Tropical Storm Linfa (2003)

Last updated

Severe Tropical Storm Linfa (Chedeng)
Severe tropical storm (JMA  scale)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Linfa 2003-05-30 0155Z.jpg
Tropical Storm Linfa at peak intensity on May 30
FormedMay 25, 2003
DissipatedJune 2, 2003
(Extratropical after May 30)
Highest winds 10-minute sustained: 100 km/h (65 mph)
1-minute sustained: 110 km/h (70 mph)
Gusts: 140 km/h (85 mph)
Lowest pressure980 hPa (mbar); 28.94 inHg
Fatalities41 total
Damage$28.2 million (2003 USD)
Areas affected
Part of the 2003 Pacific typhoon season

Severe Tropical Storm Linfa, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Chedeng, [1] brought deadly flooding to areas of the Philippines and Japan in May and June 2003. The fifth named storm within the northwestern Pacific that year, Linfa developed as a tropical depression just off the western coast of Luzon on May 25. The disturbance quickly intensified to reach tropical storm intensity a few hours after cyclogenesis. However, intensification leveled off as Linfa executed a small clockwise loop before a subsequent landfall on Luzon on May 27. Due to land interaction the storm temporarily weakened and decoupled before reforming in the Philippine Sea. Afterwards Linfa began reintensifying and reached its peak intensity on May 29 with maximum sustained winds of 100 km/h (65 mph) and a barometric pressure of 980 mbar (hPa; 28.94 inHg). [nb 1] Following its peak the tropical storm began to deteriorate and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on May 30; these extratropical remnants continued to track northward through Japan before dissipating in the Sea of Okhotsk on June 4.

Contents

The erratic and slow movement of Linfa off the western Philippines was the catalyst for extreme rainfall and flooding, killing 41 persons in the archipelago. Precipitation peaked at 723 mm (28.5 in) near Dagupan. Rising floodwaters resulted in numerous mudslides and the temporary shutdown of government offices. In addition, strong winds caused widespread power outages. Overall damage from Linfa in the Philippines amounted to ₱192.3 million (US$3.65 million). [nb 2] The floods also displaced 8,367 people in 1,686 families and destroyed 178 homes. Linfa and its extratropical remnants later brought torrential rainfall and widespread flooding to Japan, particularly southwestern regions. Rainfall there peaked at 727 mm (28.62 in). Flood damage was worst in Kōchi and Tokushima Prefectures, where several buildings were destroyed by floodwater. Other locations in Japan experienced considerable agricultural damage as well as numerous landslides. Overall, Linfa caused roughly $28.2 million in damage, much of which occurred in Japan, though the entirety of deaths associated with the cyclone took place in the Philippines.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir-Simpson scale Map key Saffir-Simpson scale .mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column} .mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{} Tropical depression (<=38 mph, <=62 km/h) Tropical storm (39-73 mph, 63-118 km/h) Category 1 (74-95 mph, 119-153 km/h) Category 2 (96-110 mph, 154-177 km/h) Category 3 (111-129 mph, 178-208 km/h) Category 4 (130-156 mph, 209-251 km/h) Category 5 (>=157 mph, >=252 km/h) Unknown Storm type Tropical cyclone Subtropical cyclone Extratropical cyclone / Remnant low / Tropical disturbance / Monsoon depression Linfa 2003 track.png
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
ArrowUp.svg Extratropical cyclone / Remnant low / Tropical disturbance / Monsoon depression

In late-May an area of disturbed weather began to persist roughly 650 km (400 mi) west of Manila, Philippines in the South China Sea. [1] Late on May 23, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center  (JTWC) began to monitor the area for potential signs of tropical cyclogenesis. [2] Over the next few days the disturbance began to consolidate towards a common low pressure center, resulting in a burst in convective activity. [1] At 0000  UTC on May 25, the JTWC classified the resulting system as a tropical depression west of Luzon; [2] six hours later both the Japan Meteorological Agency  (JMA) and the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration  (PAGASA) began to monitor the newly formed tropical cyclone, though the latter classified it as a tropical storm. [1] [3] During these initial stages of development the tropical cyclone slowly intensified as it slowly tracked in a clockwise loop throughout the course of the day. [1] At 1800 UTC, the JTWC upgraded the depression to tropical storm status while the JMA followed suit six hours later, [2] [3] thus designating the cyclone with the name Linfa. [1]

