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Russian literature refers to the literature of Russia, its émigrés, and to Russian-language literature. Major contributors to Russian literature, as well as English for instance, are authors of different ethnic origins, including bilingual writers, such as Kyrgyz novelist Chinghiz Aitmatov. At the same time, Russian-language literature does not include works by authors from the Russian Federation who write exclusively or primarily in the native languages of the indigenous non-Russian ethnic groups in Russia, thus the famous Dagestani poet Rasul Gamzatov is omitted.
The Khanty, also known in older literature as Ostyaks, are a Ugric Indigenous people, living in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, a region historically known as "Yugra" in Russia, together with the Mansi. In the autonomous okrug, the Khanty and Mansi languages are given co-official status with Russian. In the 2021 Census, 31,467 persons identified themselves as Khanty. Of those, 30,242 were resident in Tyumen Oblast, of whom 19,568 were living in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and 9,985—in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. 495 were residents of neighbouring Tomsk Oblast, and 109 lived in Sverdlovsk Oblast.
The Great Soviet Encyclopedia is one of the largest Russian-language encyclopedias, published in the Soviet Union from 1926 to 1990. After 2002, the encyclopedia's data was partially included into the later Boljšaja rossijskaja enciklopjedija in an updated and revised form. The GSE claimed to be "the first Marxist–Leninist general-purpose encyclopedia".
Viktor Borisovich Shklovsky was a Russian and Soviet literary theorist, critic, writer, and pamphleteer. He is one of the major figures associated with Russian formalism.
Andrei Platonovich Platonov was a Soviet Russian novelist, short story writer, philosopher, playwright, and poet. Although Platonov regarded himself as a communist, his principal works remained unpublished in his lifetime because of their skeptical attitude toward collectivization of agriculture (1929–1940) and other Stalinist policies, as well as for their experimental, avant-garde form infused with existentialism which was not in line with the dominant socialist realism doctrine. His famous works include the novels Chevengur (1928) and The Foundation Pit (1930).
Boris Nikolayevich Polevoy was a Soviet and Russian writer, screenwriter, journalist and war correspondent. He is the author of the book Story of a Real Man about Soviet World War II fighter pilot Aleksey Maresyev.
Ilya Ilf and Yevgeny Petrov were two Soviet prose authors of the 1920s and 1930s. They did much of their writing together, and are almost always referred to as "Ilf and Petrov". They were natives of Odessa.
Yugra or Yugor Land was a collective name for lands and peoples in the region east of the northern Ural Mountains in modern Russia given by Russian chroniclers in the 12th to 17th centuries. During this period, the region was inhabited by the Khanty (Ostyaks) and Mansi (Voguls) peoples.
Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak was a Soviet writer of Belarusian Jewish origin, translator and poet who wrote for both children and adults. He translated the sonnets and some other of the works of William Shakespeare, English poetry, and poetry from other languages. Maxim Gorky proclaimed Marshak to be "the founder of Russia's (Soviet) children's literature".
Nikolai Nikolayevich Aseyev was a Russian and Soviet Futurist poet and writer.
Vladimir Nikolayevich Toporov was a leading Russian philologist associated with the Tartu-Moscow semiotic school. His wife was Tatyana Elizarenkova. He is also recognized as a prominent Balticist.
Author and publisher Valery Nikolaevich Chalidze was a Soviet dissident and human rights activist, deprived of his USSR citizenship in 1972 while on a visit to the US.
Iasyr Shivaza, also known as Xianma, was a Soviet poet, writer, linguist, translator, and social activist, known for his contributions to Dungan art and culture.
Alexander Nikolaevich Samoylovich was a Russian Orientalist-Turkologist who served as a member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1929), Rector of the Leningrad Oriental Institute (1922–1925), academic secretary of the Humanities Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1929–1933), and director of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1934–1937). He was arrested by the NKVD in October 1937, and was executed on 13 February 1938.
Vasily Vasilievich Struve was a Soviet orientalist from the Struve family, the founder of the Soviet scientific school of researchers on Ancient Near East history.
Alexander Nikolayevich Samokhvalov was a Soviet Russian painter, watercolorist, graphic artist, illustrator, art teacher and Honored Arts Worker of the RSFSR, who lived and worked in Leningrad. He was a member of the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation, and was regarded as one of the founders and brightest representatives of the Leningrad school of painting, most famous for his genre and portrait painting.
Vyacheslav Nikolaevich Mironov is a Russian writer and officer of the Soviet then Russian army. He participated in several late- and post-Soviet conflicts including events in Transnistria, Gerorgia, The Georgean-Ossetian conflict and the First Chechen War, where he fought in the rank of captain. He has been awarded the Order of Courage. Vyacheslav Mironov was discharged from the Russian Army and is currently serving in the narcotics division of the Kemerovo Oblast Police in the rank of lieutenant-colonel. His most well-known work I Was in this War' Chechnya 95 published in 1999 deals with his experiences in the First Chechen war during the Battle of Grozny in 1995. It has received several awards and commendations for internet literature and has been translated into several languages. Mironov's books are usually fictionalised accounts of real events and deal with military themes surrounding ordinary officers and soldiers serving in the Soviet and Russian armed forces.
Matrena Vakhrusheva 12 April 1918 – 1 January 2000) was a Mansi linguist, philologist and writer. She is considered a pioneer in the development of Mansi literature and orthography for the Mansi language. She was the first Mansi woman to earn a scientific degree and co-wrote the first Mansi-Russian dictionary.
Mansi alphabets are a writing system used to write the Mansi languages. During its existence, it functioned on different graphic bases and was repeatedly reformed. At present day, the Mansi writing functions in Cyrillic. There are 3 stages in the history of Mansi writing:
