Venstre (Denmark)

Venstre, Denmark's Liberal Party Venstre, Danmarks Liberale Parti
Abbreviation	V
Leader	Troels Lund Poulsen
Deputy Leader	Stephanie Lose
Founded	30 June 1870 (1870-06-30) [1] (original form) 1910 (current form)
Headquarters	Søllerødvej 30, 2840 Holte
Youth wing	Venstres Ungdom
Student wing	Liberal Students of Denmark
Membership (2021)	28,007 [2] [ needs update ]
Ideology	Conservative liberalism [6] Agrarianism (Nordic) [9]
Political position	Centre-right [10]
European affiliation	Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
European Parliament group	Renew Europe
International affiliation	Liberal International
Nordic affiliation	Centre Group
Colours	Navy blue
Slogan	Frihed og fællesskab ('Freedom and Community')
Folketing	23 / 179 (13%) [a]
European Parliament	2 / 15 (13%)
Regions [11]	50 / 205
Municipalities [12]	591 / 2,436
Mayors	34 / 98
Election symbol
Party flag
Website
venstre.dk
Politics of Denmark Political parties Elections

Venstre ^[b] (Danish: [ˈvenstʁɐ] , lit. 'Left', V), full name Venstre, Danmarks Liberale Parti (English: Left, Denmark's Liberal Party), is a conservative-liberal, ^{[3] [4] [5]} agrarian ^[13] political party in Denmark. Founded as part of a peasants' movement against the landed aristocracy, today it espouses an economically liberal, pro-free-market ideology. ^[14]

Venstre is the major party of the centre-right in Denmark, and the second-largest party in the country. The party has produced many Prime Ministers. In the 2022 general elections, Venstre received 13.3% of the vote and 23 out of 179 seats. Following the resignation of Jakob Ellemann-Jensen, the party is led by Troels Lund Poulsen who serves as the country's Deputy Prime Minister. ^[15] Since December 2022, the party has been a junior partner in the second Frederiksen government.

The party is a member of Liberal International and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) and has four MEPs in the European Parliament. ^[16]

History

Venstre 1945 election material ("Venstre has been dealt a good hand").

1870–1910

Venstre was founded in 1870 under the name "Det Forenede Venstre" (lit. 'The United Left'). Originally, the party consisted of multiple conflicting groups, all united under the classical liberal (then the standard left-wing) ideology, the safeguarding of farmers' interests and opposition to the then right-wing classical conservative party Højre (literally "Right"). After the party in 1872 gained an absolute majority in the Folketing, it became the leading voice in the battle for parliamentarism, whereafter the party in 1895 split in two, Venstrereformpartiet ("Venstre Reform Party") and Det Moderate Venstre ("The Moderate Left"). In 1905, social liberal factions split from the party and formed Radikale Venstre (also known as the Danish Social Liberal Party), and in 1910 Venstrereformpartiet and Det Moderate Venstre reunited again under the name Venstre. ^[17]

1910–2009

With the decreasing numbers of farms and the growing urbanisation, membership and voter support dropped in the 1950s. During the 1960s the party gradually evolved from being a traditional farmers' party to a more general liberal party. In 1984 Uffe Ellemann-Jensen was elected chairman, and by profiling the liberal ideology in sharp confrontation to the Social Democrats, for example by campaigning for a reduction of the public sector, increasing market management and privatisation, and by being pro-EU, the party returned to its historical position as the biggest liberal party in the 1990s. ^[17]

After a disappointing 1998 general election, Ellemann-Jensen resigned as chairman and Anders Fogh Rasmussen was elected in his place. He immediately changed the party's usual confrontational strategy, instead appealing to the political centre. In the 2001 general elections the party campaigned for tighter immigration policies and a "tax stop", which proved successful and the party once again became the biggest in parliament, winning 31.2% of the vote and 56 seats. Venstre formed a coalition government with the Conservative People's Party and the Danish People's Party. For the first time since 1929 a liberal government was no longer dependent on the centre parties. Despite a small decline in both the 2005 general elections (29% and 52 seats) and the 2007 general elections (26.2% and 46 seats), the party remained the biggest and the coalition government continued. ^[17]