In response to a strengthening ridge to the south, Linfa began tracking eastward. [2] Despite its proximity to land, the tropical storm's slow forward motion allowed for additional strengthening, [1] and according to the JMA, Linfa reached an initial peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 90 km/h (50 mph) at 0000 UTC on May 27, just within the threshold of severe tropical storm status. [3] Concurrently the cyclone made landfall near Dagupan, Luzon. [2] Upon landfall, Linfa began to weaken as it crossed Luzon before emerging into the Pacific as a minimal tropical storm late that day. However, as a result of land interaction the initial surface circulation center of Linfa greatly weakened and was overtaken by a newly formed low-level circulation center on May 28, resulting in the storm's position to shift well northeastward. This was the primary basis on which the JTWC downgraded Linfa to tropical depression status early on May 28, [1] though the JMA continued to analyze the system as a weak tropical storm. [3] Afterwards, as the cyclone began to track northeastward, the new circulation center became more organized, [1] resulting in the JTWC reclassifying Linfa as a tropical storm at 0600 UTC the following day. [2] Gradual strengthening followed, and at 1800 UTC that day Linfa reached peak intensity with winds of 100 km/h (65 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 980 mbar (hPa; 28.94 inHg) south of Okinawa. [3] Subsequently, the system began to take a more northward course and undergo extratropical transition, which was completed at 0000 UTC on May 30. Though by this time most tropical cyclone monitoring agencies ceased the monitoring of these extratropical remnants by this time, [1] the JMA continued to track them as they made landfall near Uwajima, Ehime at 0800 UTC the following day. [3] Linfa's remnants then paralleled the western coast of Japan before dissipating on June 4 well into the Sea of Okhotsk. [3]

Impact and aftermath

Philippines

Tropical Storm Linfa making landfall in Ilocos Region, Luzon on May 27 Tropical Storm Linfa 27 May 2013 00001z.png
Tropical Storm Linfa making landfall in Ilocos Region, Luzon on May 27

Linfa's slow movement off the western coast of Luzon, followed by its eventual landfall, allowed for copious amounts of rain to occur in areas of the Philippines, leading to widespread flooding. [1] Prior to landfall, waves generated by Linfa offshore hampered search and rescue operations following the collision of the MV San Nicholas and SuperFerry 12 ships on May 25. [4] Over land, precipitation amounts officially peaked at a station in Dagupan, near the tropical storm's point of landfall. There, 723 mm (28.5 in) of rainfall was observed, including 629 mm (24.8 in) of rain in a 12‑hour period. The second highest precipitation total from a station operated by the World Meteorological Organization observed 364 mm (14.3 in) of rain in Baguio. These rainfall totals were further enhanced by the concurrent southwesterly monsoon. [1] The resulting floods forced then-President of the Philippines Gloria Macapagal Arroyo to order the temporary shutdown of government offices and mobilize city officials to aid in clearing threatened areas of people. [5] In addition, commuter bus operations were forced to cease. [6]

The first documented fatality associated with the storm occurred in Taytay, Rizal, after heavy rains on May 27 triggered a mudslide that killed an infant and injured three other people. That same day the rains resulted in thick traffic jams in Manila. [7] Strong winds in the capital city also toppled billboards and electric posts. [8] Floodwaters forced over 600 families to evacuate in Valenzuela, a suburb located northwest of Manila. Similarly strong winds in Pangasinan caused widespread power outage to much of the province. [5] Areas in the central parts of the province experienced their worst flooding conditions in at least 60 years. [9] Two ferries capsized off of Minalabac, Camarines Sur, killing six people. Sixty-seven others were rescued in the search and rescue operation that followed the incident. [10] Overall, Linfa killed 41 people in the Philippines due to flooding. Damage associated with the tropical storm included ₱66 million (US$1.25 million) to agriculture and livestock, ₱83.4 million (US$1.58 million) to fisheries, and ₱42.9 million (US$800,000) to infrastructure, equating to a total of ₱192.3 million (US$3.65 million) in damage in the Philippines. [1] Nationwide, 8,367 persons in roughly 1,686 families evacuated into 44 evacuation centers at the height of the storm. [11] [12] The floods destroyed 178 homes and damaged an additional 2,040. [13]

In the immediate aftermath of the storm and associated flooding, the Department of Agriculture readied for the distribution of 3 million bangus fry, 250,000  tilapia fry, and 315 bags of rice seeds to affected regions. Furthermore, the National Food Authority allocated 200 sacks of rice to Pangasinan. [14] The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council assisted in relief operations by allocating ₱10 million (US$200,000) and 800 bags of rice for such efforts. In addition, one of eight regional Filipino health offices distributed roughly ₱600,000 (US$10,000) worth of various medicines to Dagupan and Urdaneta, Pangasinan. [13] According to the National Disaster Coordinating Council, ₱15.7 million (US$300,000) worth in relief operations was allocated. [15]

Japan

Estimated rainfall rate within Linfa on May 30 as documented by the TRMM. TRMM Tropical Storm Linfa 30 May 2003 1749z.jpg
Estimated rainfall rate within Linfa on May 30 as documented by the TRMM.

