World Aquatics

Last updated

World Aquatics
World Aquatics logo horizontal 2.svg
Sport
Jurisdiction International
AbbreviationAQUA [1]
Founded19 July 1908;116 years ago (1908-07-19) in London, United Kingdom
Affiliation Association of Summer Olympic International Federations (ASOIF)
Headquarters Lausanne, Switzerland
President Husain Al-Musallam [2]
Replaced International Swimming Federation
Official website
www.worldaquatics.com

World Aquatics, [3] formerly known as FINA (French : Fédération internationale de natation; English : International Swimming Federation), [a] is the international federation recognised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) [4] for administering international competitions in water sports. It is one of several international federations which administer a given sport or discipline for both the IOC and the international community. It is based in Lausanne, Switzerland.

Contents

Founded as FINA (Fédération internationale de natation; International Swimming Federation) in 1908, the federation was officially renamed World Aquatics in January 2023. [3]

World Aquatics currently oversees competition in six aquatics sports: swimming, diving, high diving, artistic swimming, [5] [6] water polo, and open water swimming. [7] World Aquatics also oversees "Masters" competition (for adults) in its disciplines. [7]

History

Former FINA logo FINA logo cropped.svg
Former FINA logo

FINA was founded on 19 July 1908 in the Manchester Hotel in London, at the end of the 1908 Summer Olympics. Eight national federations were responsible for the formation of FINA: Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary and Sweden. [8]

In 1973 the first World Aquatics Championships were staged in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, with competitions held in swimming, water polo, diving and synchronized swimming. [9] Dr. Hal Henning, who had formerly served as Chair of the U.S. Olympic Swim Committee, was FINA's first American president from 1972 through 1976 where he was highly instrumental in starting the first World Aquatics Championships in Belgrade, and in retaining the number of swimming events in the Olympics which favored countries with larger, more balanced swim teams. [10]

In 1986 the first permanent FINA office was opened in Lausanne, Switzerland. [11]

In 1991 open water swimming was added to the program of the World Aquatics Championships. [12]

In 1993 the first edition of the World Aquatics Swimming Championships (25m) was staged in Palma de Mallorca, Spain. [13]

In 2010 FINA convened the first edition of the FINA World Aquatics Convention in Punta del Este, Uruguay. [14]

In 2013 high diving was added to the program of the World Aquatics Championships. [15]

In 2015 FINA staged the first dual World Aquatics Championships and FINA World Masters Championships (later known World Aquatics Masters Championships) in Kazan Russia, run consecutively in the one city for the first time. [16]

In 2018 FINA celebrated 110 years by inaugurating a new headquarters in Lausanne, Switzerland. [17]

On 12 December 2022, during the Extraordinary General Congress held in Melbourne, Australia, the Congress approved a new Constitution and voted to adopt a new name for the organisation, World Aquatics. [18]

In July 2023, the World Aquatics General Congress approved the headquarters would be moving to Budapest, Hungary (host city of the 2017, 2022 and 2027 championships) was in the ‘final stage’ of negotiations to move. [19] The center is scheduled to be finished by the end of 2026, but the organization intends to move some of it to the Hungarian capital in the second half of next year. [20] In November 2024, they opened their interim office before a full, complete transfer by 2027. [21]

Number of national federations by year:

Members

In June 2017, Bhutan became the 208th national member federation of FINA (now World Aquatics); [24] and on 30 November 2017, Anguilla became the 209th national member federation. [25] In 2023 the Philippines were removed from the list of member federations on the World Aquatics website. [26] At the World Aquatics Championships in Fukuoka in July 2023 athletes from the Philippines were still competing as 'Suspended Member Federation', however by the World Aquatics Junior Swimming Championships in September 2023, athletes from the Philippines were required to compete as 'Neutral Independent Athletes'. [27] [28] Athletes from Kenya currently compete as 'Suspended Member Federation', [29] while athletes from Russia and Belarus are currently banned from competing, but the nation's are still listed as member federations. [30] World Aquatics also permits athletes not affiliated with a member federation to compete at events under the 'Athlete Refugee Team' banner. [31] Members are grouped by continent, and there are 5 continental associations of which they can choose to be a member: [32]

World Map FINA.svg

Note: The number following each continental name is the number of World Aquatics members which fall into the given geographical area. It is not necessarily the number of members in the continental association.