On 5 April 2009, Fogh Rasmussen resigned as chairman, instead serving as Secretary General of NATO. In his place Lars Løkke Rasmussen was elected. ^[18]

2009–present

In the 2011 general elections, the party gained 26.7% of the vote and 47 seats, but was not able to form a government, instead leading the opposition against Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt's Social Democratic coalition.^{[ citation needed ]}

Even though the party lost voter support in the 2015 general elections, only gaining 19.5% of the vote, the party formed a minority government. This government was short-lived, and in 2016 Løkke Rasmussen invited the Conservative People's Party and the Liberal Alliance to form a coalition government instead. ^[19]

During the campaign of the 2019 general elections, Løkke Rasmussen published an autobiography, in which he opened up for the possibility of forming a government with the Social Democrats. ^[20] This was seen as controversial in the liberal "blue bloc", and Social Democratic leader Mette Frederiksen immediately declined the proposition. ^[21]

Troels Lund Poulsen, chairman 2023-

Following internal fighting in the party, Løkke Rasmussen and vice chairman Kristian Jensen both resigned on 31 August 2019. On 21 September 2019, political spokesman and former Minister for Environment and Food Jakob Ellemann-Jensen was elected the party's next chairman. ^[22]

Following the 2022 general election, in which Venstre suffered its worst result since 1988, Venstre joined a grand coalition government led by Social Democrat leader Mette Frederiksen, and also comprising the Moderates, a Venstre splinter formed by former Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen. ^[23]

Ideology

Venstre is categorised as centre-right on the political spectrum, ^[10] although it has been also described as centrist ^{[24] [25]} and right-wing. ^{[26] [27] [28] [29]} Ideologically, it has been described as conservative-liberal, ^{[30] [3] [4] [5] [29] [31]} liberal-conservative, ^{[32] [33] [34] [35]} liberal, ^{[36] [37] [38] [39]} conservative, ^{[29] [40]} classical-liberal, ^[41] and agrarian. ^[29] Additionally, Venstre takes a nativist stance regarding immigration and asylum-seeking; they had also said that "immigrants should learn Danish and understand and respect Danish culture and traditions". ^{[42] [43]}

Venstre is an economically liberal party ^{[36] [44]} within the Nordic agrarian tradition, ^[45] and today is notably more pro–free market than its sister parties. ^{[46] [ needs update ]} Since the elections in 2001, Venstre has enacted a so-called "tax stop" in order to halt the growth in taxes seen during the previous eight years under the Social Democrats. This tax stop has been under heavy fire from the parties on the left bloc of Danish politics, allegedly for being "asocial" and "only for the rich." ^{[47] [48]}

Organization

Name and terms

The fact that the major centre-right political party in a country calls itself 'Left' is often confusing to foreign (and sometimes Danish) observers. The name has, however, its historical explanation. At the time of its foundation, Venstre affirmed then-progressive ideas in the Danish parliament. Their opponents, Højre (Right), the forerunner of the present-day Conservative People's Party, advocated for established interests, particularly the Church of Denmark and the landed gentry. In current Danish politics there is a clear distinction between the concepts of Venstre (Left, i.e., the party bearing that name) and venstrefløj (left wing, i.e., socialist and other left-leaning parties). The use of the word for "left" in the name of the Danish political party Radikale Venstre (literally: "Radical Left") and the Norwegian party Venstre is meant to refer to liberalism and not socialism.

Members of the party are referred to as venstremænd and venstrekvinder, respectively "Venstre men" and "Venstre women" (singular: -mand, -kvinde).