After tracking eastward across the Philippines, Linfa reorganized and curved northeastward toward Japan. [1] The Japan Meteorological Agency anticipated heavy precipitation and strong winds in the island nation's southwestern regions. [16] The agency also warned residents in low-lying areas of potential flooding. [17] The JMA indicated the heightened possibility of landslides in the Tōhoku region due to a recent earthquake in the area. [18] Due to the forecasted impacts and track, as many as 102 domestic flights were cancelled in a single day, [18] particularly those associated with southwestern Japan. [17] In addition, five ferry services were cancelled. [19] Upon making landfall on Shikoku, Linfa became the first tropical cyclone since 1965 to strike Japan during May, as well as the third earliest tropical cyclone to make landfall on any of Japan's four main islands since standardized records began in 1951. [18]

Throughout Linfa's passage of Japan, the storm brought heavy rainfall across a wide swath of the country, resulting in extensive and damaging flooding. [1] Damage was primarily concentrated on Kyushu Island. [20] Precipitation peaked at 727 mm (28.62 in) at a station in Nakagoya, Miyazaki Prefecture. However, a station in Owase, Mie observed 497 mm (19.56 in) of rain in 24 hours, greater than any other location for that period of time. [20] Despite making landfall on Ehime Prefecture, Linfa did not cause as much damage there relative to other provinces, particularly those bordering Ehime. Nonetheless, nearly 300 homes lost power during the storm there. [21] Linfa's worst impacts occurred in Kōchi Prefecture, where severe flooding inundated several buildings and triggered numerous landslides. Damage there totaled ¥1.28 billion (US$10.7 million). [22] Similar effects took place in Tokushima Prefecture, in addition to widespread evacuations from impacted areas. Damage accrued by Linfa in Tokushima Prefecture reached ¥1.22 billion (US$10.3 million). [23] Located near the coast, high seas generated by Linfa were reported in Wakayama Prefecture, resulting in cancellations of offshore activities and transportation. However, much of the damage in Wakayama Prefecture was caused by torrential precipitation, damaging roads in seven locations, amounting to ¥197.45 million (US$1.65 million). [24] Severe flooding in Mie Prefecture resulted from heavy, prolonged rainfall, which peaked prefecture-wide at 497 mm (19.57 in) in Owase. Precipitation in Mie caused widespread power outages. As many as 65 buildings were flooded, and approximately 87 ha (215 ac) of arable land was inundated by rainwater. In addition to surface inundation, the rains caused twenty landslides, blocking roads the traffic and suspending some rail operations. [25] Power outages were also widespread in Hyōgo Prefecture, including a localized outage stripping electricity from 900 homes in the Kita-ku ward in Kobe; [26] similar impacts occurred in Osaka Prefecture. [27] Rising floodwater in Kanagawa Prefecture engulfed the first floors of several office buildings and residences. The rain also deluged roads in Yokohama, Fujisawa, Chigasaki and Odawara. [28]

On Nishino-shima Island in Honshu's Shimane Prefecture, precipitation caused the deterioration of surface sediments, resulting in landslides that damaged several buildings. Agricultural damage totaled to ¥660,000 (US$5,500), and three flights were cancelled at Oki Airport. [29] Multiple landslides occurred in Miyagi Prefecture. In Kesennuma, the rains triggered a rockfall, prompting evacuations and damaging a home. A second rockfall incident occurred on June 2, destroying several buildings. Residents of Ogachi and Ishinomaki were ordered to evacuate due to the threat of additional rockfalls and landslides, . [30] In both Hino and Kurayoshi, Tottori, heavy rain caused damage to roads and farmland erosion. The precipitation also caused a river to flow over its banks, flooding adjacent land. Damage in Tottori Prefecture amounted to ¥890 million (US$75,000). [31] Significant damage occurred in Ōita Prefecture, where heavy rains caused landslides and suspended rail operations. Most of the damage in Ōita Prefecture was done to crops, particularly vegetables, and totaled ¥27.37 million (US$230,000). [32] Damage to sweet potato and tobacco crops alone in Kagoshima Prefecture reached ¥21 million (US$180,000), while damage to agricultural infrastructure totaled ¥2 million (US$16,800). [33] Damage to tobacco crops in Miyazaki Prefecture were estimated even higher at ¥50.57 million (US$420,000). [34] In Nagasaki Prefecture, the rains also damaged forests, with damage estimated at ¥23 million (US$190,000); other agricultural damage was estimated at ¥60 million (US$500,000). Voluntary evacuation procedures took place in Fukue, Nagasaki due to the threat of building collapse. [35]

