Victory Medal (South Africa)

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Victory Medal (South Africa)
Victory Medal (South Africa).jpg
TypeMilitary Campaign medal
Awarded forCampaign service
Country Red Ensign of South Africa (1912-1951).svg Union of South Africa
Presented by the Monarch of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India
EligibilitySouth African forces
Campaign(s)First World War, 1914–1919
Clasps None
Established1919
First awarded1919
TotalApproximately 75,000
Ribbon - Victory Medal.png Ribbon - Victory Medal MID.png
Ribbon bars without and with MID emblem
South African order of wear
Next (higher) Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Mercantile Marine War Medal
Next (lower) Flag of the United Kingdom.svg 1939-1945 Star
Related Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Victory Medal (United Kingdom)

The Victory Medal (South Africa) is the Union of South Africa's version of the Victory Medal (United Kingdom) , a First World War campaign medal of Britain and her colonies and dominions. The medal, never awarded singly, was awarded to all those South Africans who were awarded the 1914–15 Star or the British War Medal. [1]

Contents

Institution

The Victory Medal, also known as the Inter-Allied Victory Medal, was instituted to celebrate the Allied victory in the Great War, in accordance with a recommendation of an inter-allied committee in March 1919. [2] The award of a similar medal to their own veterans by each allied country was intended to prevent a mass exchange of campaign medals. [3]

The same ribbon and variations of the basic medal design and wording on the reverse were adopted by Belgium, Brazil, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, France, Greece, Italy, Japan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Siam, South Africa, the United Kingdom and her colonies and dominions and the United States of America. Most of the medals depict the Winged Victory, a female winged figure representing Nike, the mythological Greek goddess of victory. A particular form of Nike or her Roman equivalent Victoria was chosen by each nation for its version of the medal, except by Japan and Siam, where the concept of a winged victory was not culturally relevant. The years of the war were shown as 1914 to 1918 in every case, except on the two medal versions of the British Empire, which show the years 1914 to 1919. [4] [5]

The British version of the Victory Medal was awarded to British combatants as well as to those from the dominions of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Empire of India and to colonial forces. [6] The Union of South Africa awarded its own version of the Victory Medal, identical to the British version on the obverse, but with the inscription on the reverse in English and Dutch, the two official languages of South Africa at the time. In precedence, the two versions rank on par. [1]

Award criteria

Recipients had to have entered a theatre of the war between 5 August 1914, the day following the British declaration of war against the German Empire, and the armistice of 11 November 1918, both dates inclusive. The medal was never awarded singly, but to all those who were awarded either the 1914 Star or the 1914–15 Star, or to all of those who were awarded the British War Medal. [4]

The Union Defence Forces served in German South West Africa in 1914 and 1915, while the volunteer South African Overseas Expeditionary Force served in Egypt in 1916, France and Belgium from 1916 to 1918, German East Africa from 1916 to 1918 and Palestine in 1917 and 1918. South African Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve contingents served with the Royal Navy in the Aegean and other theatres of war. [1]

Description

The medal is a bronze disk, 36 millimetres (1.4 in) in diameter, [4] with a clear lacquer coating giving a bright finish. [2] It has the following design: [3]

Obverse

The obverse shows the winged, full-length and full-front figure of Victoria, the Roman equivalent of the Greek goddess Nike, with her left arm extended and holding a palm branch in her right hand. [4] [1]

Reverse

The reverse is inscribed "THE GREAT WAR FOR CIVILISATION" in three lines above and "DE GROTE OORLOG VOOR DE BESCHAVING" in three lines below, with the English and Dutch inscriptions separated by "•••••" and with the years "1914-1919" at the bottom, all completely surrounded by a laurel wreath. [1]

Naming

Each medal was named in impressed capitals.

Ribbon

The ribbon is 38 millimetres (1.5 in) wide and of watered silk, with a double rainbow design, violet at the edges and progressing through the spectrum to red in the centre. It attaches to the medal through a ring suspender. [4]

Clasps

No clasps were issued.