Leadership

No.	Portrait	Leader	Took office	Left office	Time in office
1		Madsen, Thomas Thomas Madsen-Mygdal (1876–1943)	1929	1941	11–12 years
2		Kristensen, Knud Knud Kristensen (1880–1962)	1941	1949	7–8 years
3		Sørensen, Edvard Edvard Sørensen (1893–1954)	1949	1950	0–1 years
4		Eriksen, Erik Erik Eriksen (1902–1972)	1950	24 May 1965	14–15 years
5		Hartling, Poul Poul Hartling (1914–2000)	24 May 1965	December 1977	12 years, 191 days
6		Christophersen, Henning Henning Christophersen (1939–2016)	September 1978	23 July 1984	5 years, 326 days
7		Ellemann, Uffe Uffe Ellemann-Jensen (1941–2022)	23 July 1984	18 March 1998	13 years, 238 days
8		Rasmussen, Anders Anders Fogh Rasmussen (born 1953)	18 March 1998	17 May 2009	11 years, 60 days
9		Rasmussen, Lars Lars Løkke Rasmussen (born 1964)	17 May 2009	31 August 2019	10 years, 106 days
–		Jensen, Kristian Kristian Jensen (born 1971) Acting	31 August 2019	21 September 2019	21 days
10		Jensen, Kristian Jakob Ellemann-Jensen (born 1973)	21 September 2019	23 October 2023	4 years, 32 days
–		Lose, Stephanie Stephanie Lose (born 1982) Acting	23 October 2023	18 November 2023	26 days
11		Poulsen, Troels Lund Troels Lund Poulsen (born 1976)	18 November 2023	Incumbent	2 years, 52 days

Prime ministers

• Johan Henrik Deuntzer (24 July 1901 –14 January 1905)
• Jens Christian Christensen (14 January 1905 –12 October 1908)
• Niels Neergaard (12 October 1908 –16 August 1909)
• Ludvig Holstein-Ledreborg (16 August 1909 –28 October 1909)
• Klaus Berntsen (5 July 1910 –21 June 1913)
• Niels Neergaard (5 May 1920 –23 April 1924)
• Thomas Madsen-Mygdal (14 December 1926 –30 April 1929)
• Knud Kristensen (7 November 1945 –13 November 1947)
• Erik Eriksen (30 October 1950 –30 September 1953)
• Poul Hartling (19 December 1973 –13 February 1975)
• Anders Fogh Rasmussen (27 November 2001 –5 April 2009)
• Lars Løkke Rasmussen (5 April 2009 –3 October 2011; 28 June 2015 –27 June 2019)

Youth and student wings

• Venstres Ungdom
• Liberal Students of Denmark (Danmarks Liberale Studerende)

European affiliation and representation

In the European Parliament, Venstre sits in the Renew Europe group with four MEPs. ^{[49] [50] [51] [52]}

In the European Committee of the Regions, Venstre sits in the Renew Europe CoR group, with three full and four alternate members for the 2025–2030 mandate. ^{[53] [54]}

