Yamagata Prefecture 山形県 | |||||||||||||||
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Japanese transcription(s) | |||||||||||||||
• Japanese | 山形県 | ||||||||||||||
• Rōmaji | Yamagata-ken | ||||||||||||||
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Country | Japan | ||||||||||||||
Region | Tōhoku | ||||||||||||||
Island | Honshu | ||||||||||||||
Capital | Yamagata | ||||||||||||||
Subdivisions | Districts: 8, Municipalities: 35 | ||||||||||||||
Government | |||||||||||||||
• Governor | Mieko Yoshimura | ||||||||||||||
Area | |||||||||||||||
• Total | 9,325.15 km2 (3,600.46 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||
Area rank | 9th | ||||||||||||||
Population (June 1, 2019) | |||||||||||||||
• Total | 1,079,950 | ||||||||||||||
• Rank | 35th | ||||||||||||||
• Density | 120/km2 (300/sq mi) | ||||||||||||||
ISO 3166 code | JP-06 | ||||||||||||||
Website | www | ||||||||||||||
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Yamagata Prefecture (山形県, Yamagata-ken) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. [1] Yamagata Prefecture has a population of 1,079,950 (1 June 2019) and has a geographic area of 9,325 km² (3,600 sq mi). Yamagata Prefecture borders Akita Prefecture to the north, Miyagi Prefecture to the east, Fukushima Prefecture to the south, and Niigata Prefecture to the southwest.
Yamagata is the capital and largest city of Yamagata Prefecture, with other major cities including Tsuruoka, Sakata, and Yonezawa. [2] Yamagata Prefecture is located on Japan's western Sea of Japan coast and its borders with neighboring prefectures are formed by various mountain ranges, with 17% of its total land area being designated as Natural Parks. Yamagata Prefecture formed the southern half of the historic Dewa Province with Akita Prefecture and is home to the Three Mountains of Dewa, which includes the Haguro Five-story Pagoda, a recognised National Treasure of Japan.
The aboriginal Ezo (蝦夷) people once inhabited the area now known as Yamagata. Yamagata and Akita Prefecture were known as Dewa Province until the Meiji Restoration. [3]
During the Heian period (794–1185), the Fujiwara (藤原) family ruled the area. Yamagata City flourished during the Edo period (1603–1867) due to its status as a castle town and post station, famous for beni (red safflower dye used in the production of handspun silk). In 1689, the famous haiku poet, Matsuo Bashō visited Yamagata during his five-month trip to the northern regions of Japan.
Yamagata Prefecture is located in the southwest corner of Tōhoku, facing the Sea of Japan. It borders Niigata Prefecture and Fukushima Prefecture on the south, Miyagi Prefecture on the east, and Akita Prefecture on the north. All of these boundaries are marked by mountains, with most of the population residing in a limited central plain.
As of 31 March 2020, 17 percent of the total land area of the prefecture was designated as Natural Parks, namely the Bandai-Asahi National Park; Chōkai, Kurikoma, and Zaō Quasi-National Parks; and Goshōzan, Kabusan, Kennan, Mogamigawa, Shōnai Kaihin, and Tendō Kōgen Prefectural Natural Parks. [4]
Thirteen cities are located in Yamagata Prefecture:
These are the towns and villages in each district:
The climate of Yamagata Prefecture is characterized by long, hot, and humid summers and long, snowy winters. Both spring and autumn are short, the former often cold, the latter often warm, but both quite dry and sunny. Yamagata Prefecture, along with northern parts of Miyagi and Iwate are the transition areas from humid subtropical climate (Koppen Cfa/Cwa) to humid continental within the Japan mainland. Winter temperatures rarely fall below −10 °C (14 °F) in populated areas; they frequently rise above 30 °C (86 °F) in July and August. Precipitation falls all year round and the remnants of one or perhaps two typhoons usually pass through between August and October. The winters see heavy snowfall especially at higher elevations, though the Japan Sea coast (Sakata) is milder and has more rain. Snowfall for Shinjō is typical of populated mountainous areas, snowfall for Yamagata City typical of the valleys. The central mountains around Gassan may see as much as 3,000 centimetres (98.43 ft) of snow in a season with depths up to 8 metres (26 ft) at higher elevations.
