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Troyes | |
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Prefecture and commune | |
Coordinates: 48°17′59″N4°04′45″E / 48.2997°N 4.0792°E | |
Country | France |
Region | Grand Est |
Department | Aube |
Arrondissement | Troyes |
Canton | Troyes-1 Troyes-2 Troyes-3 Troyes-4 Troyes-5 |
Intercommunality | CA Troyes Champagne Métropole |
Government | |
• Mayor (2020–2026) | François Baroin [1] (LR) |
Area 1 | 13.2 km2 (5.1 sq mi) |
Population (2021) [2] | 62,782 |
• Density | 4,800/km2 (12,000/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
INSEE/Postal code | 10387 /10000 |
Elevation | 100–126 m (328–413 ft) (avg. 118 m or 387 ft) |
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. |
Troyes (French pronunciation: [tʁwa] ) is a commune and the capital of the department of Aube in the Grand Est region of north-central France. It is located on the Seine river about 140 km (87 mi) south-east of Paris. Troyes is situated within the Champagne wine region and is near the Orient Forest Regional Natural Park.
Troyes had a population of 61,996 inhabitants in 2018. It is the center of the Communauté d'agglomération Troyes Champagne Métropole, which was home to 170,145 inhabitants.
Troyes developed as early as the Roman era, when it was known as Augustobona Tricassium. It stood at the hub of numerous highways, primarily the Via Agrippa. The city has a rich historical past, from the Tricasses tribe to the liberation of the city on 25 August 1944 during the Second World War, including the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains, the Council of Troyes, the marriage of Henry V and Catherine of France, and the Champagne fairs to which merchants came from all over Christendom. The city has a rich architectural and urban heritage: many buildings are protected as historical monuments, including the half-timbered houses (mainly of the 16th century) that survived in the old town. They have contributed to Troyes being designated as a City of Art and History.
Manufacturing of textiles, developed from the 18th century onwards, was a chief part of Troyes' economy until the 1960s. Today, Troyes is the European capital of factory outlets and trading, and has three brand centers.
Prehistoric evidence found in the Troyes area suggests that the settlement may have developed as early as 600 BC. Celtic grave-mounds have been found near the city, and Celtic artifacts have been excavated within the city grounds. [3]
In the Roman era, Troyes was known as Augustobona Tricassium. Numerous highways intersected here, primarily the Via Agrippa, which led north to Reims and south to Langres, and eventually to Milan. [4] Other Roman routes from Troyes led to Poitiers, Autun and Orléans. [5]
It was the civitas of the Tricasses people, [6] whom Augustus separated from the Senones. Of the Gallo-Roman city of the early Roman Empire, some scattered remains have been found, but no public monuments, other than traces of an aqueduct. By the late Empire the settlement had reduced in extent. It was referred to as Tricassium or Tricassae, the origin of French Troyes.
From the fourth century AD, the people had become Christian and the Church made the city the seat of a bishop. The legend of its bishop Lupus (Loup), who allegedly saved the city from Attila in 451 by offering himself as hostage, is hagiographic rather than historical. [7] A disciple of Saint Lupus, Aventinus (Saint Aventin of Troyes, died 537) founded a monastery at Troyes. [8] It was several centuries before Troyes gained importance as a medieval centre of commerce.
The Battle of the Catalaunian Plains, also called the Battle of Troyes, took place nearby in 451 AD: the Roman general Flavius Aetius and the Visigothic king Theodoric I fought against Attila.
The early cathedral occupied the site of the current one. Here Louis the Stammerer in 878 received the crown of West Francia from Pope John VIII. At the end of the ninth century, following depredations of the city by Normans, the counts of Champagne chose Troyes as their capital. It remained the capital of the Province of Champagne until the Revolution of the late eighteenth century. The Abbey of Saint-Loup developed a renowned library and scriptorium.
During the Middle Ages, Troyes functioned as an important international trading town. It was the namesake of troy weight for gold - a standard of measurement developed here. [9] The Champagne cloth fairs and the revival of long-distance trade, together with new extension of coinage and credit, were the drivers of the medieval economy of Troyes.
