The US vs. USSR radio chess match 1945 was a chess match between the United States and the USSR that was conducted over the radio from September 1 to September 4, 1945. [1] The ten leading masters of the United States played the ten leading masters of the Soviet Union (except for Paul Keres) for chess supremacy. The match was played by radio and was a two-game head-to-head match between the teams. The time control was 40 moves in 2+1⁄2 hours and 16 moves per hour after that. Moves were transmitted using the Uedemann Code. [2] It took an average of 5 minutes to transmit a move. The US team played at the Henry Hudson Hotel in New York. The Soviet team met at the Central Club of Art Masters in Moscow. The USSR team won the match 15+1⁄2–4+1⁄2.
This result was met with astonishment around the chess world, since the US had won four straight Chess Olympiads from 1931 to 1937; however, the Soviet Union had not competed in those tournaments. The Soviet program for producing a new generation of chess masters, originated and supervised by Nikolai Krylenko from the early 1930s, clearly was paying dividends. From 1945 onwards, Soviet players would dominate international chess for most of the rest of the 20th century. The radio match proved a watershed and a changing of the guard in the chess world. [3]
Other radio matches took place around this time.
The matchup and results are in this table. Scores are from a Soviet point of view: "1" for a Soviet win, "0" for an American win and "½" for a drawn game. [4] [5] [6]
Board | Soviet Union | Game 1 | Game 2 | United States | Result (USSR–US) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Mikhail Botvinnik | 1 | 1 | Arnold Denker | 2–0 |
2 | Vasily Smyslov | 1 | 1 | Samuel Reshevsky | 2–0 |
3 | Isaac Boleslavsky | 1⁄2 | 1 | Reuben Fine | 1½–½ |
4 | Salo Flohr | 1 | 0 | I.A. Horowitz | 1–1 |
5 | Alexander Kotov | 1 | 1 | Isaac Kashdan | 2–0 |
6 | Igor Bondarevsky | 0 | 1⁄2 | Herman Steiner | ½–1+1⁄2 |
7 | Andor Lilienthal | 1⁄2 | 1⁄2 | Albert Pinkus | 1–1 |
8 | Viacheslav Ragozin | 1 | 1 | Herbert Seidman | 2–0 |
9 | Vladimir Makogonov | 1 | 1⁄2 | Abraham Kupchik | 1½–½ |
10 | David Bronstein | 1 | 1 | Anthony Santasiere | 2–0 |
Total | 15½–4+1⁄2 |
Nine of ten Americans and six of ten Soviets were Jewish. [7] [8]
The match featured most of the leading players in the world: including the first, second and equal third placegetters at the 1948 World Championship (Botvinnik, Smyslov, Reshevsky); Fine, who declined his invitation to the 1948 Championship; and the top two placegetters in the 1950 Candidates tournament (Bronstein and Boleslavsky).
The following players were reservists in the U.S. team, to be called on, in the order given, if any of the primary team are unable to compete: Alexander Kevitz, Robert Willman, Jacob Levin, George Shainswit, Weaver W. Adams, Edward Lasker, Fred Reinfeld, Edward S. Jackson, Jr., Samuel Factor, and Martin C. Stark. [9] The Soviet reserves were: Alexander Konstantinopolsky, Vitaly Chekhover, Iosif Rudakovsky, and Peter Romanovsky. [10]
The USSR also won these matches:
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: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)David Ionovich Bronstein was a Soviet chess player. Awarded the title of International Grandmaster by FIDE in 1950, he narrowly missed becoming World Chess Champion in 1951. Bronstein was one of the world's strongest players from the mid-1940s into the mid-1970s, and was described by his peers as a creative genius and master of tactics. He was also a renowned chess writer; his book Zurich International Chess Tournament 1953 is widely considered one of the greatest chess books ever written.
Mikhail Moiseyevich Botvinnik was a Soviet and Russian chess grandmaster who held five world titles in three different reigns. The sixth World Chess Champion, he also worked as an electrical engineer and computer scientist and was a pioneer in computer chess. He also had a mathematics degree (honorary).
Paul Keres was an Estonian chess grandmaster and chess writer. He was among the world's top players from the mid-1930s to the mid-1960s, and narrowly missed a chance at a World Chess Championship match on five occasions. As Estonia was repeatedly invaded and occupied during World War II, Keres was forced by the circumstances to represent the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany (1941–44) in international tournaments.
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chess player. Several openings variations are named after Janowski.
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Herman Steiner was an American chess player, organizer, and columnist. He won the U.S. Chess Championship in 1948 and became International Master in 1950. Even more important than his playing career were his efforts promoting chess in the U.S., particularly on the West Coast. An exemplar of the Romantic School of chess, Steiner was a successor to the American chess tradition of Paul Morphy, Harry Nelson Pillsbury, and Frank Marshall.
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The below is a list of events in chess in the year 1945.
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