Climate data for Yamagata, Yamagata | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 18.1 (64.6) | 17.3 (63.1) | 23.7 (74.7) | 33.3 (91.9) | 33.4 (92.1) | 35.6 (96.1) | 40.8 (105.4) | 38.9 (102.0) | 36.1 (97.0) | 32.3 (90.1) | 26.9 (80.4) | 20.1 (68.2) | 40.8 (105.4) |
Average high °C (°F) | 3 (37) | 4 (39) | 8 (46) | 16 (61) | 22 (72) | 25 (77) | 28 (82) | 30 (86) | 25 (77) | 19 (66) | 12 (54) | 6 (43) | 16 (61) |
Average low °C (°F) | −4 (25) | −4 (25) | −1 (30) | 4 (39) | 10 (50) | 15 (59) | 19 (66) | 20 (68) | 16 (61) | 9 (48) | 3 (37) | −1 (30) | 7 (45) |
Record low °C (°F) | −20.0 (−4.0) | −19.0 (−2.2) | −15.5 (4.1) | −7.3 (18.9) | −1.8 (28.8) | 3.0 (37.4) | 6.7 (44.1) | 8.4 (47.1) | 3.0 (37.4) | −2.4 (27.7) | −7.2 (19.0) | −15.0 (5.0) | −20.0 (−4.0) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 75 (3.0) | 70 (2.8) | 67 (2.6) | 68 (2.7) | 81 (3.2) | 103 (4.1) | 144 (5.7) | 149 (5.9) | 134 (5.3) | 76 (3.0) | 81 (3.2) | 77 (3.0) | 1,125 (44.3) |
Average snowfall cm (inches) | 163 (64) | 147 (58) | 71 (28) | 3 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 12 (4.7) | 92 (36) | 491 (193) |
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency [5] |
Climate data for Shinjō, Yamagata | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 13.3 (55.9) | 14.0 (57.2) | 19.5 (67.1) | 30.2 (86.4) | 33.5 (92.3) | 32.6 (90.7) | 36.9 (98.4) | 37.4 (99.3) | 33.9 (93.0) | 27.9 (82.2) | 22.5 (72.5) | 19.0 (66.2) | 37.4 (99.3) |
Average high °C (°F) | 1 (34) | 2 (36) | 6 (43) | 14 (57) | 20 (68) | 24 (75) | 27 (81) | 29 (84) | 24 (75) | 18 (64) | 11 (52) | 4 (39) | 15 (59) |
Average low °C (°F) | −4 (25) | −4 (25) | −2 (28) | 3 (37) | 9 (48) | 14 (57) | 19 (66) | 20 (68) | 15 (59) | 8 (46) | 3 (37) | −1 (30) | 7 (45) |
Record low °C (°F) | −19.6 (−3.3) | −20.2 (−4.4) | −16.5 (2.3) | −9.3 (15.3) | −2.1 (28.2) | 3.7 (38.7) | 7.6 (45.7) | 10.9 (51.6) | 4.1 (39.4) | −0.8 (30.6) | −5.8 (21.6) | −15.2 (4.6) | −20.2 (−4.4) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 181 (7.1) | 145 (5.7) | 112 (4.4) | 98 (3.9) | 107 (4.2) | 131 (5.2) | 186 (7.3) | 175 (6.9) | 153 (6.0) | 152 (6.0) | 195 (7.7) | 211 (8.3) | 1,843 (72.6) |
Average snowfall cm (inches) | 283 (111) | 242 (95) | 134 (53) | 20 (7.9) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 28 (11) | 168 (66) | 878 (346) |
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency [6] |
Climate data for Sakata, Yamagata | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 15.5 (59.9) | 21.6 (70.9) | 22.6 (72.7) | 28.6 (83.5) | 31.3 (88.3) | 31.8 (89.2) | 36.9 (98.4) | 40.1 (104.2) | 35.1 (95.2) | 30.9 (87.6) | 24.2 (75.6) | 19.0 (66.2) | 40.1 (104.2) |
Average high °C (°F) | 4 (39) | 4 (39) | 8 (46) | 14 (57) | 19 (66) | 23 (73) | 27 (81) | 29 (84) | 25 (77) | 19 (66) | 13 (55) | 8 (46) | 16 (61) |
Average low °C (°F) | −1 (30) | −2 (28) | 1 (34) | 5 (41) | 11 (52) | 16 (61) | 20 (68) | 21 (70) | 17 (63) | 10 (50) | 5 (41) | 1 (34) | 9 (48) |
Record low °C (°F) | −16.9 (1.6) | −12.8 (9.0) | −9.9 (14.2) | −3.7 (25.3) | −0.2 (31.6) | 7.5 (45.5) | 9.5 (49.1) | 13.2 (55.8) | 7.0 (44.6) | 1.4 (34.5) | −5.1 (22.8) | −12.5 (9.5) | −16.9 (1.6) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 153 (6.0) | 115 (4.5) | 104 (4.1) | 106 (4.2) | 117 (4.6) | 128 (5.0) | 186 (7.3) | 176 (6.9) | 185 (7.3) | 174 (6.9) | 224 (8.8) | 202 (8.0) | 1,861 (73.3) |
Average snowfall cm (inches) | 138 (54) | 120 (47) | 43 (17) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 10 (3.9) | 64 (25) | 375 (148) |
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency [7] |
Yamagata Prefecture is the largest producer of cherries and pears in Japan. A large quantity of other kinds of fruits such as grapes, apples, peaches, melons, persimmons and watermelons are also produced.