Despite transitioning into an extratropical cyclone during its passage of Japan, Linfa still maintained strong winds, which caused heavy damage to susceptible structures. [1] The highest wind associated with Linfa in Japan was clocked at 119 km/h (74 mph) in Murotomisaki, Kōchi Prefecture. [20] Operations on the Tōhoku Main Line were delayed as a result of strong winds onset by Linfa. [36] Wind gusts as high as 55 km/h (35 mph) in Nakatsugawa in Tochigi Prefecture caused the complete destruction of at least five buildings and damaged several others, resulting in ¥$760,000 (US$6,400) in damage. [37] More considerable damage occurred in Shiga Prefecture, where strong winds caused damage to greenhouses and nearby crops, accruing ¥36.75 million (US$308,700) in damage. In addition, two people were injured after winds threw a section of plywood into the car they were occupying. [38]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ All maximum sustained wind figures were measured over a period of ten minutes, unless otherwise noted.
  2. ↑ All damage totals are in the 2003 value of their respective currencies

Related Research Articles

2003 Pacific typhoon season Period of formation of tropical cyclones in the Western Pacific Ocean in 2003

The 2003 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly below average yearlong period of tropical cyclogenesis exhibiting the development of 45 tropical depressions, of which 21 became named storms; of those, 14 became typhoons. Though every month with the exception of February and March featured tropical activity, most storms developed from May through October. During the season, tropical cyclones affected the Philippines, Japan, China, the Korean Peninsula, Indochina, and various islands in the western Pacific.

Typhoon Prapiroon (2000)

Typhoon Prapiroon, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Lusing, was the costliest tropical cyclone to strike the Korean Peninsula and the eighth costliest in the West Pacific on record.

Typhoon Kujira (2003) Category 4 Pacific typhoon in 2003

Typhoon Kujira, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Amang, was a long-lived tropical cyclone that lasted for 16 days affected the island nations of Micronesia, Taiwan, and Japan in April 2003, as well as the earliest typhoon in a calendar year to ever make landfall on the latter. Forming from a broad area of disturbed weather as a tropical depression on April 9 well removed from any landmasses, Kujira quickly intensified in its early stages, and was upgraded to a tropical storm just two days after cyclogenesis. Strengthening slowed afterwards, though the storm attained typhoon intensity on April 14. Intensification continued and late on April 15, Kujira reached its peak intensity with winds of 165 km/h (105 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 930 mbar. Following peak intensity, Kujira began to track northwest and oscillate in strength, cresting an additional two times in intensity. On April 21, the typhoon was downgraded to tropical storm intensity and began to track erratically for several days east of Taiwan. However, on April 24, Kujira resumed a northward track and begin to weaken, and on April 24 was downgraded to tropical depression strength as it made landfall on Kyushu. Following landfall Kujira transitioned into an extratropical cyclone and continued to persist before these extratropical remnants crossed the International Dateline towards the end of April 2003.

Typhoon Chaba (2004)

Typhoon Chaba was the strongest tropical cyclone in the western Pacific during 2004 and caused a swath of damage from the Mariana Islands to Japan from August through September of that year. Chaba was the Japan's second costliest storm during the season, only behind Songda in September, and peaked as a typhoon with maximum sustained winds equivalent to that of a Category 5 on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale.

Typhoon Flo (1990) Category 5 Pacific typhoon

Typhoon Flo, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Norming, was a long-lived typhoon that brought destruction to much of Japan during September 1990. Flo originated from an area of convection that first formed to the southeast of the Marshall Islands on September 7. Five days later, the disturbance obtained tropical depression status, and on September 13, intensified into a tropical storm. Tracking west-northwest as it rounded a subtropical ridge, Flo slowly deepened, and on September 15, became a typhoon. After developing an eye, Flo began to rapidly intensify, and on September 17, Flo attained peak intensity. Shortly thereafter, the typhoon began to recurve to the northeast towards Honshu in response to deepening troughs to the northwest and north of the system, which resulted in a weakening trend due to increased vertical wind shear despite remaining over warm water. On September 19, Flo made landfall on southern Honshu, becoming the first typhoon to hit the Kii Peninsula in 11 years, and thereafter started to transition into an extratropical cyclone. The extratropical remnants of Flo were last noted on the morning of September 22.