Organisation & Structure

Under the new World Aquatics Constitution, ratified in December 2022, under clause 12, the following bodies are established to govern and administer World Aquatics: [33]

The World Aquatics Congress is the highest authority of World Aquatics and shall have the power to decide upon any matters arising within World Aquatics. A Congress is held either as an Ordinary Congress or as an Extraordinary Congress. A Congress may be held in person, by teleconference, by video conference or by another means of communication. Voting by correspondence (including email) and/or online is permitted. An Ordinary Congress shall be held every two (2) years, in principle at the site and on the occasion of the World Championships or of another major World Aquatics event. [34] An Extraordinary Congress shall be convened either by a decision of the Bureau or following a request in writing submitted to the Bureau by email by at least one fifth (1/5) of the Members. [35] Each Member shall be represented by up to two (2) duly appointed delegates with voting rights. Each of the twenty (20) elected members of the Athletes Committee shall have one (1) vote at a Congress. The Honorary President is chair with no voting power. Continental Organisations can appoint up to two (2) representatives who may attend the Congress as observers, without any voting power. [35]

The World Aquatics Bureau consists of the President and thirty-nine (39) Bureau Members:

Various committees and commissions also help with the oversight of individual disciplines (e.g. the Technical Open Water Swimming Committee helps with open water), or topic-related issues (e.g. the World Aquatics Doping Panel). [36] The organization signed an agreement with the Hungarian government in May 2023, planning to relocate its headquarters from Switzerland to Budapest, Hungary. However, the World Aquatics Congress needs to approve unanimously in order for the relocation to be finalized. [37]

Current bureau members

Office [38] OfficeholderCountry
President Husain Al-Musallam Kuwait
First Vice President Sam Ramsamy South Africa
Second Vice President Matthew Dunn Australia
TreasurerDale NeuburgerUnited States
Vice PresidentJuan Carlos OrihuelaParaguay
António SilvaPortugal
Zhou Jihong China
Executive DirectorBrent NowickiUnited States

Presidents

Each presidential term is four years, beginning and concluding with the year following the Summer Olympics.

FINA/World Aquatics presidents
NameCountryTerm
George Hearn Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain 1908–1924
Erik Bergvall Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 1924–1928
Émile-Georges Drigny Flag of France.svg  France 1928–1932
Walther Binner Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 1932–1936
Harold Fern Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain 1936–1948
Rene de Raeve Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 1948–1952
M.L. Negri Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina 1952–1956
Jan de Vries Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 1956–1960
Max Ritter Flag of Germany.svg  West Germany 1960–1964
William Berge Phillips Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 1964–1968
Javier Ostos Mora [39] Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 1968–1972
Harold Henning Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States 1972–1976
Javier Ostos Mora (2nd term) [39] Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 1976–1980
Ante Lambaša Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg  Yugoslavia 1980–1984
Robert Helmick Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States 1984–1988
Mustapha Larfaoui Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria 1988–2009
Julio Maglione Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay 2009–2021
Husain Al-Musallam Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait 2021–present

Tournaments

The main competition venue at the most recent edition of the World Aquatics Championships in Fukuoka, Japan (2023) Marine Messe Hall A, Swimming Venue, World Aquatics Championships 2023.jpg
The main competition venue at the most recent edition of the World Aquatics Championships in Fukuoka, Japan (2023)

World Aquatics Championships

World Aquatics' largest event is the biennial World Aquatics Championships , traditionally held every odd year, where all of the six aquatic disciplines are contested. A 50m length pool is used for swimming races.

The World Open Water Swimming Championships (also known as 'Open Water Worlds') is part of the World Aquatics Championships. Additional standalone editions of the Open Water Championships were also held in the even years from 2000 to 2010.

The World Masters Championships (also known as 'Masters Worlds) is open to athletes 25 years and above (30+ years in water polo) in each aquatics discipline excluding high diving and has been held as part of the World Aquatics Championships since 2015. [40] Prior to this, the Masters Championship was held separately, biennially in even years.

Prior to the 9th World Aquatics Championships in Fukuoka in 2001, the championships had been staged at various intervals of two to four years. From 2001 to 2019 the championships were held biennially in odd years. Due to interruptions from the COVID-19 pandemic, travel restrictions, and host venues withdrawing from hosting championships and World Aquatics withdrawing the rights to host championships, from 2022 to 2025 the championships will be staged in every year until resuming to biennial from 2025 onwards.