As of October 2014, Yamagata Prefecture had a population of 1,131,000. [8] The prefecture also has one of the oldest populations in Japan. As of 2004, 12.8% of the population was aged between 65 and 74, and 12.1% was over 75 (the fourth and third highest in Japan, respectively). [9] Over 40% of households in Yamagata contain one or more relatives aged 65 or over (one of the three highest in Japan). [10]
Per Japanese census data, [11] and, [12] population of Yamagata has changed significantly with Yamagata 2020 having roughly same population as Yamagata 1930
Year | Pop. | ±% |
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1890 | 742,600 | — |
1920 | 969,000 | +30.5% |
1930 | 1,080,000 | +11.5% |
1940 | 1,119,000 | +3.6% |
1950 | 1,357,347 | +21.3% |
1960 | 1,321,000 | −2.7% |
1970 | 1,226,000 | −7.2% |
1980 | 1,252,000 | +2.1% |
1990 | 1,258,000 | +0.5% |
2000 | 1,244,147 | −1.1% |
2010 | 1,168,924 | −6.0% |
2020 | 1,079,950 | −7.6% |
Yamagata Prefecture has a number of annual festivals and events.
The largest is the Yamagata Hanagasa Festival (花笠祭り) which takes place in Yamagata City on the first weekend in August, when thousands of people perform the hanagasa dance in the city centre and attracts up to 300,000 spectators. Yamagata City is the home of the bi-annual Yamagata International Documentary Film Festival in October.
In February, a snow lantern festival is held in Yonezawa at the Uesugi Shrine. Hundreds of candle-lit lanterns light pathways dug into the snow around the shrine. Yonezawa is also the site of the Uesugi Festival (上杉祭り, uesugi matsuri) in mid-spring. The festival's highlight is a re-enactment of the Battle of Kawanakajima on the banks of the Matsukawa River.
In September, Yamagata Prefecture is famous for its imoni, a taro-root stew popular in Northern Japan during the autumn. Imonikai, taro-root soup parties, are very popular during this season, and many tourists come to Yamagata Prefecture specifically for its particular style of imoni.
Beginning in 2003, Yamagata city officials with the aid of Tōhoku University of Art and Design began a three-year project in which the Buddhist art of the city's temples would be catalogued and compared to a set of guidelines in order to identify "cultural assets". [13] One hundred and ninety temples have had their works of art examined and several significant examples of Buddhist sculpture have been discovered. At Heisenji Temple, in the Hirashimizu district, a particularly rare statue, a seated Vairocana Buddha made from zelkova wood, was found. Other significant works include sculptures from the Heian period (794–1185) and Kamakura period (1192–1333).
The Yamagata Museum of Art, located in Yamagata City, was opened in 1964 through the efforts of a foundation led by Yoshio Hattori, the president of Yamagata Shimbun and Yamagata Broadcasting Co, Ltd. The permanent collection consists of three types of art: Japanese and Asian, regional, and French. Special exhibitions are held periodically.
Yamagata Prefecture is known for its local dialect Yamagata-ben, sometimes thought of as backward sounding in other parts of Japan. The 2004 movie Swing Girls (スウィングガールズ), co-written and directed by Shinobu Yaguchi, is set in Yamagata and makes use of Yamagata-ben for comedic purposes.
The sports teams listed below are based in Yamagata.
Football (soccer)
Volleyball
Basketball
The temple of Yama-dera, carved into the mountainside near the city of Yamagata, is a major attraction.
The Dewa Sanzan are three holy mountains that form a traditional pilgrimage for followers of the Shugendō branch of Shintō. The famous Gojudo (five-story pagoda) is at the base of Mount Haguro, the lowest of the three mountains.
Mount Zaō is a famous winter ski resort, also known for its snow monsters (frozen snow-covered trees) in the winter, and the Okama crater lake, also known as the Goshiki Numa (Five Color Lake) because its colour changes according to the weather.
Akita Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. Its population is approximately 966,000 and its geographic area is 11,637 km². Akita Prefecture borders Aomori Prefecture to the north, Iwate Prefecture to the east, Miyagi Prefecture to the southeast, and Yamagata Prefecture to the south.