In 1285, when King Philip the Fair united Champagne to the French royal domain, the town kept a number of its traditional privileges. John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy and ally of the English during the Hundred Years War, in 1417 worked to have Troyes designated as the capital of France. He came to an understanding with Isabeau of Bavaria, wife of King Charles VI of France, for the establishment at Troyes of a court, council, and parlement with comptroller's offices.
On 21 May 1420, the Treaty of Troyes was signed in this city, still under control of the Burgundians, by which King Henry V of England was betrothed to Catherine, daughter of Charles VI. Under the terms of the treaty, Henry V, rather than the Dauphin, was to succeed Charles as King of France. The high-water mark of Plantagenet hegemony in France was reversed in 1429 when the Dauphin (afterwards King Charles VII) and Joan of Arc re-established French control of the town of Troyes by armed conflict (Siege of Troyes).
The great fire of 1524 destroyed much of the medieval city, although the city had numerous canals separating sections.
Not having suffered from the last wars, Troyes has a high density of old religious buildings grouped close to the city centre. They include:
Several Troyes churches have sculpture by The Maître de Chaource.
The Rashi Synagogue is a Jewish Synagogue on 5 rue Brunneval.
Climate data for Troyes (1991–2020 averages) | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 16.2 (61.2) | 22.1 (71.8) | 26.1 (79.0) | 29.2 (84.6) | 33.3 (91.9) | 38.4 (101.1) | 41.8 (107.2) | 40.6 (105.1) | 35.0 (95.0) | 30.3 (86.5) | 23.0 (73.4) | 19.0 (66.2) | 41.8 (107.2) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.8 (44.2) | 8.2 (46.8) | 12.5 (54.5) | 16.2 (61.2) | 19.9 (67.8) | 23.5 (74.3) | 26.2 (79.2) | 26.0 (78.8) | 21.6 (70.9) | 16.6 (61.9) | 10.6 (51.1) | 7.4 (45.3) | 16.3 (61.3) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.5 (32.9) | 0.3 (32.5) | 2.2 (36.0) | 4.2 (39.6) | 8.1 (46.6) | 11.3 (52.3) | 13.4 (56.1) | 13.2 (55.8) | 9.8 (49.6) | 7.2 (45.0) | 3.5 (38.3) | 1.3 (34.3) | 6.3 (43.3) |
Record low °C (°F) | −23.0 (−9.4) | −17.6 (0.3) | −15.4 (4.3) | −6.2 (20.8) | −2.0 (28.4) | 0.4 (32.7) | 3.1 (37.6) | 3.0 (37.4) | −0.4 (31.3) | −7.0 (19.4) | −11.1 (12.0) | −18.0 (−0.4) | −23.0 (−9.4) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 48.2 (1.90) | 44.2 (1.74) | 45.9 (1.81) | 48.3 (1.90) | 64.9 (2.56) | 52.4 (2.06) | 56.4 (2.22) | 53.9 (2.12) | 52.4 (2.06) | 63.8 (2.51) | 55.3 (2.18) | 58.9 (2.32) | 644.6 (25.38) |
Average precipitation days | 10.5 | 9.7 | 9.5 | 9.4 | 10.2 | 8.7 | 7.9 | 7.7 | 7.9 | 9.7 | 10.2 | 11.5 | 112.9 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 63.1 | 90.4 | 148.3 | 190.0 | 216.4 | 230.8 | 242.2 | 232.0 | 185.7 | 125.4 | 69.8 | 57.4 | 1,851.4 |
Source: Météo France [10] [11] |
The inhabitants of the commune are called Troyens.
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Source: EHESS [12] and INSEE (1968–2021) [13] |
Troyes is home to the production headquarters of Lacoste company, a popular clothing brand. It is also home of chocolatier Pascal Caffet. [14]
The University of Technology of Troyes and the business school Groupe École supérieure de commerce de Troyes are located in Troyes.
The train station Gare de Troyes offers connections to Paris, Dijon, Mulhouse and several regional destinations. Troyes is at the junction of motorways A5 (Paris – Troyes – Langres) and A26 (Calais – Reims – Troyes). Troyes – Barberey Airport is a small regional airport.
Troyes is the home of association football club Troyes AC, or ESTAC. In the 2020–21 Ligue 2 season, Troyes were promoted back to Ligue 1 as champions of the division.