Tropical Storm Luke (1991) Pacific tropical storm in 1991

Tropical Storm Luke, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Pepang, was a short-lived tropical storm that brushed Japan during September 1991. Tropical Storm Luke formed from a disturbance that moved through the Northern Marianas and became a tropical depression on September 14 just to the west of the islands. The depression began to slowly intensify as it moved towards the west-northwest and Tropical Storm Luke was named on September 15. Luke reached peak intensity prior to recurving to the northeast and weakening due to increased shear. Tropical Storm Luke then paralleled the southeastern Japan coastline before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone. Overall, 12 people were killed and 23 others were injured. A total of 225 houses were destroyed while 52,662 others were flooded. There were reports of 644 landslides and roads were damaged at 418 locations. Rivers crested at 18 spots and six bridges were washed away. Greater than 40 domestic flights were cancelled. A total of 103 bullet trains were cancelled and 160 others delayed between Tokyo and Osaka, which left 315,000 people stranded. Additionally, 11,999 trains were halted in eastern and northern Japan, stranding 750,000 passengers. Two ships as well as 4,973 ha of farmland were damaged. Monetary damage totaled ¥24.2 billion yen (US$179 million).

Typhoon Yancy (1993) Pacific typhoon in 1993

Typhoon Yancy, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Tasing, was one of the costliest and most intense tropical cyclones to strike Japan on record. Yancy was the sixth typhoon of the annual typhoon season and sixth tropical cyclone overall to impact Japan that year. Developing out of an area of disturbed weather in the open northwest Pacific on August 29, 1993, the precursor to Yancy tracked westward and quickly intensified to reach tropical storm strength on August 30. Just two days later, the tropical storm reached typhoon intensity as it recurved towards the northeast. A period of rapid intensification followed, allowing Yancy to quickly reach super typhoon intensity. The strong tropical cyclone reached peak intensity on September 2 with maximum sustained winds of 175 km/h (110 mph). The following day Yancy made its first landfall on Iōjima at nearly the same strength; over the course of the day the typhoon would make three subsequent landfalls on Japanese islands. Land interaction forced the tropical cyclone to weaken, and after its final landfall on Hiroshima Prefecture, Yancy weakened below typhoon intensity. After emerging into the Sea of Japan, Yancy transitioned into an extratropical cyclone; these remnants persisted as they meandered in the sea before dissipating completely on September 7.

Typhoon Saomai (2000) Category 5 Pacific super typhoon in 2000

Typhoon Saomai, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Osang, was a long-tracked and intense tropical cyclone that brought flooding rainfall in Japan and the Korean peninsula in September 2000. The torrential precipitation in Japan was considered some of the worst in the past century.

Typhoon Khanun (2005) 2005 Pacific typhoon

Typhoon Khanun, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Kiko, was the strongest tropical cyclone to make landfall on Zhejiang Province since Wanda in 1956. Khanun developed from an area of convection east-southeast of Yap on September 5, thereafter tracking northwestward. The precursor reached tropical storm status on September 7 and typhoon intensity the next day. The tropical cyclone reached its peak intensity on September 10 with winds estimated at 155 km/h (100 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 945 mbar. After weakening slightly, Khanun moved ashore Zhejiang Province the next day, weakening further as it tracked over land. After recurving into the Yellow Sea on September 12, Khanun became extratropical; these remnants continued to track into the open North Pacific before they were last noted on September 16.

Typhoon Orchid (1991) Category 4 Pacific typhoon in 1991

Typhoon Orchid, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Sendang, was a long-lived typhoon that brushed Japan during October 1991. An area of disturbed weather formed near the Caroline Islands in early October. A mid-latitude cyclone weakened a subtropical ridge to its north, allowing the disturbance to slowly gain latitude, and on October 3, the system organized into a tropical depression. On the next day, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Orchid. Continuing to intensify, the cyclone strengthened into a typhoon on the morning of October 6. Typhoon Orchid tracked due westward south of subtropical ridge while rapidly intensifying, and on October 7, Orchid reached its peak intensity. Shortly after its peak, the typhoon began to recurve north as the ridge receded. After interacting with Typhoon Pat, Orchid weakened below typhoon intensity on October 12. After accelerating to the northwest while gradually weakening, Orchid transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on October 14.

Tropical Storm Winona (1990) Pacific tropical storm in 1990

Tropical Storm Winona struck Japan during August 1990. An area of disturbed weather developed within the monsoon trough, located over the East China Sea, on August 4. Despite the presence of strong wind shear, a tropical depression developed later that day. The depression initially tracked northeast, bypassing the southern tip of Kyushu. Thereafter, the depression turned southeast, and on August 6, was believed to have obtained tropical storm intensity. In response to a building subtropical ridge to its southeast, Winona veered north while gradually intensifying. On August 9, Winona peaked in intensity, and while near peak intensity, made landfall in Shizuoka Prefecture early the following morning. Winona transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on August 11, and was last observed on August 14.

