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Al-Mansur or Abu Ja'far Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Mansur (; Arabic: أبو جعفر عبدالله بن محمد المنصور; 95AH – 158 AH was the second Abbasid Caliph reigning from 136 AH to 158 AH and succeeding As-Saffah. He is known for founding the 'Round City' of Madinat al-Salam which was to become the core of imperial Baghdad.
Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Jābir ibn Sinān al-Raqqī al-Ḥarrānī aṣ-Ṣābiʾ al-Battānī was a Syrian Arab astronomer, and mathematician. He introduced a number of trigonometric relations, and his Kitāb az-Zīj was frequently quoted by many medieval astronomers, including Copernicus. Often called the "Ptolemy of the Arabs", al-Battani is perhaps the greatest and best known astronomer of the medieval Islamic world.
Ibrahim ibn Habib ibn Sulayman ibn Samura ibn Jundab al-Fazari was an 8th-century Muslim mathematician and astronomer at the Abbasid court of the Caliph Al-Mansur (r. 754–775). He should not to be confused with his son Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī, also an astronomer. He composed various astronomical writings.
Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Habib ibn Sulayman ibn Samra ibn Jundab al-Fazari was a Muslim philosopher, mathematician and astronomer. He is not to be confused with his father Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī, also an astronomer and mathematician. Some sources refer to him as an Arab, other sources state that he was a Persian. Al-Fazārī translated many scientific books into Arabic and Persian. He is credited to have built the first astrolabe in the Islamic world. Along with Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq and his father he helped translate the Indian astronomical text by Brahmagupta, the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta, into Arabic as Az-Zīj ‛alā Sinī al-‛Arab., or the Sindhind. This translation was possibly the vehicle by means of which the Hindu numerals were transmitted from India to Islam.
Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq was an 8th-century Persian astronomer and mathematician who lived in Baghdad.
This timeline of science and engineering in the Muslim world covers the time period from the eighth century AD to the introduction of European science to the Muslim world in the nineteenth century. All year dates are given according to the Gregorian calendar except where noted.
Abu al-Qasim Maslama ibn Ahmad al-Majriti, known or Latin as Methilem, was an Arab Muslim astronomer, chemist, mathematician, economist and Scholar in Islamic Spain, active during the reign of Al-Hakam II. His full name is Abu ’l-Qāsim Maslama ibn Aḥmad al-Faraḍī al-Ḥāsib al-Maj̲rīṭī al-Qurṭubī al-Andalusī.
Zīj-i Īlkhānī or Ilkhanic Tables is a Zij book with astronomical tables of planetary movements. It was compiled by the Muslim astronomer Nasir al-Din al-Tusi in collaboration with his research team of astronomers at the Maragha observatory. It was written in Persian and later translated into Arabic.
Muḥyī al‐Milla wa al‐Dīn Yaḥyā Abū ʿAbdallāh ibn Muḥammad ibn Abī al‐Shukr al‐Maghribī al‐Andalusī was an Andalusī astronomer, astrologer and mathematician of the Islamic Golden Age. He belonged to the group of astronomers associated with the Maragheh observatory, most notably Nasir al-Din al-Tusi. In astronomy, Ibn Abi al-Shukr carried out a large‐scale project of systematic planetary observations, which led to the development of several new astronomical parameters.
A zij is an Islamic astronomical book that tabulates parameters used for astronomical calculations of the positions of the Sun, Moon, stars, and planets.
Abū al-Fath Abd al-Rahman Mansūr al-Khāzini or simply al-Khāzini was an Iranian astronomer of Greek origin from Seljuk Persia. His astronomical tables written under the patronage of Sultan Sanjar is considered to be one of the major works in mathematical astronomy of the medieval period. He provided the positions of fixed stars, and for oblique ascensions and time-equations for the latitude of Marv in which he was based. He also wrote extensively on various calendrical systems and on the various manipulations of the calendars. He was the author of an encyclopedia on scales and water-balances.
Ṣāʿid al-Andalusī ; he was Abū al-Qāsim Ṣāʿid ibn Abū al-Walīd Aḥmad ibn Abd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn Ṣāʿid ibn ʿUthmān al-Taghlibi al-Qūrtūbi ; an Arab qadi of Toledo in Muslim Spain, who wrote on the history of science, philosophy and thought. He practised as a mathematical scientist with a special interest in astronomy, and compiled a famous biographic encyclopedia of science that quickly became popular in the empire and the Islamic East.
Abu Raja Al-Sindi(Arabic)ابو راجه السندي was an Arabic scholar of Sindhi origin in the present day Pakistan. He specialised in the study of Quran, Hadith and Arab literature. He is ranked among the foremost poets of Arabic from Mansura, Sindh. He was also a teacher to many Arab scholars, administrators and travellers to Sindh.
Abu al-Tayyib Sanad ibn Ali al-Yahudi, was an eighth-century Iraqi Jewish astronomer, translator, mathematician and engineer employed at the court of the Abbasid caliph Al-Ma'mun. A later convert to Islam, Sanad's father was a learned Jewish astronomer who lived and worked in Baghdad.
Abu Muhammad Abd al-Haqq al‐Ghafiqi al‐Ishbili, known as Ibn al‐Hāʾim was a medieval Muslim astronomer and mathematician from Seville in Al-Andalus. He began his studies as a mathematician and studied the works of Al-Jayyani and Jabir ibn Aflah. He was the author of the al‐Zīj al‐kāmil fī al‐talim.
Abu al‐Qasim Ahmad ibn Abd Allah ibn Umar al‐Ghafiqī ibn al-Saffar al‐Andalusi, also known as Ibn al-Saffar, was a Spanish-Arab astronomer in Al-Andalus. He worked at the school founded by his colleague Al-Majriti in Córdoba. His best-known work was a treatise on the astrolabe, a text that was in active use until the 15th century and influenced the work of Kepler. He also wrote a commentary on the Zij al-Sindhind, and measured the coordinates of Mecca.
The Golden Age of Islam, which saw a flourishing of science, notably mathematics and astronomy, especially during the 9th and 10th centuries, had a notable Indian influence.
Ibn al‐Ādamī, was a 10th-century Islamic astronomer who wrote an influential work of zij based on Indian sources. The book, now lost, uses the Indian methods found in the Sindhind. The 11th-century historian Sa'id al-Andalusi informs us that the theory of trepidation that became known to Europe and was ascribed to Thabit ibn Qurra can be found instead in the Zij of Ibn al-Adami, who himself may have known of this theory from Thabit's grandon, Ibrahim ibn Sinan. Ibn al-Adami is also the source for the story of how Indian astronomy reached the court of Caliph al-Mansur in the early 770s in Baghdad.
Ibn Al‐Raqqam Muḥammad Ibn Ibrahim Al‐Mursi Al‐Andalusi Al‐Tunisi Al‐Awsi also known as Ibn Al‐Raqqam was a 13th century Andalusian-Arab astronomer, mathematician and physician; but also a Sunni Muslim theologian and jurist.
References
- Plofker, Kim (2007). "Fazārī: Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al‐Fazārī". In Thomas Hockey; et al. (eds.). The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. New York: Springer. pp. 362–3. ISBN 978-0-387-31022-0. (PDF version)
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