Ubangi-Shari

Last updated

7°N20°E / 7°N 20°E / 7; 20

Contents

Ubangi-Shari
Oubangui-Chari (French)
1903–1960
Flag of France.svg
Flag
Coat of arms of the Central African Republic (1958-1963).svg
Coat of arms
(1958–1960)
Anthem: "La Marseillaise"
Ubangi-shari map.png
  •   Before 1916
  •   After 1916
StatusColony of France
Capital
Official language French
Commonly spoken
Sango
Demonym(s) Ubangi-Sharian
Commissioner General  
 1903
Charles Noufflard  [ fr ]
 1958–1960
Yvon Bourges
Prime Minister  
 1958–1959
Barthélemy Boganda
 1959
Abel Goumba
 1959–1960
David Dacko
Establishment
 Established
29 December 1903
15 January 1910
12 April 1916
30 June 1934
31 December 1937
  Autonomy as CAR
1 December 1958
13 August 1960
Currency
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Blank.png French Congo
Central African Republic Blank.png
Today part of CAR

Ubangi-Shari (French : Oubangui-Chari) was a French colony in central Africa, a part of French Equatorial Africa. It was named after the Ubangi and Chari rivers along which it was colonised. It was established on 29 December 1903, from the Upper Ubangi (Haut-Oubangui) and Upper Shari (Haut-Chari) territories of the French Congo; renamed the Central African Republic (CAR) on 1 December 1958; and received independence on 13 August 1960. [1]

History

French activity in the area began in 1889 with the establishment of the outpost Bangi at the head of navigation on the Ubangi.

The Upper Ubangi was established as part of the French Congo on 9 December 1891. Despite a France-Congo Free State convention establishing a border around the 4th parallel, the area was contested from 1892 to 1895 with the Congo Free State, which claimed the region as its territory of Ubangi-Bomu (Oubangui-Bomou). The Upper Ubangi was a separate colony from 13 July 1894 until 10 December 1899, at which time it was folded back into the French Congo. The Upper Shari region was established as part of the French Congo on 5 September 1900. [1] That same year the Company of the Upper Ubangi Sultanates took over 140,000 km2 of Upper Ubangi as a concession. [2]

The territories were united as the separate colony of Ubangi-Shari on 29 December 1903, [1] following the French defeat of Abbas II of Egypt, who had claimed the area.[ citation needed ] On 11 February 1906, this colony merged with the French settlements around Lake Chad and became the Ubangi-Shari territory of Ubangi-Shari-Chad (Oubangui-Chari-Tchad). [1] In 1909, it received the administration over the sultanates of Zemio and Rafai from the Belgian Congo. [3]

On 15 January 1910, this administration was merged with French Congo and Gabon as the Ubangi-Shari area of French Equatorial Africa (FEA). On 12 April 1916, it again became the separate colony of Ubangi-Shari, but in 1920 lost the territory around Lake Chad, and on 30 June 1934, was again folded into FEA. As a part of FEA, it was declared an overseas territory on 31 December 1937. [1]

Between 1915 and 1931, stamps were overprinted for use in Ubangi-Shari, and later specially printed for the colony.

During World War II, it remained loyal to Vichy France from 16 June to 29 August 1940, before being taken by the Free French. It was granted autonomy as the Central African Republic on 1 December 1958, and independence under the same name on 13 August 1960. [1]

Concession systems and atrocities

Ubangi-Shari had a similar concession system as the Congo Free State and similar atrocities were also committed there. French author and Nobel laureate André Gide travelled to Ubangi-Shari and was told by inhabitants about atrocities including mutilations, dismemberments, executions, the burning of children, and villagers being forcibly bound to large beams and made to walk until dropping from exhaustion and thirst. [4]

The book "Travels to Congo" by Gide, published in 1927 describes the horrors of the concession companies in French Equatorial Africa. The book had an important impact on the anti-colonialist movement in France. [5] The number of victims under the French concession system in Ubangi-Shari and other parts of French Equatorial Africa remains unknown.

See also

Rivers and navigable waterways of Ubangi-Shari, 1931 Oubangui-Chari. Portions navigables des cours d'eau - btv1b84589943.jpg
Rivers and navigable waterways of Ubangi-Shari, 1931
Soldiers of the Forces Francaises Libres near Bangui, 1940 Soldiers of the Forces Francaises Libres near Bangui.jpg
Soldiers of the Forces Françaises Libres near Bangui, 1940

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of the Central African Republic</span>

The history of the Central African Republic is roughly composed of four distinct periods. The earliest period of settlement began around 10,000 years ago when nomadic people first began to settle, farm and fish in the region. The next period began around 10,000 years prior.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">French Equatorial Africa</span> Federation of French colonies in central Africa (1910–58)