Typhoon Zola Pacific typhoon in 1990

Typhoon Zola struck Japan during August 1990. An area of disturbed weather developed during mid-August to the west of Guam. The disturbance developed into a tropical depression on August 16 while tracking eastward. Decreased wind shear aided in intensification, and it is estimated that the depression strengthened into a tropical storm on August 17. Continuing to intensify, Zola turned northwest in response to a subtropical ridge to its east before obtaining typhoon intensity on August 20. Typhoon Zola reached its peak intensity the next day. After weakening slightly, the storm moved ashore on Honshu. On August 23, the system transitioned into an extratropical cyclone over the Sea of Japan.

Typhoon Page (1990) Pacific typhoon in 1990

Typhoon Page, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Tering, was the fourth tropical cyclone to strike Japan in three months and the sixth in 1990. An area of disturbed weather developed on November 5 near the International Date Line. For more than two weeks, the disturbance failed to develop appreciably while it tracked generally westward. The disturbance began to organize on November 17. Four days later, the disturbance was designated a tropical depression, and on November 22, the depression was classified as a tropical storm. After resuming a westward course, Page intensified into a typhoon on November 24. Page then entered a period of rapid deepening before plateauing in intensity early on November 26. Page turned northwest, north, and later northeast as it rounded a subtropical ridge. Because of the change in steering, Page began to encounter stronger wind shear, which resulted in a prolonged weakening trend. On November 30, Page, just offshore Honshu, weakened below typhoon intensity, and became an extratropical cyclone on the same day after making landfall in central Honshu.

Typhoon Kinna (1991) Pacific typhoon in 1991

Typhoon Kinna, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Neneng, was a mid-season typhoon that struck Japan during 1991. An area of disturbed weather formed within the Western Pacific monsoon trough during early September 1991. The disturbance was upgraded into a tropical depression on September 10 after an increase in organization. Tracking northwest due to a weak subtropical ridge to its north, the depression strengthened into a tropical storm at 00:00 UTC on September 11. Later that day, Kinna was upgraded into a severe tropical storm. Following the development of a poorly defined eye, Kinna was upgraded into a typhoon on September 12. The cyclone turned north in response to a trough and passed through Okinawa as a minimal typhoon. Typhoon Kinna obtained peak intensity on September 13, but thereafter, Kinna accelerated north-northeastward toward Kyushu, passing over the island that day at peak intensity. Typhoon Kinna rapidly transitioned into an extratropical low as it tracked along the northern coast of Honshu. Its extratropical remnants were last noted on the evening of September 16. Even though most of the damage occurred on Kyushu and on western Honshu, the typhoon was the most destructive tropical cyclone to strike Okinawa since 1987, and was also the first of typhoon intensity to pass directly over the island since Typhoon Vera in 1986. Nationwide, 11 people were killed and 94 others suffered injuries. Nearly 50,000 customers lost power. Close to 150 domestic flights were cancelled, which left 26,000 travelers stranded. A total of 382 houses were destroyed while 2,586 others were flooded. There were 213 landslides and 9 bridges were washed out. Nearly 70 ships along with 47 roads and 875 ha (2,160 acres) of farmland were damaged. In all, damage was estimated at ¥51.1 billion.

Tropical Storm Irving (1992) Pacific tropical storm in 1992

Tropical Storm Irving, known in the Philippines as Tropical Depression Edeng, was an early-season tropical cyclone that struck southern Japan during August 1992. A distinct but weak low-pressure area developed within the Western Pacific monsoon trough. A tropical depression formed on July 31, and following an increase in both organization and thunderstorm activity, the depression attained tropical storm intensity on the morning of August 2. After tracking west-northwest and then north, Irving turned to the northeast, and attained peak intensity a day later. In response to a subtropical ridge to the north, the system began to track west-northwestward, and made landfall at maximum intensity over southwestern Shikoku at peak intensity. Irving turned sharply to the west and rapidly weakened, dissipating over the Korea Strait at noon on August 5.

Typhoon Janis (1992) Japanese Category 4 typhoon

Typhoon Janis, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Gloring, was an early-season typhoon that struck Japan during August 1992. An area of disturbed weather formed near Pohnpei in late-July 1992, and after an increase in thunderstorm activity, a tropical depression developed on August 3. After passing near Guam, Janis tracked generally westward, and on August 5, the storm was believed to have attained typhoon intensity. After intensifying at a brisk pace, Janis attained peak intensity on August 6 near Okinawa. Thereafter, the typhoon began to weaken and accelerate as it recurved towards Kyushu, where it made landfall on the next day. Land interaction took its toll on the typhoon as it tracked northeast, paralleling the western coast of Honshu. On August 9, Janis transitioned into an extratropical low over Hokkaido.