Stand-alone discipline competitions

World Aquatics also organizes separate tournaments and series for individual disciplines, including competitions for juniors. [41]

Discipline world tournaments

Discipline world series

Junior championships

World-level championships restricted to a younger age, with the age limit varying by discipline and gender:

Sport name changes

In 2017, FINA officially renamed the sport of synchronised swimming as Artistic Swimming for its competitions to reflect the expansion in evaluation criteria in the sport to include not only synchronization but other elements such as choreography and artistic expression. [5] [46]

Bans

Retired athletes

In relation to anti-doping rule violations, World Aquatics does enact suspensions on athletes who are retired from their respective sport at the time of ban implementation, with examples including Lithuanian Rūta Meilutytė (2019–2021) and Russians Artem Lobuzov (2021–2025), Alexandra Sokolova (2021–2025), and Artem Podyakov (2021–2025). [47] [48]

Russia and Belarus bans

Russian and Belarusian athletes and officials were banned from every FINA (World Aquatics) event through the end of 2022. [49] FINA also cancelled FINA events in Russia, and banned Russian and Belarusian teams through to the 19th FINA World Championships Budapest 2022. [49] In March 2022, after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, FINA banned all Russians and Belarusians from competing at the 2022 World Aquatics Championships and withdrew the 2022 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) from being held in Russia. [50] This came after indefinitely banning athletes and officials of both countries from wearing the colours of their country, swimming representing their country with their country's name, and the playing of their country's national anthem in case an athlete from either country won an event. [51] Additionally, times swum by Russians at non-FINA competitions for the April to December 2022 time frame did not count for world rankings nor world records. [52] On the 4 September 2023, World Aquatics announced the capacity and criteria for Russian and Belarusian athletes to compete at competitions as 'Neutral Independent Athletes'. [53]

Controversies

Transgender athlete restrictions

On 19 June 2022, FINA (World Aquatics) "committed to the separation of Aquatics sports into men's and women's categories according to sex" by a 71% vote, adopting a new policy on eligibility for the men's and women's competition categories. [54] [55] [56] This policy effectively bars all transgender women from competing in professional women's swimming, with the exception of athletes who "can establish to FINA's comfortable satisfaction that they have not experienced any part of male puberty beyond Tanner Stage 2 (of puberty) or before age 12, whichever is later". Athletes who previously took masculinizing hormone therapy (namely testosterone) may also compete in the women's category as long any testosterone use was post-puberty and less than a year in total, and the person's testosterone levels are back to pre-treatment levels. Transgender men remained fully eligible to compete in the men's category. FINA also announced the development of a separate "open" category for some events, to be determined by a working group over the next six months, so that "everybody has the opportunity to compete at an elite level". [57] [58] [59] The decision was criticized as "discriminatory, harmful, unscientific and not in line with the 2021 IOC principles" by LGBT advocacy group Athlete Ally. [60]

Though swimmer Lia Thomas formally challenged the new rule that disqualified her from competition, in June 2024, the Court of Arbitration for Sport ruled that she lacked standing to do so and would remain ineligible to compete. [61]

Vice President Zhou Jihong

In May 2022, New Zealand diving judge Lisa Wright revealed that during the 2020 Summer Olympics, FINA Vice President, Zhou Jihong, allegedly launched a verbal tirade at Wright at the conclusion of the men's 10m platform final. Wright alleged that Zhou verbally abused her for underscoring Chinese divers. [62] Diving New Zealand subsequently complained about the incident to FINA's Ethics Panel. As a result, Zhou was ordered by in a FINA Ethics Panel decision [63] to write a letter of apology to Wright. [63] A recommendation was also made by the Ethics Panel to disestablish Zhou's position as Diving Bureau Liaison for FINA. The FINA Ethics Panel stated that the incident during the men's platform final was "unfortunate" and led to a "misunderstanding mixed with misjudgement" between Wright and Zhou. [64]

In May 2022, former international diver, Olympic judge and previous member of FINA's Technical Diving Committee from New Zealand Simon Latimer revealed he had sent a whistleblower complaint [65] to FINA's Executive Director Brent Nowicki in December 2021 detailing Zhou's alleged "unethical behavior" which also contained allegations that Zhou has routinely coached Chinese divers during major events such as the Olympics and World Championships and she had manipulated judging panels in order to benefit Chinese athletes. Latimer claimed that Zhou's behavior was tarnishing the reputation of international diving and that she was acting in the interests of China rather than international diving as a whole.