Election results

Parliament

Election	Votes	%	Seats	+/-	Government
1872			53 / 104	New	Opposition
1873			51 / 104	2	Opposition
1876			74 / 104	23	Opposition
1879			65 / 104	9	Opposition
1881 (May)			69 / 102	4	Opposition
1881 (Jul)			75 / 102	6	Opposition
1884	80,000	56.3 (#1)	81 / 102	6	Opposition
1887	132,000	58.1 (#1)	74 / 102	7	Opposition
1890	123,000	53.0 (#1)	75 / 102	1	Opposition
1892	63,000	28.1 (#3)	30 / 102	45	Opposition
1895	89,530	40.5 (#1)	53 / 114	23	Opposition
1898	98,070	43.6 (#1)	63 / 114	10	Opposition
1901	103,495	45.9 (#1)	76 / 114	13	Majority
1903	121,357	49.4 (#1)	73 / 114	3	Majority
1906	94,272	31.2 (#1)	56 / 114	17	Minority
1909	77,949	24.0 (#1)	37 / 114	19	Minority (1909)
					Opposition (1909–1910)
1910	118,902	34.1 (#1)	57 / 114	20	Majority
1913	103,917	28.6 (#2)	44 / 114	13	Opposition
1915	8,081	62.8 (#1)	43 / 114	1	Opposition
1918	269,646	29.4 (#1)	45 / 140	2	Opposition
1920 (Apr)	350,563	34.2 (#1)	48 / 140	3	Caretaker government
1920 (Jul)	344,351	36.1 (#1)	51 / 140	3	Minority
1920 (Sep)	411,661	34.0 (#1)	51 / 149	0	Minority
1924	362,682	28.3 (#2)	44 / 149	7	Opposition
1926	378,137	28.3 (#2)	46 / 149	2	Minority
1929	402,121	28.3 (#2)	43 / 149	3	Opposition
1932	381,862	24.7 (#2)	38 / 149	5	Opposition
1935	292,247	17.8 (#2)	28 / 149	10	Opposition
1939	309,355	18.2 (#2)	30 / 149	2	Opposition (1939–1940)
					Coalition (1940–1943)
1943	376,850	18.7 (#3)	28 / 149	2	Coalition
1945	479,158	23.4 (#2)	38 / 149	10	Minority
1947 [c]	529,066	27.6 (#2)	49 / 150	8	Opposition
1950	438,188	21.3 (#2)	32 / 151	14	Coalition
1953 (Apr)	456,896	22.1 (#2)	33 / 151	1	Coalition
1953 (Sep)	499,656	23.1 (#2)	42 / 179	9	Opposition
1957	578,932	25.1 (#2)	45 / 179	3	Opposition
1960	512,041	21.1 (#2)	38 / 179	7	Opposition
1964	547,770	20.8 (#2)	38 / 179	0	Opposition
1966	539,027	19.3 (#2)	35 / 179	3	Opposition
1968	530,167	18.6 (#3)	34 / 179	1	Coalition
1971	450,904	15.6 (#3)	30 / 179	4	Opposition
1973	374,283	12.3 (#3)	22 / 179	8	Minority
1975	711,298	23.3 (#2)	42 / 179	20	Opposition
1977	371,728	12.0 (#3)	21 / 179	21	Opposition (1977–1978)
					Coalition (1978–1979)
1979	396,484	12.5 (#2)	22 / 179	1	Opposition
1981	353,280	11.3 (#4)	20 / 179	2	Opposition (1981–1982)
					Coalition (1982–1984)
1984	405,737	12.1 (#3)	22 / 179	2	Coalition
1987	354,291	10.5 (#4)	19 / 179	3	Coalition
1988	394,190	11.8 (#4)	22 / 179	3	Coalition
1990	511,643	15.8 (#3)	29 / 179	7	Coalition (1990–1993)
					Opposition (1993–1994)
1994	775,176	23.3 (#2)	42 / 179	13	Opposition
1998	817,894	24.0 (#2)	42 / 179	0	Opposition
2001	1,077,858	31.2 (#1)	56 / 179	14	Coalition
2005	974,636	29.0 (#1)	52 / 179	4	Coalition
2007	908,472	26.2 (#1)	46 / 179	6	Coalition
2011	947,725	26.7 (#1)	47 / 179	1	Opposition
2015	685,188	19.5 (#3)	34 / 179	13	Minority (2015–2016)
					Coalition (2016–2019)
2019	825,486	23.4 (#2)	43 / 179	9	Opposition
2022	460,546	13.3 (#2)	23 / 179	20	Coalition

Local elections

Municipal elections Year Seats # ± 1925 2,291 / 11,289 1929 2,615 / 11,329 324 1933 2,692 / 11,424 77 1937 2,374 / 11,425 318 1943 2,217 / 10,569 157 1946 2,519 / 11,488 302 1950 2,342 / 11,499 177 1954 2,353 / 11,505 11 1958 2,405 / 11,529 52 1962 2,196 / 11,414 209 1966 1,747 / 10,005 449 Municipal reform 1970 1,080 / 4,677 667 1974 1,277 / 4,735 197 1978 1,155 / 4,759 122 1981 1,240 / 4,769 85 1985 1,201 / 4,773 39 1989 1,261 / 4,737 60 1993 1,601 / 4,703 340 1997 1,557 / 4,685 44 2001 1,666 / 4,647 109 Municipal reform 2005 804 / 2,522 862 2009 699 / 2,468 105 2013 767 / 2,444 68 2017 688 / 2,432 79 2021 620 / 2,436 68 2025 522 / 2,436 98