Typhoon Kent (1992) Pacific typhoon in 1992

Typhoon Kent was a mid-season typhoon that struck southern Japan during August 1992. An area of convection developed east of the International Date Line. Tracking west-northwestward, a tropical depression developed on August 5, and the next day, intensified into a tropical storm. On August 8, increased vertical wind shear caused convection to decrease, although Kent strengthened into a typhoon on the next day. An eye then appeared as conditions aloft became more conducive, and on August 11, Kent attained its peak intensity. Under the influence of a subtropical ridge located to its north, the typhoon initially continued to move west-northwestward before turning towards Kyushu. The storm steadily weakened prior to making landfall on August 18 just below typhoon intensity. The mountainous terrain of Japan accelerated the weakening trend, and on August 20, Kent dissipated.

Tropical Storm Percy (1993)

Tropical Storm Percy, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Miling, was an early-season tropical cyclone that passed through Japan during July 1993. An area of disturbed weather developed in the Philippine Sea on July 26. Gradual development ensued and on July 27, the disturbance was classified as a tropical depression. The following morning, the depression was upgraded into Tropical Storm Percy. Moving north-northwest, Percy slowly deepened and obtained its peak intensity of 115 km/h (70 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 975 mbar (28.79 inHg). Late on July 29, Percy passed over Kyushu and began to weaken. Percy was downgraded to a tropical depression on July 30 and dissipated completely two days later.

Typhoon Robyn (1993) Category 4 Pacific typhoon

Typhoon Robyn, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Openg, was a mid-season tropical cyclone that brushed Japan during August 1993. Typhoon Robyn originated from a near equatorial monsoon trough in the eastern Caroline Islands in late July. Tracking west-northwest, a tropical depression developed on August 1, and became a tropical storm the next day. Following an increase in organization, Robyn obtained typhoon intensity on August 5. The typhoon briefly tracked west before veering to the northwest while intensifying. On August 7, Robyn attained its peak intensity of 160 km/h (100 mph), with a barometric pressure of 940 mbar (27.8 inHg). After passing through the Ryukyu Islands, Robyn skirted past western Kyushu on August 9 while steadily weakening. Midday on August 10, Robyn lost typhoon intensity over the Sea of Japan. The next day, the system was declared an extratropical cyclone.

Tropical Storm Ofelia (1993)

