The Wuchang Uprising was an armed rebellion against the ruling Qing dynasty that took place in Wuchang,Hubei,China on 10 October 1911,beginning the Xinhai Revolution that successfully overthrew China's last imperial dynasty. It was led by elements of the New Army,influenced by revolutionary ideas from Tongmenghui. The uprising and the eventual revolution directly led to the downfall of the Qing dynasty with almost three centuries of imperial rule,and the establishment of the Republic of China (ROC),which commemorates the anniversary of the uprising's starting date of 10 October as the National Day of the Republic of China.
Guo Songling was a Chinese general who served in the Fengtian Army under Zhang Zuolin during the Chinese Warlord Era. A republican sympathiser who briefly served under Sun Yat-Sen,he was a teacher of and an important influence on Zhang Zuolin's son,Zhang Xueliang. Citing desire to avoid civil war,he led a three-month rebellion against Zhang Zuolin which led to his defeat and execution.
The Fengtian clique was the faction that supported warlord Zhang Zuolin during China's Warlord Era. It took its name from Fengtian Province,which served as its original base of support. However,the clique quickly came to control all of the Three Northeastern Provinces. The clique received support from Japan in exchange for protecting Japanese military and economic interests in Manchuria. The Fengtian Army frequently intervened in many of the conflicts of the Warlord Era.
Qishan,courtesy name Jing'an,was a Mongol nobleman and official of the late Qing dynasty. He was of Khalkha Mongol and Borjigit descent,and his family was under the Plain Yellow Banner of the Manchu Eight Banners. He is best known for negotiating the Convention of Chuanbi on behalf of the Qing government with the British during the First Opium War of 1839–42.
Zhao Erfeng (1845–1911),courtesy name Jihe,was a late Qing Dynasty official and Han Chinese bannerman who belonged to the Plain Blue Banner. He was an assistant amban in Tibet at Chamdo in Kham. He was appointed in March,1908 under Lien Yu,the main amban in Lhasa. Formerly Director-General of the Sichuan-Hubei Railway and acting viceroy of Sichuan province,Zhao was a much-maligned Chinese general of the late imperial era who led military campaigns throughout Kham,earning himself the nickname "the Butcher of Kham" and "Zhao the Butcher".
Cen Chunxuan,courtesy name Yunjie,was a Zhuang Chinese politician who lived in the late Qing dynasty and Republic of China.
The Viceroy of Shaan-Gan,fully in Chinese as the Governor-General of Shaanxi,Gansu and Other Local Areas,in Charge of Military Affairs,Food and Wages,Tea and Horses and Governor Affairs,was one of eight regional Viceroys during the Qing dynasty. The Viceroy of Shaan-Gan had jurisdiction of military,civil,and political affairs over then Shaanxi Province and then Gansu Province.
The Viceroy of the Three Eastern Provinces,fully in Chinese as the Governor-General of the Three Eastern Provinces and Other Local Areas,and in Charge of Managing the Generals of the Three Provinces and the Governor of Fengtian,was one of eight regional Viceroys during the Qing dynasty. The Viceroy of the Three Eastern Provinces had jurisdiction of military,civil,and political affairs over then Fengtian Province,Jilin Province,and Heilongjiang Province.
The Viceroy of Huguang,fully in Chinese as the Governor-General of Hubei,Hunan and Other Local Areas,in Charge of Military Affairs,Food and Wages and Governor Affairs,was one of eight regional Viceroys during the Qing dynasty. The Viceroy of Huguang had jurisdiction of military,civil,and political affairs over then Hubei Province and then Hunan Province.
The Viceroy of Sichuan,fully in Chinese as the Governor-General of Sichuan and Other Local Areas,in Charge of Military Affairs,Food and Wages and Governor Affairs,was one of eight regional Viceroys during the Qing dynasty. The Viceroy of Sichuan had jurisdiction of military,civil,and political affairs over then Sichuan Province.
Events from the year 1907 in China.
Meng Caicheng was one of the leaders of the Railway Protection Movement,which contributed to the outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution that overthrew the Qing Dynasty and established the Republic of China.
The Jinchuan campaigns,also known as the Suppression of the Jinchuan Hill Peoples,were two wars between Qing Empire and the rebel forces of Gyalrong chieftains ("Tusi") from the Jinchuan region. The first campaign against Chiefdom of Chuchen happened in 1747 when the Tusi of Greater Jinchuan Slob Dpon attacked the Chiefdom of Chakla (Mingzheng). The Qianlong Emperor decided to mobilize forces and suppress Slob Dpon,who surrendered to the central government in 1749. The second campaign against Chiefdom of Tsanlha took place in 1771,when the Jinchuan Tusi Sonom killed Geshitsa Tusi of Ngawa County in Sichuan Province. After Sonom killed Geshitsa Tusi,he helped Tusi of Lesser Jinchuan,Skal bzang,to occupy the lands belonging to the other Tusi in the region. The provincial government ordered Sonom to return lands and accept the trial at the Ministry of Justice immediately. Sonom refused to retreat his rebels. The Qianlong Emperor was furious and gathered 80,000 troops and entered Jinchuan. In 1776,Qing troops sieged the castle of Sonom to force his surrender.
The following lists events that happened during 1909 in China.
Events from the year 1664 in China. Also known as 癸卯年4360 or 4300 to 甲辰年4361 or 4301.
Events from the year 1665 in China.
Events from the year 1667 in China.
Events from the year 1668 in China.
The Qing dynasty (1644–1912) was the last imperial dynasty of China. The early Qing emperors adopted the bureaucratic structures and institutions from the preceding Ming dynasty but split rule between the Han and Manchus with some positions also given to Mongols. Like previous dynasties,the Qing recruited officials via the imperial examination system until the system was abolished in 1905. The Qing divided the positions into civil and military positions,each having nine grades or ranks,each subdivided into a and b categories. Civil appointments ranged from an attendant to the emperor or a grand secretary in the Forbidden City (highest) to being a prefectural tax collector,deputy jail warden,deputy police commissioner,or tax examiner. Military appointments ranged from being a field marshal or chamberlain of the imperial bodyguard to a third class sergeant,corporal or a first or second class private.
Xiliang was a Chinese official of Mongol heritage who served as the Viceroy of several provinces during the late Qing Dynasty. Xiliang was a Qing loyalist who supported moderate reforms and strongly opposed Western imperialism in China. He enthusiastically supported the Self-Strengthening Movement and the New Policies,but he opposed the spread of European culture and was sympathetic to the Boxer Rebellion. His efforts at reform saw mixed results. While generally praised by his superiors,Xiliang was also hampered by opposing factions in the Imperial Court and intervention by Western powers. His provincial administrations occasionally provoked popular unrest and accusations of corruption. During the final years of the Qing,Xiliang became an advocate of constitutional government. He ultimately failed to change Imperial policy in time to prevent the 1911 Revolution and retired from public life after the dynasty fell.