Regional elections Year Seats # ± 1935 217,375 124 / 299 New 1943 300,241 123 / 299 1 1946 368,040 139 / 299 16 1950 348,861 128 / 299 11 1954 355,295 127 / 299 1 1958 412,111 135 / 303 8 1962 387,628 127 / 301 8 1966 402,574 115 / 303 12 Municipal reform 1970 449,479 95 / 366 20 1974 400,062 98 / 370 3 1978 411,812 90 / 370 8 1981 457,565 84 / 370 6 1985 418,149 83 / 374 1 1989 451,807 89 / 374 6 1993 717,536 125 / 374 36 1997 665,857 124 / 374 1 2001 963,220 139 / 374 15 Municipal reform 2005 744,466 60 / 205 79 2009 648,903 54 / 205 6 2013 809,664 62 / 205 8 2017 744,005 54 / 205 8 2021 689,869 54 / 205 0 Municipal reform 2025 540,684 28 / 134 26

Mayors Year Seats No. ± 2005 35 / 98 2009 31 / 98 4 2013 48 / 98 17 2017 37 / 98 11 2021 35 / 98 2 2025 42 / 98 7

European Parliament

Year	List leader	Votes	%	Seats	+/–	EP Group
1979	Tove Nielsen	252,767	14.48 (#3)	3 / 16	New	LD
1984		248,397	12.48 (#4)	2 / 16	1	LDR
1989	Niels Anker Kofoed	297,565	16.63 (#3)	3 / 16	1
1994	Eva Kjer Hansen	394,362	18.96 (#1)	4 / 16	1	ELDR
1999	Bertel Haarder	460,834	23.39 (#1)	5 / 16	1
2004	Karin Riis-Jørgensen	366,734	19.36 (#2)	3 / 14	2	ALDE
2009	Jens Rohde	474,041	20.24 (#2)	3 / 13	0
2014	Ulla Tørnæs	379,840	16.68 (#3)	2 / 13	1
2019	Morten Løkkegaard	648,203	23.50 (#1)	4 / 14	2	RE
2024		360,212	14.72 (#3)	2 / 14	2

See also

• Liberalism
• Contributions to liberal theory
• Liberalism worldwide
• List of liberal parties
• Liberal democracy
• Liberalism and radicalism in Denmark
• Nordic agrarian parties

Notes

1. Only 175 of the 179 seats in the Danish Parliament, the Folketing, are obtainable by Danish political parties as Greenland and the Faroe Islands are assigned two seats each due to their status as territories in the Kingdom of Denmark.
2. The party name is officially not translated into any other language, but is in English often referred to as the Liberal Party. Similar rules apply for the name of the party's youth wing Venstres Ungdom.
3. Party stood as Capital Venstre in Nomination districts of the Copenhagen constituency

