Bohdan Zynovii Mykhailovych Khmelnytskyi was a Ukrainian military commander and Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host, which was then under the suzerainty of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He led an uprising against the Commonwealth and its magnates (1648–1654) that resulted in the creation of an independent Ukrainian Cossack state. In 1654, he concluded the Treaty of Pereyaslav with the Russian Tsar and allied the Cossack Hetmanate with Tsardom of Russia, thus placing central Ukraine under Russian protection. During the uprising the Cossacks led a massacre of thousands of Jewish people during 1648–1649 as one of the more traumatic events in the history of the Jews in Ukraine and Ukrainian nationalism.
The Pereiaslav Agreement or Pereyaslav Agreement, was an official meeting that convened for a ceremonial pledge of allegiance by Cossacks to the Tsar of Russia in the town of Pereiaslav, in central Ukraine, in January 1654. The ceremony took place concurrently with ongoing negotiations that started on the initiative of Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky to address the issue of the Cossack Hetmanate with the ongoing Khmelnytsky Uprising against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and which concluded the Treaty of Pereiaslav. The treaty itself was finalized in Moscow in April 1654.
Khmelnytsky or Khmelnitsky may refer to:
Pereiaslav or Pereyaslav, formerly Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi or Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyy (1943–2019), is a historical city in the Boryspil Raion, Kyiv Oblast (province) of central Ukraine, located near the confluence of Alta and Trubizh rivers some 95 km (59.03 mi) south of the nation's capital Kyiv. Along with Kyiv and Chernihiv, it forms the nucleus of the medieval Ruthenia. Pereiaslav hosts the administration of Pereiaslav urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Its population is approximately 26,273
The Khmelnytsky Uprising, also known as the Cossack–Polish War, the Chmielnicki Uprising, the Khmelnytsky massacre or the Khmelnytsky insurrection, was a Cossack rebellion that took place between 1648 and 1657 in the eastern territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, which led to the creation of a Cossack Hetmanate in Ukraine. Under the command of Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, the Zaporozhian Cossacks, allied with the Crimean Tatars and local Ukrainian peasantry, fought against Polish domination and Commonwealth forces. The insurgency was accompanied by mass atrocities committed by Cossacks against the civilian population, especially against the Roman Catholic clergy and the Jews, as well as savage reprisals by Jeremi Wiśniowiecki, Voivode of Ruthenia.
Hetman of Zaporizhian Cossacks is a historical term that has multiple meanings.
The Cossack Hetmanate, officially the Zaporizhian Host or Army of Zaporizhia, was a Cossack state in the region of what is today Central Ukraine between 1648 and 1764.
Ivan Bohun was a Ukrainian Cossack colonel. Close associate and friend of Bohdan Khmelnytsky, he opposed both the pacts with Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and with Tsardom of Russia.
Samiilo Bohdanovych-Zarudny was a Ukrainian Cossack diplomat, noble and general judge of the Zaporozhian Host, who defected to Bohdan Khmelnytsky's side at Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi in 1648.
Cossack Rada or General Military Council was a general Cossack assembly (council) often military in nature.
The Russo-Polish War of 1654–1667, also called the Thirteen Years' War and the First Northern War, was a major conflict between the Tsardom of Russia and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Between 1655 and 1660, the Swedish invasion was also fought in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and so the period became known in Poland as "The Deluge" or Swedish Deluge.
The Ruin is a historical term introduced by the Cossack chronicle writer Samiilo Velychko (1670–1728) for the political situation in Ukrainian history during the second half of the 17th century.
Pavlo Teteria (1620s–1670) was Hetman of Right-bank Ukraine (1663–1665). His real name is Pavlo Morzhkovsky. Before his hetmancy he served in a number of high positions under Bohdan Khmelnytsky, and Ivan Vyhovsky.
Yakym Somko, was a Ukrainian Cossack military leader of the Pereyaslav regiment and was the Acting Hetman of Left-bank Ukraine in 1660-1663, during The Ruin.
Treaty of Pereiaslav was signed in late June 1630 between rebellious Cossack forces of Taras Fedorovych and Polish forces led by hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski.
The Pereyaslav Articles were concluded on October 27, 1659 between Yurii Khmelnytsky, the son of Bohdan Khmelnytsky, and the Russian tsar. The treaty drastically limited the Cossack autonomy. The treaty was an aftermath of the Treaty of Hadiach on 16 September 1658 between the Cossacks and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, which granted many privileges to Cossacks and thus threatened Russian influence over them. The articles imposed severe restrictions on Cossack Hetmanate autonomy.
The Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host was the head of state of the Cossack Hetmanate in what is now Ukraine. The office was disestablished by the Russian government in 1764.
The Truce of Zamość was signed on November 20, 1648 during the siege of Zamość between the King of Poland John II Casimir of Poland and the Hetman of Zaporizhian Host Bohdan Khmelnytsky.
The Battle of Zhvanets, or the siege of Zhvanets was one of battles of the Khmelnytsky Uprising. It took place between late August and mid-December 1653, when forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, together with King Jan Kazimierz Waza were surrounded in and near Zhvanets by Zaporozhian Cossacks and Crimean Tatars, commanded Bohdan Khmelnytsky. The siege ended when Poles agreed to renew the Treaty of Zboriv.
The Muscovite-Ukrainian War was an armed conflict from September 21, 1658, to October 17, 1659, between the Cossack Hetmanate led by Ivan Vyhovsky and the Tsardom of Muscovy. It began with Muscovite intervention in internal Ukrainian struggles. Military action was conducted in left-bank Ukraine, east of the Dnieper.