Subsequent to Latimer's complaint, video evidence emerged online showing Zhou coaching Chinese divers during competition sessions at the 2020 Summer Olympics, a behavior considered unethical given her supposedly neutral role as a FINA Vice President and Diving Bureau Liaison. [66]

In July 2022, Latimer was not re-elected to FINA's Technical Diving Committee, and Zhou was one of the FINA Bureau Member's who had input in the selection process. [67] In 2022 FINA's By Laws [68] were updated to state that the Bureau Liaison position that Zhou holds should not interfere on the field of play during competitions and that individuals holding that position shall not act as a Team Leader or coach at international events including the Olympic Games.

Soul Cap

In 2021, FINA (World Aquatics) came under criticism for not approving the use at the Olympics of the Soul Cap, a brand of swimming caps designed for natural Black hair. [69] FINA said the caps did not fit "the natural form of the head" and to their "best knowledge the athletes competing at the international events never used, neither require … caps of such size and configuration." [69] After receiving criticism about racism, FINA announced that they would review their decision. Later in 2022, FINA decided to approve the Soul Caps for future FINA events (effective immediately).

Doping

In 2024, a member of the World Aquatics' anti-doping advisory body said that it was "inexplicably and forcibly shut out of the review" concerning positive tests from 23 Chinese swimmers in the lead-up to the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics. [70] As a result of the doping scandal, in June 2024, a former deputy director of the World Anti-Doping Agency said that athletes had "zero confidence" in World Aquatics. [71] [72] In July 2024, World Aquatics confirmed that its executive director was subpoenaed to testify to U.S. authorities as part of a criminal investigation into the Chinese swimmers' doping tests. [73]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The official and original name prior to 2023 was in French.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Synchronized swimming</span> Hybrid form of swimming, dance and gymnastics

Synchronized swimming, also known as artistic swimming, is a sport where swimmers perform a synchronized choreographed routine, accompanied by music. The sport is governed internationally by World Aquatics. It has traditionally been a women's sport, although FINA introduced a new mixed gender duet competition that included one male swimmer in each duet at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships and European Aquatics introduced men's individual events at the 2022 European Aquatics Championships. From 2024, men are able to compete in the team event at the Olympics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">European Aquatics</span> European swimming association

European Aquatics is the European governing body for aquatic sports affiliated to World Aquatics — it is the Continental Association for Europe. It was formally organized in 1927 in Bologna, and since 2015 is headquartered in Nyon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">World Aquatics Championships</span> World Championships for aquatic sports

The World Aquatics Championships are the World Championships for six aquatic disciplines: swimming, diving, high diving, open water swimming, artistic swimming, and water polo. The championships are staged by World Aquatics, formerly known as FINA, the international federation recognised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) for administering international competitions in water sports. The championships are World Aquatics' largest and main event traditionally held biennially every odd year, with all six of the aquatic disciplines contested every championships. Dr. Hal Henning, FINA's president from 1972 through 1976, and their first American President, was highly instrumental in starting the first World Aquatics Championships, and in retaining the number of swimming events in the Olympics, which gave an advantage to nations with larger, more balanced swim teams.

The 2007 World Aquatics Championships, or the XII FINA World Championships, were held in Melbourne, Australia from 17 March to 1 April 2007. The competition took place at three locations in central Melbourne: the Melbourne Sports and Aquatic Centre, St Kilda Beach, and Rod Laver Arena in a temporary pool christened the Susie O'Neill Pool.

The 2009 World Aquatics Championships or the XIII FINA World Championships were held in Rome, Italy from 18 July to 2 August 2009. This was the second time the championships were held in the city after being previously hosted in 1994.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zhou Jihong</span> Chinese diver

Zhou Jihong is a Chinese diver who represented China at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.