References

1. https://www.venstre.dk/service/english/history History. The United Venstre, a federation of various Venstre groupings in the Danish Parliament, was founded on 30 June 1870.
2. "Hvor mange medlemmer har de politiske partier?". Folketinget. 28 November 2016.
3. Emil Joseph Kirchner; Alistair H. Thomas (1988). Liberal Parties in Western Europe. Cambridge University Press. p. 280. ISBN   978-0-521-32394-9 . Retrieved 17 August 2012.
4. Hans Slomp (2011). Europe, A Political Profile: An American Companion to European Politics: An American Companion to European Politics. ABC-CLIO. pp. 415, 420. ISBN   978-0-313-39182-8 . Retrieved 17 August 2012.
5. Nordsieck, Wolfram (2019). "Denmark". Parties and Elections in Europe.
6. ^{[3] [4] [5]}
7. Svante Ersson; Jan-Erik Lane (1998). Politics and Society in Western Europe. SAGE. p. 108. ISBN   978-0-7619-5862-8 . Retrieved 17 August 2012.
8. Christensen, Nikolaj (2022). Unorganized Religion: Pentecostalism and Secularization in Denmark, 1907-1924. Brill. p. 25. ISBN   9789004509900 . Retrieved 31 December 2022.
9. ^{[5] [7] [8]}
10. Josep M. Colomer (2008). Political Institutions in Europe. Routledge. p. 260. ISBN   978-1-134-07354-2.
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12. "VALGK3: Valg til kommunale råd efter område, parti og stemmer/kandidater/køn". Statistics Denmark. Retrieved 13 June 2010.
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15. "Troels Lund Poulsen er valgt som Venstres nye formand – TV 2". nyheder.tv2.dk (in Danish). 18 November 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
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24. "Socialists call for 'cordon sanitaire' around Europe's far right". EUobserver. 15 October 2010. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
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29. Oskar Niedermayer; Richard Stöss; Melanie Haas (2007). Die Parteiensysteme Westeuropas. Springer-Verlag. pp. 17, 74. ISBN   9783531900612 . Retrieved 31 December 2022. Page 17: In Dänemark ordnen wir beispielsweise die rechtsliberale Venstre in die politische Rechte ein, [...]; Page 74: Der eigentliche Gewinner seit 1974 war die (konservative) Agrarpartei (Venstre), [...]
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31. Niels Spierings; Marcel Lubbers; Andrej Zaslove (2019). "Sexually modern nativist voters: do they exist, and do they vote for the populist radical right?". In Cynthia Miller-Idriss; Hilary Pilkington (eds.). Gender and the Radical and Extreme Right: Mechanisms of Transmission and the Role of Educational Interventions. Routledge. p. 100. ISBN   9780429812699.
32. "Keiner der beiden Blöcke hat Mehrheit". Tagesschau . 1 November 2022.
33. "Seltenes Zweckbündnis: Dänemarks neue Regierung steht". Handelsblatt . 14 December 2022.
34. Hermann, Rudolf (12 February 2018). "Dänemarks Sozialdemokraten überholen rechts". Neue Züricher Zeitung .
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38. Christopher Munthe Morgenstierne, ed. (2003). Denmark and National Liberation in Southern Africa: A Flexible Response. Nordic Africa Institute. p. 106. ISBN   9789171065179. On August 30 , the 'SV-government', a coalition between the Social Democratic party and the liberal Venstre, was formed.
39. Irène Bellier; Thomas M. Wilson, eds. (22 December 2020). An Anthropology of the European Union: Building, Imagining and Experiencing the New Europe. Routledge. ISBN   9781000181067. However, Nordic particularism was also used to justify a 'yes' vote, as in this speech given to a local meeting by a Liberal (Venstre) member of parliament, and reported in Skive Folkeblad on 6 March: ...
40. Robert Bohn (2016). "X. Industrialisierung und politischer Wandel". Dänische Geschichte. C.H.Beck. ISBN   9783406691294 . Retrieved 31 December 2022. Die auf dem linken Flügel dominierenden Kraft war die Venstre - heute eine konservative Partei.
41. Thomas J. DiLorenzo, ed. (2016). The Problem with Socialism. Simon and Schuster. p. 82. ISBN   9781621575979.
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43. Dickheiwer, Robin (27 October 2022). "The Copenhagen Post". Copenhagen Post (in Danish). Retrieved 5 January 2023.
44. Dimitri Almeida (2012). The Impact of European Integration on Political Parties: Beyond the Permissive Consensus. Routledge. p. 98–. ISBN   978-0-415-69374-5.
45. Almeida, Dimitri. "Liberal Parties and European Integration" (PDF).
46. Esaiasson, Peter; Heidar, Knut (1999). Beyond Westminster and Congress: the Nordic experience. Columbus: Ohio State University Press. p. 377. ISBN   978-0-8142-0839-7.
47. "Kritik af skattereform: De rige vinder og de fattige taber". www.bt.dk. 24 February 2009.
48. "AE: Skattestop forgylder de rige". Politiken. 4 September 2002.
49. "Home | Asger CHRISTENSEN | MEPs | European Parliament". www.europarl.europa.eu. 8 January 1958. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
50. "Home | Søren GADE | MEPs | European Parliament". www.europarl.europa.eu. 27 January 1963. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
51. "Home | Morten LØKKEGAARD | MEPs | European Parliament". www.europarl.europa.eu. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
52. "Home | Linea SØGAARD-LIDELL | MEPs | European Parliament". www.europarl.europa.eu. 30 March 1987. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
53. "Members Page CoR".
54. "Members Page CoR".

Further reading

• Tom Matz (2004), Venstre ved du hvor du har(in Danish). ForlagsKompagniet: Nørhaven Book.

External links

• (in Danish) Venstre official site
• Denmark's Liberal Party presentation in English
• (in Danish) Party Profile from the newspaper Politiken
• Venstre Reform Party program of 1909 (from Danish Wikisource)