking stalls, is currently one of the biggest public transportation companies in Europe and the largest in Italy.
Flaminio is the 1st quartiere of the Italian capital Rome. Identified by the initials Q. I, it belongs to the Municipio II and has 13,018 inhabitants and an area of 1.1877 km². The name is derived from the Via Flaminia.
The Piazzale Flaminio railway station is a railway station in Rome (Italy) and the terminus of the Rome–Civitacastellana–Viterbo railway, managed by ATAC.