French Equatorial Africa was a federation of French colonial territories in Equatorial Africa which consisted of Gabon, French Congo, Ubangi-Shari, and Chad. It existed from 1910 to 1958 and its administration was based in Brazzaville.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ubangi River</span> Tributary of the Congo River

The Ubangi River, also spelled Oubangui, is a river in Central Africa, and the largest right-bank tributary of the Congo River. It begins at the confluence of the Mbomou and Uele Rivers and flows west, forming the border between Central African Republic (CAR) and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Subsequently, the Ubangi bends to the southwest and passes through Bangui, the capital of the CAR, after which it flows south – forming the border between the DRC and the Republic of the Congo. The Ubangi finally joins the Congo River at Liranga.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Prefectures of the Central African Republic</span>

Since 10 December 2020, The Central African Republic is administratively divided into 20 prefectures and the capital city of Bangui, which is an autonomous commune.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Postage stamps and postal history of Ubangi-Shari</span>

Ubangi-Shari was a French colony in central Africa which later became the independent country of the Central African Republic on August 13, 1960. It followed the establishment of the Bangui outpost in 1889, and was named in 1894.

Each "article" in this category is a collection of entries about several stamp issuers, presented in alphabetical order. The entries are formulated on the micro model and so provide summary information about all known issuers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">French Chad</span> French colony between 1900 and 1960

Chad was a part of the French colonial empire from 1900 to 1960. Colonial rule under the French began in 1900 when the Military Territory of Chad was established. From 1905, Chad was linked to the federation of French colonial possessions in Middle Africa, known from 1910 under the name of French Equatorial Africa. Chad passed in 1920 to French civilian administration, but suffered from chronic neglect.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Postage stamps and postal history of Chad</span>

This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Chad.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Administrative divisions of Chad</span>

The administrative divisions of Chad have often changed since 1900, when the territory was first created by France as part of its colonial empire, with the name Territoire Militaire des pays et protectorats du Tchad. The first subdivision took place in 1910, when 9 circumscriptions were made, named départements (departments) in 1935 and régions (regions) in 1947. As for the regions, they were further divided in districts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abiras</span> 1903–1906 French colonial capital of Ubangi-Shari

Abiras is a former settlement that was located on the northern bank of the Ubangi River at its source, the confluence of the Mbomou and Welle rivers. It was located opposite from the Congolese city of Yakoma in the area of the present-day Central African Republic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neukamerun</span> German colonial territory ceded by France in 1911

Neukamerun was the name of Central African territories ceded by the Third French Republic to the German Empire in 1911. Upon taking office in 1907, Theodor Seitz, governor of Kamerun, advocated the acquisition of territories from the French Congo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Postage stamps and postal history of the Republic of the Congo</span>

This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of the Republic of the Congo, a former French colony known as Middle Congo or French Congo, and now often known simply as The Congo.

The Company of the Upper Ubangi Sultanates was a concessionary company in the colony of Ubangi-Shari between 1899 and 1927. It was founded by ten European shareholders and received from the French government a 140,000 km2 territory to administer and exploit.

Travels in the Congo is a travel diary by the French author André Gide. It was published 1927 by Gallimard in France. It is often published together with another one of his travel diaries called Return from Chad.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Central African Republic–Chad border</span> International border

The Central African Republic–Chad border is 1,556 km (987 mi) in length and runs from the tripoint with Cameroon in the west, to the tripoint with Sudan in the east.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cameroon–Chad border</span> International border

The Cameroon–Chad border is 1,116 km in length and runs from the tripoint with Nigeria in the north, to the tripoint with the Central African Republic in the south.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cameroon–Central African Republic border</span> International border

The Cameroon–Central African Republic border is 901 km (560 mi) in length and runs from the tripoint with Chad in the north to the tripoint with the Republic of the Congo in the south.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Central African Republic–Republic of the Congo border</span> International border

The Central African Republic–Republic of the Congo border is 487 km in length and runs from the tripoint with Cameroon in the west to the tripoint with the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the east.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 World Statesmen. "Central African Republic Archived 2020-05-13 at the Wayback Machine ." Accessed 29 Mar 2014.
  2. Richard Bradshaw and Juan Fandos-Rius, Historical Dictionary of the Central African Republic (Scarecrow Press, 2016), p. 176.
  3. World History at KMLA. "Central African Republic Archived 2020-02-03 at the Wayback Machine ". Accessed 29 Mar 2014.
  4. Nossiter, Adam (2014-01-10). "Colonial Ghosts Continue to Haunt France". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2023-02-14. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
  5. Voyage au Congo suivi du Retour du Tchad Archived 16 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine, in Lire, July–August 1995 (in French)