Haley Danita Anderson is an American competitive swimmer who is an Olympic silver medalist. She placed second in the 10-kilometer open water event at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2015 World Aquatics Championships</span> 16th FINA World Championships

The 16th FINA World Championships, also Aquatics 2015, were held in Kazan, Russia from 24 July to 9 August 2015. Russia hosted this event for the first time. The number of participating national teams (190), athletes (2,400) and the number of medals (75) were the most ever amongst these championships. This was the first time the World Aquatics Championships partially overlaps with the FINA World Masters Championships that have a number of athletes, countries (110) and medals (635) which are the most ever also.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2017 World Aquatics Championships</span> 17th FINA World Championships

The 17th FINA World Championships were held in Budapest, Hungary from 14 to 30 July 2017.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2019 World Aquatics Championships</span> 18th edition of the World Aquatics Championships

The 2019 World Aquatics Championships were the 18th FINA World Aquatics Championships, held in Gwangju, South Korea from 12 to 28 July 2019. The city had previously hosted the 2015 Summer Universiade aquatics events in the same venues.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2023 World Aquatics Championships</span> 20th World Aquatics Championships

The 2023 World Aquatics Championships, the 20th edition of the World Aquatics Championships, were held in Fukuoka, Japan, from 14 to 30 July 2023. Originally scheduled to be held in 2021 as the 19th championships, the championships were postponed until May 2022 in response to the rescheduling of the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The event was pushed back a second time to 2023 due to ongoing travel restrictions and safety measures in place in Japan. In its place, Budapest hosted the 19th Championships from 18 June to 3 July 2022, while the originally scheduled 2023 championships in Doha, Qatar, were moved to 2024.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Singapore Aquatics</span> Singaporean national governing body for competitive swimming

Singapore Aquatics (SAQ) is the national governing body for competitive swimming, diving, synchronised swimming, water polo and open water swimming in Singapore. SAQ is also charged with selecting the Singapore Olympic Swimming team and any other teams that officially represent Singapore, as well as the overall organisation and operation of the sport within the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Palace of Water Sports</span>

The Palace of Water Sports is an indoor aquatics centre in Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia which was built for the 2013 Summer Universiade. Located on the banks of the Kazanka River, the competitions in synchronized swimming, diving, swimming and water polo took place here. It later hosted the diving events for the 2015 World Aquatics Championships. As of 2018, the facility was utilized by approximately 3,000 children per day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m)</span> Swimming championships

The 15th FINA World Swimming Championships were held from 16 to 21 December 2021 in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. It was previously scheduled for 13 to 18 December but moved back three days on 24 February 2021. Originally scheduled to be held in 2020, the championships were pushed back one year as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Competition took place in a 25-metre temporary pool installed at Etihad Arena.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m)</span> Swimming competition

The 16th FINA World Swimming Championships took place from 13 to 18 December 2022 in Melbourne, Australia at the Melbourne Sports and Aquatic Centre. Swimming events in the championships were conducted in a 25-metre outdoor pool.

The 8th FINA World Junior Swimming Championships was held from 30 August to 4 September 2022 at the Videna Aquatic Center in Lima, Peru. It was open to competition for girls ages 14 to 17 years old and boys ages 15 to 18 years old at the end of the 2022 calendar year. All events were conducted in a 50-metre pool.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 World Aquatics Championships</span> 19th FINA World Championships

The 2022 World Aquatics Championships, the 19th edition of the FINA World Aquatics Championships, were held in Budapest, Hungary, from 17 June to 3 July 2022. These championships included five disciplines, with high diving not staged for this edition of the championships.

From 2015 to 2022 when the World Aquatics was still known as FINA, neutral athletes have competed under the designation Independent FINA Athlete (IFA) either due to their national federation's suspension of their governing body or as refugees.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Swimming at the 2024 Summer Olympics</span>

The swimming competitions at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris were held from 27 July to 9 August 2024. Pool events took place at the Paris La Défense Arena, with the two-day marathon swimming staged at Pont Alexandre III through the Seine River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2024 World Aquatics Championships</span> 21st FINA World Championships

The 2024 World Aquatics Championships, the 21st edition of the World Aquatics Championships, were held in Doha, Qatar, from 2 to 18 February 2024. Originally scheduled to be held in November 2023, the championships were postponed until February 2024 in response to the rescheduling of the 20th edition of the World Aquatics Championships in Fukuoka, Japan, from 2021 to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and then again to 14 to 30 July 2023 due to travel restrictions and safety measures in place in Japan.