Reims is the most populous city in the French department of Marne, and the 12th most populous city in France. The city lies 129 km (80 mi) northeast of Paris on the Vesle river, a tributary of the Aisne.
Aube is a French department in the Grand Est region of north-eastern France. As with sixty departments in France, this department is named after a river: the Aube. With 310,242 inhabitants (2019), Aube is the 74th department in terms of population. The inhabitants of the department are known as Aubois or Auboises.
Châlons-en-Champagne is a city in the Grand Est region of France. It is the capital of the department of Marne, despite being only a quarter the size of the city of Reims.
Provins is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. Known for its well-preserved medieval architecture and importance throughout the Middle Ages as an economic center and a host of annual trading fairs, Provins became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2001.
Arcis-sur-Aube is a commune in the Aube department in the Grand Est region of north-central France.
Saint-Flour is a commune in the south-central French department of Cantal, approximately 100 km south of Clermont-Ferrand. Its inhabitants are called Sanflorains.
Bar-sur-Seine is a commune in the Aube department in the Grand Est region of north-central France.
The "Treasure of Pouan" consists of a number of gold and garnet cloisonné jewels and ornaments, buried with a skeleton uncovered in 1842 at Pouan-les-Vallées and identified as the burial of a 5th-century Germanic warrior. Although the warrior had in the past been identified as that of Theodoric I, modern historians generally believe that this is unlikely. The find is now housed in the Musée Saint-Loup, Troyes.
Avançon is a commune in the Ardennes département in the Grand Est region of northern France.
Bérulle is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.
Iffendic is a commune in the department of Ille-et-Vilaine in Brittany. It is located in the North West of France.
Saint-Loup-en-Champagne is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France.
Barberey-Saint-Sulpice is a commune in the Aube department in the Grand Est region of north-central France.
Auxon is a commune in the Aube département in the Grand Est region of north-eastern France.
The Abbey of Saint-Loup is a religious building near Troyes in Champagne, France. It was established in the ninth century to shelter the relics of bishop Lupus of Troyes, Saint Loup, the legendary defender of the city against Attila in the 5th century and patron of the city. The monastic community was reformed in 1135 by Bernard of Clairvaux, when the abbot and his monks embraced the Rule of Saint Augustine and became Canons Regular. The Abbaye Saint-Loup, which came to be enclosed within the burgeoning medieval city of Troyes, developed a renowned library and scriptorium. The famous poet Chrétien de Troyes may have been a canon of this monastic house.
The Musée des beaux-arts de Troyes is one of the two main art and archaeology museums in Troyes, France – the other is the Musée d'art moderne de Troyes. From 1831, it has been housed in the former Abbey of Saint Loup.
Jules Édouard Valtat, who was born August 7, 1838, in Troyes and died for his country during the Siege of Paris in January 1871, was a French sculptor.
The Basilique Saint-Urbain de Troyes, formerly the Église Saint-Urbain, is a massive medieval church in the city of Troyes, France. It was a collegial church, endowed in 1262 by Pope Urban IV. It is a classic example of late 13th century Gothic architecture. The builders encountered resistance from the nuns of the nearby abbey, who caused considerable damage during construction. Much of the building took place in the 13th century, and some of the stained glass dates to that period, but completion of the church was delayed for many years due to war or lack of funding. Statuary includes excellent examples of the 16th century Troyes school. The vaulted roof and the west facade were only completed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It has been listed since 1840 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Troyes, France.
The Rashi Synagogue is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located on 5 rue Brunneval in Troyes, Grand Est, France. The synagogue is named after the medieval rabbi and biblical commentator Rashi, who was born and died in Troyes. A Sephardic synagogue, it is a member of the Consistoire central israélite de France. The site includes a museum, the Rashi House, a cultural center, and a library. The European University Rashi Institute,, located opposite the synagogue, is a research institute independent of the synagogue focused on Jewish studies, Semitic studies, and Monotheism.
Saint Aventin de Troyes (Aventinus, 4 février) Ermite natif de Bourges, attiré en Champagne par la réputation de saint Loup de Troyes († 479). Il avait installé à Troyes une communauté monastique. En 525, il racheta de l'esclavage Fidole (saint Phal), à qui il confia son monastère, et il se retira en ermite a l'Isle-au-Mont, ou il mourut en 537.