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The Yadava were an ancient Indian people who believed to be descended from Yadu, a legendary king of Chandravamsha lineage.
Sanskritisation is a term in sociology which refers to the process by which castes or tribes placed lower in the caste hierarchy seek 'upward' mobility by emulating the rituals and practices of the dominant castes or upper castes. It is a process similar to "passing" in sociological terms. This term was made popular by Indian sociologist M. N. Srinivas in the 1950s. Sanskritisation has in particular been observed among mid-ranked members of caste-based social hierarchies.
The Dhangars are a herding caste of people found in the Indian states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Goa, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. They are referred as Gavli in southern Maharashtra, Goa and northern Karnataka, Golla in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka and Ahir in northern Maharashtra. Some Gavlis live in forested hill tracts of India's Western Ghats. Gavli, also known as Dange or Mhaske, and Ahir are a sub-caste of Dhangar. However, there are many distinct Gavli castes in Maharashtra and Dhangar Gavli is one of them.
The Abhira kingdom in the Mahabharata is either of two kingdoms near the Sarasvati river. It was dominated by the Abhiras, sometimes referred to as Surabhira also, combining both Sura and Abhira kingdoms. Modern day Abhira territory lies within Northern areas of Gujarat and Southern Rajasthan, India.
Ahir or Aheer are a community of traditionally non-elite pastoralists in India, most members of which identify as being of the Indian Yadav community because they consider the two terms to be synonymous. The Ahirs are variously described as a caste, a clan, a community, a race and a tribe.
Yadav refers to a grouping of traditionally non-elite, peasant-pastoral communities or castes in India that since the 19th and 20th centuries have claimed descent from the mythological king Yadu as a part of a movement of social and political resurgence. The term Yadav now covers many traditional peasant-pastoral castes such as Ahirs of the Hindi belt and the Gavli of Maharashtra.
The Ahir is a Hindu caste of Northern India.The Ahir clans are spread almost all over country. There are three main divisions among Ahirs: Yaduvanshi, Nandvanshi and Gwalvanshi. All Ahirs, no matter where they reside, were originally of the same ethnic stock; and it is probable that they were originally a nomad tribe of pastorals, probably Scythian, who entered India, via Persia and Baluchistan.
Gavli, Gawli or Gavali is a Hindu caste found in the Indian states of Maharashtra and Madhya pradesh. They a part of the Yadav community.
Aphariya (Abhirya) also spelt as Affariya, Afariya or Phariya) is a clan of Yaduvanshi Aheer or Yadava. Aphariyas ruled the Ahirwal state of Haryana.
Dr. J. N. Singh Yadav is an Indian historian and author from Bashirpur in the Mahendragarh district of the northern Indian state of Haryana. A graduate and master of arts in political science from University, he obtained his doctorate from Kurukshetra University. Yadav has more than a quarter of a century's experience teaching post-graduate and under-graduate classes in various colleges in Haryana. He is also involved in various social reform movements and educational institutions and as a result took voluntary retirement in order to devote more time to research and social work.
The Abhira people were a legendary people mentioned in ancient Indian epics and scriptures as early as the Vedas. A historical people of the same name are mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. The Mahabharata describes them as living near the seashore and on the bank of the Sarasvati River, near Somnath in Gujarat and in the Matsya region also.
The Ahars are a Hindu caste in India. The term "Ahar" was historically associated with the Yadav caste, along with the term "Ahir". The group labelled Ahar were generally found in a few west-central districts of India, but in the 1931 census of India appeared in large numbers recorded in the north-central districts, though not in any of the districts between the former and latter. They claim to be descended from Yadu Race.
The Golla are a Telugu-speaking pastoral community primarily living in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana with smaller numbers in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. They are related to other pastoral-herding castes like Gulla, Gullar, Gollewar, Gavli and Dhangar and are a part of the larger Yadav community. They are classified as a Backward Caste.
The Hindu Ghosi or Ghosi Thakur is a sub-caste of the Hindu Ahir (Yadav) caste in the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Bihar. They are divided into various clans (section) and lineages.
Gopal or Gauda is an Indian caste, from Odisha State in East India. Their traditional occupations include dairy farming, cattle herding, cultivation and carrying palanquins of deities. They also worked as Paikas (soldiers) under the kings. Gopal is the name of the milkmen or herdsmen caste in Odisha, which is known by other names in various parts of India.
Modern historians agree that Rajputs consisted of a mix of various different social groups and different varnas. Rajputisation explains the process by which such diverse communities coalesced into the Rajput community.
The Abhira dynasty was a dynasty that ruled over the western Deccan, where they perhaps succeeded the Satavahana dynasty. From 203 CE to roughly 270 or 370, they formed a vast kingdom. The Abhira era started by Ishwarsena in AD 249, continued with them and was called Abhira-Traikutika era. This era was later continued by Kalachuri Dynasty, calling it Kalachuri era, and later Kalachuri-Chedi era. After the rule of five traikuta kings, they retired to central provinces and assumed the name Haihaya (Chedi) and Kalachuri. Historians call this entire era as Abhira-Traikutika-Kalachuri-Chedi era. In the Ramayana and Mahabharata the Abhiras in the West are spoken of, and in the Puranic Geographie, the country on the western coast of India from the Tapti to Devagarh, is called Abhira or the region of cowherds. It seems probable that they were connected with the Yadavas who were in power in the eighth, and again appear as the rulers of Devagiri or Daulatabad in the 12th and 13th century.
Krishnaut or Kishnaut Ahir is a subclan of the Yadav (Ahir) caste found in Bihar, Jharkhand and Nepal. The term Krishnaut which to them denotes their descent from Lord Krishna.
Yadavs in Bihar refers to the people of Yadav community of the Indian state of Bihar. They are also known as Ahir, Gope, Rai etc. The Yadavs form nearly 14.26 % of the state's population and are included in the Other Backward Class category in the Bihar state of India. Ahirs are among the land owning caste in the plains of Bihar.
The term Ahir is derived from Abhira, a clan mentioned several times in inscriptions and Hindu revered books. The term Ahir is often seen as synonymous with Yadav. The Mahabharata and other authori-tative works use the three terms-Ahir, Yadav and Gopa synonymous.
References
- ↑ Yadav, Sanjay (2011). The Environmental Crisis of Delhi: A Political Analysis. Worldwide Books. ISBN 978-81-88054-03-9.
- ↑ Singh, Bhrigupati (6 April 2015). Poverty and the Quest for Life: Spiritual and Material Striving in Rural India. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-19468-4.
- ↑ Michelutti, Lucia (2002). Sons of Krishna: the politics of Yadav community formation in a north Indian town. University of London.
- ↑ Singh, Bhrigupati (2015). Poverty and the Quest for Life. University of Chicago. p. 146. ISBN 978-0-226-19468-4.
- ↑ Dahlaquist, Allan (1996). Megasthenes and Indian Religion. Motilal Banarsidass Publisher. p. 85. ISBN 9788120813236.
- ↑ Guha, Sumit (2006). Environment and Ethnicity in India, 1200-1991. University of Cambridge. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-521-02870-7.