References

  1. ↑ "Olympic Charter" (PDF). International Olympic Committee . p. 86. Retrieved 10 December 2024.
  2. ↑ "FINA Executive". FINA - Fédération Internationale De Natation.
  3. 1 2 "International Swimming Federation to be renamed World Aquatics". www.insidethegames.biz. 12 December 2022. Archived from the original on 26 December 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  4. ↑ "FINA". Olympic.org . The International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 24 October 2004. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  5. 1 2 3 "Synchronized swimming to be called artistic swimming". Cbc.ca. Archived from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
  6. 1 2 "FINA artistic swimming rules 2017-2021" (PDF). FINA. 13 September 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
  7. 1 2 "FINA Sports History". 15 June 2013. Archived from the original on 15 June 2013. from the FINA website (www.fina.org); retrieved 2013-06-05.
  8. ↑ "About FINA". FINA.org . Archived from the original on 22 March 2022.
  9. ↑ "Overview". World Aquatics. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  10. ↑ "North Central Cardinals Athletic Hall of Fame, Dr. Harold Henning". northcentralcardinals.com.
  11. ↑ "Overview". World Aquatics. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  12. ↑ "Overview". World Aquatics. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  13. ↑ "Overview". World Aquatics. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  14. ↑ "Overview". World Aquatics. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  15. ↑ "Overview". World Aquatics. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  16. ↑ "Overview". World Aquatics. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  17. ↑ "Overview". World Aquatics. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  18. ↑ "Overview". World Aquatics. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  19. ↑ Keith, Braden (25 July 2023). "World Aquatics General Congress Approves HQ Move to Budapest, Hungary". SwimSwam. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  20. ↑ "Best Swimmers Honored at the Future HQs of World Aquatics in Budapest". Hungary Today. 24 October 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2024.
  21. ↑ "World Aquatics opens temporary HQ in Budapest, full relocation expected by 2027".
  22. ↑ "Kosovo is the 208th FINA member". FINA. Archived from the original on 20 February 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
  23. ↑ "World Aquatics". World Aquatics. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  24. ↑ FINA (8 June 2017). "Bhutan Swimming Federation joins FINA as 208th National Member Federation". FINA. Archived from the original on 22 January 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
  25. ↑ FINA (30 November 2017). "PR 93 - FINA BUREAU MEETING - 30 November 2017". FINA. Archived from the original on 27 June 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
  26. ↑ "World Aquatics". World Aquatics. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  27. ↑ Sutherland, James (26 April 2023). "Philippine Swimming Inc. Awaits CAS Appeal Decision Following World Aquatics Suspension". SwimSwam. Archived from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  28. ↑ "World Aquatics". World Aquatics. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  29. ↑ "Kenya staring at a total ban from international swimming". Nation. 30 June 2023. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  30. ↑ "PRESS RELEASE | FINA Bureau meets, makes further decisions on Russian and Belarusian athletes and event hosting". World Aquatics. 23 March 2022. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  31. ↑ "Meet World Aquatics Refugee Team member Eyad Masoud | When I swim, its more than a sport". World Aquatics. 20 June 2023. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  32. ↑ "Continental Organisations". World Aquatics. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  33. ↑ "World Aquatics Structure: overview". World Aquatics. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  34. ↑ "World Aquatics Congress". World Aquatics. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  35. 1 2 3 "WORLD AQUATICS | CONSTITUTION 2022" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 November 2023. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  36. ↑ "FINA Committee list". Archived from the original on 2 August 2012.
  37. ↑ "International Swimming Federation Headquarters to Move to Budapest". Hungarianconservative.com/. 26 May 2023. Archived from the original on 9 June 2023. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
  38. ↑ "World Aquatics Bureau Members". World Aquatics. Archived from the original on 8 April 2024. Retrieved 4 May 2024.
  39. 1 2 "Swimming World Presents "Remembering the 1st World Championships: Belgrade 1973"". 5 June 2019. Archived from the original on 12 December 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  40. ↑ "Masters". World Aquatics. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  41. ↑ "FINA Media Kit for the 2010 FINA World Aquatics Convention" (PDF). 22 February 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 June 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2010. . (The listing and structure of the "Events" section is based on the event listing in this packet.)
  42. ↑ "Montpellier to host FINA Artistic Swimming World Cup leg". LEN: European Aquatics. 10 December 2022. Archived from the original on 25 January 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  43. ↑ "World Aquatics Water Polo Junior Competitions". worldaquatics.com.
