Cuba has had a communist political system since 1959 based on the "one state – one party" principle. Cuba is constitutionally defined as a Marxist–Leninist socialist state guided by the political ideas of Karl Marx, one of the fathers of historical materialism, Friedrich Engels and Vladimir Lenin. The present Constitution also ascribes the role of the Communist Party of Cuba to be the "leading force of society and of the state" and as such has the capability of setting national policy. The most recent leader was Raúl Castro, who held the title of First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba. As of 2018 Miguel Díaz-Canel is now the president of Cuba.
The National Action Party, founded in 1939, is a conservative political party in Mexico, one of the three main political parties in Mexico. Since the 1980s, it has been an important political party winning local, state, and national elections. In 2000, PAN candidate Vicente Fox was elected president for a six-year term; in 2006, PAN candidate Felipe Calderón succeeded Fox in the presidency. During the period 2000-2012, both houses of the Congress of the Union contained PAN pluralities, but the party had a majority in neither. In the 2006 legislative elections the party won 207 out of 500 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 52 out of 128 Senators. In the 2012 legislative elections, the PAN won 38 seats in the Senate, and 114 seats in the Chamber of Deputies. The members of this party are colloquially called Panistas.
The National Electoral Council (CNE) is one of the five branches of government of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela that was designed to be independent. It is the institution that has the responsibility of overseeing and guaranteeing the transparency of all elections and referendums in Venezuela at the local, regional, and national levels. The creation of the CNE was ratified in Venezuela's 1999 constitutional referendum. Following the election of Nicolás Maduro – Hugo Chávez's handpicked successor – into the presidency, the CNE has been described as being pro-Maduro.
Carlos Andrés Pérez Rodríguez also known as CAP and often referred to as El Gocho, was a Venezuelan politician, President of Venezuela from 12 March 1974 to 12 March 1979 and again from 2 February 1989 to 21 May 1993. His first presidency was known as the Saudi Venezuela due to its economic and social prosperity thanks to enormous income from petroleum exportation. However, his second period saw a continuation of the economic crisis of the 1980s, and saw a series of social crises, a popular revolt and two coup attempts in 1992. In May 1993 he became the first Venezuelan president to be forced out of the office by the Supreme Court, for the embezzlement of 250 million bolívars belonging to a presidential discretionary fund.
José Miguel Insulza Salinas is a Chilean politician who served as Secretary General of the Organization of American States from 2005 to 2015. He previously served as Chile's Foreign Minister from 1994 to 1999, and as Interior Minister from 2000 to 2005.
Ramón José Velásquez Mujica was a Venezuelan political figure. He served as President of Venezuela between 1993 and 1994. He was an important historian, journalist, lawyer and politician.
Miguel Otero Silva, was a Venezuelan writer, journalist, humorist and politician. A figure of great relevance in Venezuelan literature, his literary and journalistic works related strictly to the socio-political history of Venezuela. Throughout his life he was repeatedly forced into exile. Later on, after the establishment of a democratic state in 1958, he was elected to the Venezuelan Senate.
The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela held presidential elections on 3 December 2006, to choose a president for the six-year term to begin on 10 January 2007. The contest was between incumbent President Hugo Chávez, and Zulia Governor Manuel Rosales of the opposition party UNT.
Alirio Díaz was a Venezuelan classical guitarist and composer and one of the most prominent composer-guitarists of his country. A guitar competition named Concurso Internacional de Guitarra Alirio Díaz has been held in his honor in Caracas and other cities in Venezuela. Many compositions have been dedicated to Díaz including Spanish composer Joaquín Rodrigo's Invocación y Danza.
The People's Electoral Movement was a left-wing political party in Venezuela, founded in 1967 by Luis Beltrán Prieto Figueroa.
María Corina Machado Parisca is a Venezuelan politician who served as an elected member of the National Assembly of Venezuela from 2011–2014. She was a candidate for President of Venezuela in the 2012 elections, and has indicated she would run again in 2019 if interim President Juan Guaidó were to call for elections.
Mariano Díaz Bravo is a Chilean-born Venezuelan photographer, graphic designer and writer, best known for his contributions to the study and promotion of Venezuelan folk art. In 1993, he received the Premio Nacional de Arte Popular "Aquiles Nazoa", Venezuela's highest honor for folk artists and folk art promoters.
Tibisay Lucena is the president of the National Electoral Council or CNE, one of the five branches of government of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. She was first elected to this post in 2006, and was reelected in 2009 for the 2009-2013 period.
Luisa Marvelia Ortega Díaz is a Venezuelan lawyer. Between December 2007 and August 2017, she served as the Prosecutor General of Venezuela. She is a proponent of the Chavismo ideology.
Daniel Alirio Spanish Amarista journalist, writer and Venezuelan researcher, who reached public notoriety serving for nine years as a reporter and host of opinion talk shows on Venezolana de Television for the media coverage he did in of the electoral campaign of Manuel Rosales and by the publication, during 2015, of his first book The Nutcracker ofVicente Nebradaand theTheatre Teresa Carreno1996 2015.
Miguel Henrique Otero is a Venezuelan journalist, and he is the President and CEO of El Nacional newspaper. He was Vice President of Bloque de Prensa, the main press association in his home country. Otero is recognized as a pioneer in the use of new technologies, in journalism and media companies’ management. He is also the former President of Grupo de Diarios America, board member of the Inter American Press Association and of the World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers, WAN-IFRA.
The 2013 Venezuelan political crisis refers to the events occurred after the presidential elections of the same year, mostly protests in response of the electoral result in which Nicolás Maduro the Great Patriotic Pole (GPP) is elected as President of Venezuela.
Richard Miguel Mardo Mardo is a Venezuelan politician. He is the leader of the Justice First party in Aragua, as well as one of its deputy leaders, along with Carlos Ocariz. He was a member of the National Assembly of Venezuela from 2011 to 2016.
Juan Manuel Raffalli Arismendi is a Venezuelan constitutional lawyer, law professor, and politician.
Ana Mercedes Díaz Cardozo is a Venezuelan lawyer and electoral expert. From 1991 to 2004 she was Deputy Director General and then Director General of Political Parties of the National Electoral Council of Venezuela.
