Bruno Paulin Gaston Paris was a French literary historian,philologist,and scholar specialized in Romance studies and medieval French literature. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1901,1902,and 1903.
A number of alleged relics associated with Jesus have been displayed throughout the history of Christianity. While some individuals believe in the authenticity of Jesus relics,others doubt their validity. For instance,the sixteenth-century philosopher Erasmus wrote about the proliferation of relics,and the number of buildings that could be constructed from wooden relics claimed to be from the crucifixion cross of Jesus. Similarly,at least thirty Holy Nails were venerated as relics across Europe in the early 20th century. Part of the relics are included in the so-called Arma Christi,or the Instruments of the Passion.
According to Christian tradition,the Image of Edessa was a holy relic consisting of a square or rectangle of cloth upon which a miraculous image of the face of Jesus Christ had been imprinted—the first icon. The image is also known as the Mandylion,in Eastern Orthodoxy,it is also known as Acheiropoieton.
The Shroud of Turin,also known as the Holy Shroud,is a length of linen cloth that bears a faint image of the front and back of a man. It has been venerated for centuries,especially by members of the Catholic Church,as the actual burial shroud used to wrap the body of Jesus of Nazareth after his crucifixion,and upon which Jesus's bodily image is miraculously imprinted. The human image on the shroud can be discerned more clearly in a black and white photographic negative than in its natural sepia color,an effect discovered in 1898 by Secondo Pia,who produced the first photographs of the shroud. This negative image is associated with a popular Catholic devotion to the Holy Face of Jesus.
The Basilica della Santa Casa is a Marian shrine in Loreto,in the Marches,Italy. The basilica is known for enshrining the house in which the Blessed Virgin Mary is believed by some Catholics to have lived. Pious legends claim the same house was flown over by angelic beings from Nazareth to Tersatto,then to Recanati,before arriving at the current site.
Charles Cahier was a French antiquarian,born in Paris on February 26,1807.
Blood of Christ,also known as the Most Precious Blood,in Christian theology refers to the physical blood actually shed by Jesus Christ primarily on the Cross,and the salvation which Christianity teaches was accomplished thereby,or the sacramental blood (wine) present in the Eucharist or Lord's Supper,which some Christian denominations believe to be the same blood of Christ shed on the Cross.
Robert de Clari was a knight from Picardy. He participated in the Fourth Crusade with his lord,Count Peter of Amiens,and his brother,Aleaumes,and left a chronicle of the events in Old Picard,De la Conquête de Constantinople. Robert's account of the crusade is especially valuable because of his status as a lower vassal;most other eyewitness accounts are from the leadership of the crusade,like Villehardouin. Robert's descriptions often shed light on some of the crusader activities that are otherwise glossed over by the higher rank sources.
Hyacinthe Sigismond Gerdil, CRSP was an Italian theologian,bishop and cardinal,who was a significant figure in the response of the papacy to the assault on the Catholic Church by the upheavals caused by the French Revolution.
Hugh of Châteauneuf,also called Hugh of Grenoble,was the Bishop of Grenoble from 1080 to his death. He was a partisan of the Gregorian reform and opposed to the Archbishop of Vienne,later Pope Callixtus II.
The Archdiocese of Chambéry,Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne,and Tarentaise is a Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic Church in France and a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Lyon. The archepiscopal see is Chambéry Cathedral,located in the city of Chambéry. The archdiocese encompasses the department of Savoie,in the Region of Rhône-Alpes.
Marcus Diadochus was a Christian writer of the fourth century.
In the Catholic liturgical calendar,the Feast of the Holy Winding Sheet of Christ honors the Turin Shroud,and is observed on the day before Ash Wednesday. It was officially declared in 1958 by Pope Pius XII.
Louis-Charles Couturier,was a French Benedictine monk,Abbot of the Abbey of Saint-Pierre at Solesmes and President of the French Congregation of the Order of St. Benedict.
The Shroud of Turin,a linen cloth that tradition associates with the crucifixion and burial of Jesus,has undergone numerous scientific tests,the most notable of which is radiocarbon dating,in an attempt to determine the relic's authenticity. In 1988,scientists at three separate laboratories dated samples from the Shroud to a range of 1260–1390 CE,which coincides with the first certain appearance of the shroud in the 1350s and is much later than the burial of Jesus in 30 or 33 CE. Aspects of the 1988 test continue to be debated. Despite some technical concerns that have been raised about radiocarbon dating of the Shroud,no radiocarbon-dating expert has asserted that the dating is substantially unreliable.
The History of the Shroud of Turin begins in the year 1390 AD,when Bishop Pierre d'Arcis wrote a memorandum where he charged that the Shroud was a forgery. Historical records seem to indicate that a shroud bearing an image of a crucified man existed in the possession of Geoffroy de Charny in the small town of Lirey,France around the years 1353 to 1357. The history from the 15th century to the present is well documented.
Herbert Henry Charles Thurston was an English priest of the Roman Catholic Church,a member of the Jesuit order,and a prolific scholar on liturgical,literary,historical,and spiritual matters. In his day,he was regarded as an expert on spiritualism. Today he is remembered chiefly for his extensive contributions to the Catholic Encyclopedia. He also served as editor of Mother Mary Loyola,an international bestselling author of popular religious books.
Barbara Frale is an Italian paleographer at the Vatican Secret Archives. Frale has written books about the Templars and she has a special interest in the history of the Shroud of Turin. In September 2001,she found an authentic copy of the Chinon Parchment.
The Shroud of Turin is a length of linen cloth bearing the imprint of the image of a man,and is believed by some to be the burial shroud of Jesus. Despite conclusive scientific evidence from three radiocarbon dating tests performed in 1988 which resulted in the shroud being dated to 1260–1390 AD,some researchers have challenged the dating based on various theories,including the provenance of the samples used for testing,biological or chemical contamination,incorrect assessment of carbon dating data,as well as other theories. However,the alternative theories challenging the radiocarbon dating have been disproved by scientists using actual shroud material,and are thus considered to be fringe theories.
The Collegiate Church of Saint-Barnard is a former collegiate church in Romans-sur-Isère,France,founded in 838 by Saint Bernard of Vienne on the banks of the Isère river.