  44. ↑ "FINA World Junior Diving Championships 2022". World Aquatics. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  45. ↑ "FINA World Junior Open Water Swimming Championships 2022". World Aquatics. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  46. ↑ "What is the difference between synchronized swimming and artistic swimming?". Diario AS . 1 August 2021. Archived from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2022.
  47. ↑ "FINA Doping Panel Decision - Ruta Meilutyte (LTU)" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 April 2021.
  48. ↑ "FINA Doping Panel Bans Three Retired Russians, Including Olympian Artem Lobuzov". Swimming World News . 28 March 2022. Archived from the original on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  49. 1 2 "PRESS RELEASE | FINA Bureau meets, acknowledges decision to suspend Russian swimmer Evgeny Rylov". FINA - Fédération Internationale De Natation.
  50. ↑ "FINA Bureau meets, makes further decisions on Russian and Belarusian athletes and event hosting". FINA.org (Press release). FINA. 23 March 2022. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
  51. ↑ "FINA Order award withdrawn". FINA.org (Press release). FINA. 1 March 2022. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
  52. ↑ Keith, Braden (23 April 2022). "Russia Confirms that Suspended Rylov Will Be Allowed at Russian Championships". SwimSwam . Archived from the original on 24 April 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  53. ↑ "World Aquatics Bureau Approves Participation of Neutral Individual Athletes, Under Strict New Criteria". World Aquatics. 4 September 2023. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  54. ↑ FINA Communication Department (19 June 2022). "Press Release: FINA announces new policy on gender inclusion". FINA. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  55. ↑ FINA (19 June 2022). "Policy on Eligibility For The Men's And Women's Competiton [sic] Categories" (PDF). FINA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  56. ↑ FINA (19 June 2022). "INA Extraordinary General Congress, 19th FINA World Championships, Budapest". FINA. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  57. ↑ "Transgender swimmers barred from women's events". Al Jazeera . 19 June 2022. Archived from the original on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  58. ↑ Ingle, Sean (19 June 2022). "Transgender women swimmers barred from female competitions by Fina". The Guardian . Archived from the original on 19 June 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
  59. ↑ De la Fuente, Homero (20 June 2022). "International Swimming Federation votes to restrict transgender athletes from competing in elite women's aquatics competitions". CNN. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  60. ↑ Melnick, Kyle; Carpenter, Les (19 June 2022). "FINA vote restricts transgender athletes in women's competitions". The Washington Post . Archived from the original on 19 June 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
  61. ↑ Almasy, Steve; Sterling, Wayne (13 June 2024). "Transgender swimmer Lia Thomas loses challenge of rules barring her from elite women's races". CNN. Archived from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
  62. ↑ Ramsay, George (12 May 2022). "She apologized for verbally abusing an Olympic judge, but questions over the conduct of China's 'Iron Lady' of diving remain". CNN. Archived from the original on 16 May 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  63. 1 2 "FORMAL HEARING OF ETHICS PANEL OF THE FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DE NATATION (FINA) IN TERMS OF ARTICLE C.24 OF ITS CONSTITUTION" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 May 2023. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  64. ↑ "Whistleblower files complaint over conduct of FINA vice-president Zhou". www.insidethegames.biz. 9 March 2022. Archived from the original on 16 May 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  65. ↑ "Simon Latimer letter to Brent Nowicki.docx - AnonFiles". anonfiles.com. Archived from the original on 12 May 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  66. ↑ Sutherland, James (18 April 2022). "Video Shows FINA VP Zhou Jihong Coaching Chinese Diver At Tokyo Olympic Games". SwimSwam. Archived from the original on 8 May 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  67. ↑ Johannsen, Dana (12 July 2022). "Kiwi diving official replaced on FINA committee after blowing the whistle on one of the sport's most powerful figures". Stuff. Archived from the original on 16 May 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  68. ↑ "FINA by laws" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 May 2023. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  69. 1 2 Priya Elan (2 July 2021). "Swimming caps for natural black hair ruled out of Olympic Games". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 July 2024. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  70. ↑ Schmidt, Michael S.; Panja, Tariq (14 June 2024). "Chinese Swimmers Twice Tested Positive for Drugs. They Kept on Swimming". The New York Times . ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on 30 June 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  71. ↑ Wade, Stephen (27 June 2024). "Want to follow swimming in Paris? Then get up to speed on WADA, doping, China and trimetazidine". Associated Press . Archived from the original on 28 June 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  72. ↑ "Three Swimmers In China Doping Scandal Failed Earlier Tests: Report". Barron's . Agence France-Presse. 14 June 2024. Archived from the original on 1 July 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  73. ↑ Dunbar, Graham; Pells, Eddie (4 July 2024). "World swimming federation confirms US federal investigation into Chinese swimmers' doping tests". Associated Press . Retrieved 4 July 2024.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.