Trembita Musical Instrument Factory

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The "Trembita" Musical Instrument Factory manufactures stringed instruments. Since 1948 it has manufactured banduras, a Ukrainian instrument; it also produces guitars. The factory is located in Lviv, Ukraine.

Bandura plucked string instrument from Ukraine

A bandura is a Ukrainian, plucked string, folk instrument. It combines elements of the zither and lute and, up until the 1940s, was also often referred to by the term kobza. Early instruments had 5 to 12 strings and similar to the lute. In the 20th century, the number of strings increased initially to 31 strings (1926), 56 strings - 68 strings on modern 'concert' instruments (1954).

Lviv City of regional significance in Lviv Oblast, Ukraine

Lviv is the largest city in western Ukraine and the seventh-largest city in the country overall, with a population of 724,713 as of January 2019. Lviv is one of the main cultural centres of Ukraine.

Ukraine Sovereign state in Eastern Europe

Ukraine, sometimes called the Ukraine, is a country in Eastern Europe. Excluding Crimea, Ukraine has a population of about 42.5 million, making it the 32nd most populous country in the world. Its capital and largest city is Kiev. Ukrainian is the official language and its alphabet is Cyrillic. The dominant religions in the country are Eastern Orthodoxy and Greek Catholicism. Ukraine is currently in a territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula, which Russia annexed in 2014. Including Crimea, Ukraine has an area of 603,628 km2 (233,062 sq mi), making it the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world.

Contents

History


The Lviv factory of musical instruments known as "Trembita" is primarily a factory for the manufacture of guitars and mandolins. A workshop for the serial production of banduras was established there and since 1964 the factory has produced various types of banduras designed by Professor Vasyl Herasymenko.

Trembita

The trembita is a alpine horn made of wood. It is common among Ukrainian highlanders Hutsuls who used to live in western Ukraine, eastern Poland, Slovakia and northern Romania. In southern Poland it`s called trombita, bazuna in the North and ligawka in central Poland.

Vasyl Herasymenko

Vasyl Herasymenko was a Soviet military leader from Ukraine who was nominally and temporarily appointed the People's Commissar of Defense of the Ukrainian SSR in 1944-45.

Bandura manufacturing

Soviet period

Banduras were made at the factory back in 1948. These early instruments were set up for production by Oleh Hasiuk. Some 19 instruments were made. These instruments were diatonically tuned with 34 strings, however they did not have sufficient volume and did not allow the player to play in different keys easily.

Continual serial manufacture of banduras was set up in 1964. Vasyl Herasymenko developed an acceptable model instrument and also developed a serial process for the mass production of banduras.

From 1964-68 some 300 experimental instruments were produced. These instruments became known as the "Lviviankas" . The first models had 58 strings which included 17 bass strings. This particular instrument differed from counterparts made at the Chernihiv Musical Instruments Factory in that the body of the instrument was made of bent glued sections like that of a mandolin, rather than hewn out of a solid piece. These glued sections were made out of curly maple rather than the more traditional willow. This change was because the willow used for the backs of the hewn banduras was not a commercial material and was difficult to obtain.

The Chernihiv musical instruments factory was a factory founded to make stringed instruments in Ukraine. It is named after Soviet politician Pavel Postyshev.

Children's sizes were later also developed by Vasyl Herasymenko and a series of these instruments were also manufactured at this time.

Later further refinements meant that a 15 bass instrument was developed having the same range. This new instrument eradicated many of the minor defects which appeared in the previous models.

Herasymenko developed an ingenious mechanism which rapidly and easily retuned the instrument. In 1975-84 the Lviv factory, on the basis of the 15 bass instrument began to serially manufacture concert instruments with a mechanism. All in all some 80 numbered banduras were produced.

In 1976 the magazine "Narodna Tvorchist' ta etnohrafia" reported that the Lviv experimental factory was planning to manufacture 2300 instruments a year. In 1979 it was reported that they were planning to manufacture 3000 instruments per year. The minister of industry D. Babenko stated that the number of concert banduras with mechanisms manufactured will grow to 1500 in 1980. Unfortunately the plans were not fulfilled.

Later production of concert bandura stopped completely because the factory was unable to obtain lathes of suitable quality to manufacture the mechanism parts.

In order to overcome this problem in 1984 Herasymenko simplified the design of the mechanism, and also redesigned and simplified production. This required him to alter the shape of the instrument and as a result the quality of the sound produced by these instruments changed.

This redesigned instrument had a mechanism whose levers were placed at the end of the instrument and began to be produced in 1985.

In 1988 Herasymenko began work on a children's concert instrument with mechanism. Initially he set up production of a standard children's size instrument and an instrument with concert mechanism. This instrument is of smaller size, continuing to have 15 basses, but having only 56 strings rather than 58 with a range up to top G.

Post Ukrainian independence


In the 1990s after the proclamation of Ukrainian independence the economy changed from a Soviet to being market driven one. Many factories could not make the transition and closed down. Others had their production had dwindled to a trickle. Of the 17 factories that manufactured musical instruments only the Lviv factory is remained open, however production grown to a trickle.

Of the original 8-12 craftsmen there are only 3 men were left in the bandura section of the factory. Many trained craftsmen left to go to facilities where the pay was more lucrative and the fine skills were not required. Recently there were major problems when one of the craftsman who made the fine details for the mechanism died and a new craftsman had to be found and trained.

As the economy of Ukraine continued to sink to new lows, efforts were made to separate the bandura workshop from the factory. Many of these efforts were detrimental to the ongoing function of the bandura workshop as they often did not take into account many of the hidden factors and costs involved in manufacturing banduras. The bandura workshop was as a result for many years supported by the manufacturing of guitars.

In 1997 only 14 banduras were made.

In 1999 only 24 banduras were made and the bandura making section of the factory only remained open only due to orders from North America.

After 2000 orders began to be received which stopped the factory form closing the bandura workshop.

In 2006 the President of Ukraine - Viktor Yushchenko released 10 million Hryvni for the support of bandura art in Ukraine. As a result, groups which had for many years been without instruments or had required new instruments were able to place orders for banduras. The sudden change has had its detrimental effects on bandura manufacturing. Currently there is a 3-year wait for orders, the price of banduras has tripled according to market demand and there is a perceptible change in the quality of the instruments being manufactured.

Bandura types and models

Previous models

Current models

Currently 4 models are available

Future models

In 2000 they intend in enlarge their production and including a new Kharkiv bandura with mechanism in its manufacturing plans.

A number of experimental diatonic Kharkiv banduras have been made.

Prototypes of an electric bandura with internal pickups have been developed and are planned for production.

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