Mentioned in Despatches

Recipients who were mentioned in despatches between 4 August 1914 and 10 August 1920 wore an oak leaf cluster emblem on the medal ribbon, with a smaller version on the ribbon bar when medals were not worn. [4]

Nicknames

The three World War I medals, either one of the 1914 Star or 1914–15 Star, the British War Medal and the Victory Medal, were collectively irreverently referred to as Pip, Squeak and Wilfred , after three comic strip characters, a dog, a penguin and a rabbit, which were popular in the immediate post-war era. [7] Pip represented either of the two Stars, Squeak represented the British War Medal and Wilfred represented the Victory Medal. [4] [8]

Similarly, when only the British War Medal and Victory Medal were awarded, they were referred to as Mutt and Jeff , after contemporary newspaper comic strip characters. [8]

Order of wear

The order of wear of the First World War campaign stars and medals is as follows: [9]

South Africa

On 6 April 1952 the Union of South Africa instituted its own range of military decorations and medals. These new awards were worn before all earlier British decorations and medals awarded to South Africans, with the exception of the Victoria Cross, which still took precedence before all other awards. Of the First World War campaign medals applicable to South Africans, the Victory Medal takes precedence as shown. [10] [11]

Ribbon - Mercantile Marine War Medal.png Ribbon - Victory Medal.png Ribbon - 1939-45 Star.png

Related Research Articles

World War I Victory Medal (United States)

The World War I Victory Medal was a United States World War I service medal designed by James Earle Fraser.

British campaign medals are awarded to members of the British Armed Forces, Allied forces and civilians participating in specified military campaigns. Examples include the Defence Medal, for homeland defence in World War II, and the Atlantic Star for World War II sea service in the Atlantic.

1914 Star

The 1914 Star, colloquially known as the Mons Star, is a British World War I campaign medal for service in France or Belgium between 5 August and 22 November 1914.

1914–15 Star Campaign medal of the British Empire

The 1914–15 Star is a campaign medal of the British Empire which was awarded to officers and men of British and Imperial forces who served in any theatre of the First World War against the Central European Powers during 1914 and 1915. The medal was never awarded singly and recipients also received the British War Medal and Victory Medal.

British War Medal

The British War Medal is a campaign medal of the United Kingdom which was awarded to officers and men of British and Imperial forces for service in the First World War. Two versions of the medal were produced. About 6.5 million were struck in silver and 110,000 in bronze, the latter awarded to, among others, the Chinese, Maltese and Indian Labour Corps.

Mercantile Marine War Medal

The Mercantile Marine War Medal was established in 1919 and awarded by the Board of Trade of the United Kingdom to mariners of the British Mercantile Marine for service at sea during the First World War.

Victory Medal (United Kingdom) British service medal

The Victory Medal is a United Kingdom and British Empire First World War campaign medal.

Kings South Africa Medal

The King's South Africa Medal is a British campaign medal awarded to all British and Colonial military personnel who served in the Second Boer War in South Africa, and who were in the theatre on or after 1 January 1902 and who had completed 18 months service in the conflict prior to 1 June 1902.

Pip, Squeak and Wilfred was a British strip cartoon published in the Daily Mirror from 1919 to 1956, as well as the Sunday Pictorial in the early years. It was conceived by Bertram Lamb, who took the role of Uncle Dick, signing himself (B.J.L.) in an early book, and was drawn until c. 1939 by Austin Bowen Payne, who always signed as A. B. Payne. It concerned the adventures of an orphaned family of animals. Pip, who assumed the "father" role, was a dog, while the "mother", Squeak, was a penguin. Wilfred was the "young son" and was a rabbit with very long ears.

The Inter-Allied Victory Medal is a campaign medal issued by Greece, commemorating the Allied victory in the First World War. The medal is the Greek version of a common design used among all Allied nations, following a proposal made by French Marshal Ferdinand Foch, who was supreme commander of the Allied Forces during the war. Each medal, in bronze, has the same diameter (36 mm) and ribbon, but with a national design representing a winged Victory. The Greek version of the medal was designed by Henry-Eugène Nocq. Approximately 200,000 medals were awarded.

1914–1918 Inter-Allied Victory medal (France) French commemorative medal

The 1914–1918 Inter-Allied Victory medal was a French commemorative medal established on 20 July 1922. It was the French version of a common allied campaign medal where each allied nation issued a Victory Medal to their own nationals, all issues having certain common features, including the same ribbon, a winged figure of victory on the obverse and a similar inscription on the reverse, the French version reading "LA GRANDE GVERRE POUR CIVILISATION 1914-1919".