The Tōhoku region, Northeast region, or Northeast Japan consists of the northeastern portion of Honshu, the largest island of Japan. This traditional region consists of six prefectures (ken): Akita, Aomori, Fukushima, Iwate, Miyagi, and Yamagata.
Yamagata is the capital city of Yamagata Prefecture located in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan. As of 1 February 2020, the city had an estimated population of 248,772 in 103,165 households, and a population density of 650 persons per km². The total area of the city is 381.58 square kilometres (147 sq mi).
Yonezawa is a city in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 February 2020, the city had an estimated population of 81,707 in 33278 households, and a population density of 150 persons per km². The total area of the city is 548.51 square kilometres (212 sq mi). Yonezawa is most famous for its local delicacies and for being a castle town that was once home to the Uesugi clan, including the daimyō Uesugi Yozan.
Tsuruoka is a city in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2020, the city had an estimated population of 125,389 in 49,024 households, and a population density of 95.74 persons per km². The total area of the city is 1,311.53 square kilometres. Tsuruoka is the biggest city in Tōhoku region in terms of surface area.
Sakata is a city located in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2015, the city has an estimated population of 106,244 in 39320 households, and a population density of 180 people per km². The total area of the city is 602.97 square kilometres (232.81 sq mi).
Shinjō is a city in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 January 2020, the city had an estimated population of 34,937, and a population density of 160 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 223.08 km2.
Dewa Province was a province of Japan comprising modern-day Yamagata Prefecture and Akita Prefecture, except for the city of Kazuno and the town of Kosaka. Dewa bordered on Mutsu and Echigō Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Ushū (羽州).
Mamurogawa is a town located in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. As of 29 February 2020, the town has an estimated population of 7,506 in 2678 households, and a population density of 20 persons per km². The total area of the town is 374.29 square kilometres (145 sq mi).
Tozawa is a village located in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 February 2020, the village had an estimated population of 4.431 in 1602 households, and a population density of 17 persons per km². The total area of the village is 261.31 square kilometres (101 sq mi).
Higashitagawa District is a rural district located in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. As of October 2013, the district has an estimated population of 29,957 and an area of 282.47 km². Much of the city of Tsuruoka and a portion of the city of Sakata was formerly part of Higashitagawa District.
The Rikuu East Line is a railway line in Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company. It connects Kogota Station in Misato, Miyagi Prefecture to Shinjō Station in Shinjō, Yamagata Prefecture, acting as a connector between the Tōhoku Main Line, Ōu Main Line, and Tōhoku Shinkansen in the southern Tōhoku region, and provides access to north-western Miyagi Prefecture and north-eastern Yamagata Prefecture.
Bandai-Asahi National Park is a national park in the Tōhoku region, Honshū, Japan. The park site straddles over Fukushima Prefecture, Yamagata Prefecture, and Niigata Prefecture. The park was designated as a national park on September 5, 1950. The park encompasses 186,404 ha of land, consisting of three independent units: the Dewasanzan-asahi Region, Iide Region, and Bandaiazuma-Inawashiro Region.
National Route 13 is a highway in Japan on the island of Honshū which runs from Fukushima in Fukushima Prefecture to Akita in Akita Prefecture.
The Tōhoku-Chūō Expressway is a 2-laned national expressway in the Tōhoku region of Japan. It is owned and operated by East Nippon Expressway Company and Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT). The expressway is numbered E13 under the MLIT's "2016 Proposal for Realization of Expressway Numbering."
The Tōhoku dialect, commonly called 東北弁 Tōhoku-ben, is a group of the Japanese dialects spoken in the Tōhoku region, the northeastern region of Honshū. Toward the northern part of Honshū, the Tōhoku dialect can differ so dramatically from standard Japanese that it is sometimes rendered with subtitles in the nationwide media and it has been treated as the typical rural accent in Japanese popular culture.
Miyagi Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. Miyagi Prefecture has a population of 2,305,596 and has a geographic area of 7,282 km2 (2,812 sq mi). Miyagi Prefecture borders Iwate Prefecture to the north, Akita Prefecture to the northwest, Yamagata Prefecture to the west, and Fukushima Prefecture to the south.
The Haguro Jinja (羽黒神社) is a Shinto shrine in the city of Yonezawa, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. It is one of many shrines in the region dedicated to the kami of the Dewa Sanzan.
Oguni Castle was a Nanboku-chō period yamashiro-style Japanese castle located in what is now part of the city of Tsuruoka, Yamagata Prefecture in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan. The site has been protected by the central government as a National Historic Site since 2002. The site is approximately 30 minutes by car from Atsumi Onsen Station on the JR East Uetsu Main Line. It should not be confused with another Oguni Castle in Dewa Province, located in the Mogami region.
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