Tropical Storm Ofelia, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Luming, was an early-season tropical cyclone that passed south Japan during July 1993. An area of disturbed weather developed from the Western Pacific monsoon trough in late July 1993. The disturbance organized into a tropical depression on July 24, and the next day developed into a tropical storm. Tracking west-northwestward, Ofelia slowly deepened and attained its peak intensity of 80 km/h (50 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 994 mbar (29.4 inHg) at noon on July 26. On the next day, the storm made landfall shorty before weakening to a tropical depression. On July 27, Ofelia transitioned into an extratropical cyclone.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Padgett, Gary; Boyle, Kevin; Chunliang, Huang (May 2003). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary May 2003". Summaries and Track Data. Australiansevereweather.com. Retrieved 6 October 2013.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Furze, Peter; Preble, Amanda (2003). 2003 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF). JTWC Annual Tropical Cyclone Report (Report). Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: Joint Typhoon Warning Center/United States Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center. pp. 82–91. Retrieved 6 October 2013.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Regional Specialized Meteorological Center – Tokyo (2003). Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo – Typhoon Center 2003 (PDF) (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. p. 26. Retrieved 6 October 2013.
  4. ↑ "Up to 30 people still missing in ferry collision in Philippines". Manila, Philippines. Deutsche Presse-Agentur. May 27, 2003.
  5. 1 2 "Tropical storm Linfa hits northern Philippines, killing three". Channel NewsAsia. Singapore Pte Ltd. May 27, 2003.
  6. ↑ "Two dead as tropical storm Linfa hits northern Philippines". Manila, Philippines. Agence France Presse. May 27, 2003.
  7. ↑ "Infant killed in landslide as storm lashes northern Philippines". Manila, Philippines. Deutsche Presse-Agentur. May 27, 2003.
  8. ↑ "ROUNDUP: At least six killed as storm lashes northern Philippines". Manila, Philippines. Deutsche Presse-Agentur. May 27, 2003.
  9. ↑ Dartmouth College. "Northern Philippines - Heavy rains from Tropical Storm Linfa - Flooding and mudslides". Hanover, New Hampshire: Dartmouth Flood Observatory. Archived from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
  10. ↑ Agence France-Pese (May 30, 2003). "Linfa death toll rises to 34 in the Philippines". Manila, Philippines: ReliefWeb. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  11. ↑ "ROUNDUP: Death toll in tropical storm in Philippines rises to 15". Manila, Philippines. Deutsche Presse-Agentur. May 27, 2003.
  12. ↑ "State of calamity declared in northern Philippines". Manila, Philippines. Xinhua News Agency. May 29, 2013.
  13. 1 2 UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (May 30, 2003). Philippines - Tropical Storm Linfa OCHA Situation Report No. 1. OCHA Situation Report (Report). ReliefWeb. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
  14. ↑ Government of the Philippines (May 29, 2003). Philippines: GMA announces help to typhoon-hit Urdaneta (Report). Urdaneta, Philippines: ReliefWeb. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
  15. ↑ UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (June 5, 2003). Philippines - Tropical Storm Linfa OCHA Situation Report No. 2. OCHA Situation Report (Report). ReliefWeb. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  16. ↑ Japan Economic Newswire (May 30, 2003). "Typhoon Linfa gaining speed on approach to Kyushu, Shikoku". Tokyo, Japan. Kyodo News Service.
  17. 1 2 "Typhoon Linfa downgraded to temperate depression, bringing heavy rainfall". Tokyo, Japan. Agence France Presse. May 31, 2003.
  18. 1 2 3 Japan Economic Newswire (May 31, 2003). "Typhoon weakens into temperate depression". Tokyo, Japan. Kyodo News Service.
  19. ↑ "Tropical storm hits Japan bringing floods, disrupting transport". Tokyo, Japan. Associated Press. May 30, 2003.
  20. 1 2 3 KITAMOTO Asanobu. "Digital Typhoon: Typhoon 200304 (LINFA) - Disaster Information". Digital Typhoon Weather Disaster Database (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
  21. ↑ KITAMOTO Asanobu. "Digital Typhoon: Weather Disaster Report (2003-887-06)". Digital Typhoon Weather Disaster Database (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
  22. ↑ KITAMOTO Asanobu. "Digital Typhoon: Weather Disaster Report (2003-893-04)". Digital Typhoon Weather Disaster Database (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
  23. ↑ KITAMOTO Asanobu. "Digital Typhoon: Weather Disaster Report (2003-895-06)". Digital Typhoon Weather Disaster Database (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
  24. ↑ KITAMOTO Asanobu. "Digital Typhoon: Weather Disaster Report (2003-777-03)". Digital Typhoon Weather Disaster Database (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
  25. ↑ KITAMOTO Asanobu. "Digital Typhoon: Weather Disaster Report (2003-651-03)". Digital Typhoon Weather Disaster Database (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
  26. ↑ KITAMOTO Asanobu. "Digital Typhoon: Weather Disaster Report (2003-772-05)". Digital Typhoon Weather Disaster Database (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
  27. ↑ KITAMOTO Asanobu. "Digital Typhoon: Weather Disaster Report (2003-770-06)". Digital Typhoon Weather Disaster Database (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
  28. ↑ KITAMOTO Asanobu. "Digital Typhoon: Weather Disaster Report (2003-670-04)". Digital Typhoon Weather Disaster Database (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
  29. ↑ KITAMOTO Asanobu. "Digital Typhoon: Weather Disaster Report (2003-615-06)". Digital Typhoon Weather Disaster Database (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
  30. ↑ KITAMOTO Asanobu. "Digital Typhoon: Weather Disaster Report (2003-590-05)". Digital Typhoon Weather Disaster Database (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
  31. ↑ KITAMOTO Asanobu. "Digital Typhoon: Weather Disaster Report (2003-746-03)". Digital Typhoon Weather Disaster Database (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
  32. ↑ KITAMOTO Asanobu. "Digital Typhoon: Weather Disaster Report (2003-815-02)". Digital Typhoon Weather Disaster Database (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
  33. ↑ KITAMOTO Asanobu. "Digital Typhoon: Weather Disaster Report (2003-827-12)". Digital Typhoon Weather Disaster Database (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
  34. ↑ KITAMOTO Asanobu. "Digital Typhoon: Weather Disaster Report (2003-830-02)". Digital Typhoon Weather Disaster Database (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
  35. ↑ KITAMOTO Asanobu. "Digital Typhoon: Weather Disaster Report (2003-817-05)". Digital Typhoon Weather Disaster Database (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
  36. ↑ KITAMOTO Asanobu. "Digital Typhoon: Weather Disaster Report (2003-615-06)". Digital Typhoon Weather Disaster Database (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
  37. ↑ KITAMOTO Asanobu. "Digital Typhoon: Weather Disaster Report (2003-632-04)". Digital Typhoon Weather Disaster Database (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
  38. ↑ KITAMOTO Asanobu. "Digital Typhoon: Weather Disaster Report (2003-761-06)". Digital Typhoon Weather Disaster Database (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.