Permanent Forces of the Empire Beyond the Seas Medal

The Permanent Forces of the Empire Beyond the Seas Medal is a long service and good conduct medal, instituted for award to other ranks of the Permanent Forces of the Dominions and Colonies of the British Empire. The medal, also known as the Permanent Overseas Forces Long Service and Good Conduct Medal, was established in 1910 as a single common award to supersede the several local versions of the Army Long Service and Good Conduct Medal which were being awarded by the various territories.

Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct (South Africa)

The Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct is a distinctive South African version of the British Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct (Military). It was awarded to members of the Permanent Force of the Union of South Africa who had completed eighteen years of reckonable service.

Distinguished Conduct Medal (Natal) Military decoration for bravery in Natal

In 1895, Queen Victoria authorised Colonial governments to adopt various British military decorations and medals and to award them to their local military forces. The Colony of Natal introduced this system in August 1895 and, in 1897, instituted the Distinguished Conduct Medal (Natal), post-nominal letters DCM.

Army Long Service and Good Conduct Medal (Cape of Good Hope)

In May 1895, Queen Victoria authorised Colonial governments to adopt various British military medals and to award them to their local military forces. The Cape of Good Hope introduced this system in September 1895 and, in 1896, instituted the Army Long Service and Good Conduct Medal .

Army Long Service and Good Conduct Medal (Natal) British Colonial Army medal

In May 1895, Queen Victoria authorised Colonial governments to adopt various British military medals and to award them to their local military forces. The Colony of Natal introduced this system in August 1895 and, in 1897, instituted the Army Long Service and Good Conduct Medal (Natal).

Meritorious Service Medal (Cape of Good Hope)

In May 1895, Queen Victoria authorised Colonial governments to adopt various British military medals and to award them to members of their local permanent military forces. The Cape of Good Hope introduced this system in September 1895 and, in 1896, instituted the Meritorious Service Medal .

Meritorious Service Medal (Natal)

In May 1895, Queen Victoria authorised Colonial governments to adopt various British military medals and to award them to members of their local permanent military forces. The Colony of Natal introduced this system in August 1895 and, in 1897, instituted the Meritorious Service Medal (Natal).

Meritorious Service Medal (South Africa)

In May 1895, Queen Victoria authorised Colonial governments to adopt various British military medals and to award them to their local permanent military forces. The Cape of Good Hope and Colony of Natal instituted their own territorial versions of the Meritorious Service Medal in terms of this authority. These two medals remained in use in the respective territories until after the establishment of the Union of South Africa in 1910.

Victory Medal (Romania)

The Victory Medal is a Romanian First World War campaign medal established on 20 July 1921 by Royal Decree.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 South African Medal Website - Union Defence Forces (1913-1939) (Accessed 9 May 2015)
  2. 1 2 The Type I Victory Medal 1914-19. Richard Flory. Orders & Medals Research Society Journal, September 2009, pages 144-152.
  3. 1 2 Joslin, Litherland and Simpkin. British Battles and Medals. pp. 230-1. Published Spink, London. 1988.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Pip, Squeak and Wilfred". The Long, Long Trail. Archived from the original on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  5. The interallied victory medals of World War I by Alexander J. Laslo, Dorado Publishing, Albuquerque. 1986 Edition.
  6. Captain H. Taprell Dorling. Ribbons and Medals. pp. 90-1. Published A.H.Baldwin & Sons, London. 1956.
  7. "Pip, Squeak and Wilfred". First World War.com. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  8. 1 2 The Great War 1914–1918 – A Guide to British Campaign Medals of WW1
  9. 1 2 "No. 38663". The London Gazette (Supplement). 12 July 1949. p. 3404.
  10. Government Notice no. 1982 of 1 October 1954 – Order of Precedence of Orders, Decorations and Medals, published in the Government Gazette of 1 October 1954.
  11. Republic of South Africa Government Gazette Vol. 477, no. 27376, Pretoria, 11 March 2005, OCLC   72827981