Škoda 10 cm vz. 38 howitzer

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Škoda 10 cm vz. 38
Tvrz-dobrosov-3.jpg
Mock up of a Škoda 10 cm vz. 38 howitzer N-D-S 75 at fortress Dobrošov near Náchod.
Place of originCzechoslovakia
Service history
Wars World War II
Production history
DesignerSkoda
Designed1935
ManufacturerSkoda
Produced1938
No. built15
Specifications
Length3.25 m (10 ft 8 in)
Barrel  length2.5 m (8 ft 2 in)
Crew2

Shell Fixed QF ammunition
Shell weight16 kg (35 lb)
Caliber 100 mm (3.9 in)
Breech Semi-automatic vertical sliding breech block
CarriageSingle mount casemates
Elevation -10° to +38°
Traverse Early mounts: -22.3° to +22.3°
Later mounts: -30° to +30°
Rate of fire 7 rpm
Muzzle velocity 525 m/s (1,720 ft/s)
Maximum firing range12 km (7.5 mi)

The Škoda 10 cm vz. 38 was a light howitzer deployed in single gun defensive casemates in the Czechoslovak border fortifications before World War II.

Czechoslovak border fortifications architectural structure

The Czechoslovak government built a system of border fortifications as well as some fortified defensive lines inland, from 1935 to 1938 as a defensive countermeasure against the rising threat of Nazi Germany. The objective of the fortifications was to prevent the taking of key areas by an enemy—not only Germany but also Hungary and Poland—by means of a sudden attack before the mobilization of the Czechoslovak Army could be completed, and to enable effective defense until allies—Britain and France, and possibly the Soviet Union—could help.

World War II 1939–1945 global war

World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. A state of total war emerged, directly involving more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. The major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.

History

The Škoda 10 cm vz. 38 was developed and built by Škoda at the Pilsen works. Development of the howitzer began in March 1935 after an order was placed by the Czechoslovakian Department of National Defense. The design was based on an existing field howitzer the 10 cm vz. 30. The howitzer was put into production during 1938 and fifteen were completed and deployed in Czech border fortifications then under construction. The howitzers never saw action against the Germans being victims of the September 30th 1938 Munich Agreement which ceded the Sudetenland to Germany. After World War II all fifteen howitzers were scrapped. Today two wood and metal mock ups of the howitzers are housed in the museum of artillery at fort Dobrošov near Náchod. The mock ups were acquired in 1973 from the museum of artillery at fort Hanicka and used as props in the filming of Days of betrayal by director Otakar Vavra.

Plzeň Statutory City in Czech Republic

Plzeň, also called Pilsen in English and German, is a city in the Czech Republic. About 90 kilometres west of Prague in western Bohemia, it is the fourth most populous city in the Czech Republic.

10 cm houfnice vz. 30 (howitzer) Czech howitzer

The 10 cm houfnice vz. 30 was a Czechoslovak howitzer used in the Second World War. The 158 weapons captured after the German invasion of Czechoslovakia in March 1939 were taken into Wehrmacht service as the 10 cm leFH 30(t). It was used by a variety of German units during World War II, including II. and III./SS-Artillerie-Abteilung 3 between 1939 and 1940 and SS-Artillerie-Abteilung 51 during 1941. 30 served with the Slovak Army.

Munich Agreement 1938 cession of German-speaking Czechoslovakia to the Nazis

The Munich Agreement or Munich Betrayal was an agreement between France and Nazi Germany, that France would not provide military assistance to Czechoslovakia in the upcoming German occupation of the "Sudetenland", effectively dishonoring the French-Czechoslovak alliance and allowing Nazi Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland, a region of western Czechoslovakia inhabited by 800,000 people, mainly German speakers. Adolf Hitler announced it was his last territorial claim in Europe, and the choice seemed to be between war and appeasement. An emergency meeting of the main European powers – not including the Soviet Union, an ally to both France and Czechoslovakia – took place in Munich, Germany, on 29–30 September 1938. An agreement was quickly reached on Hitler's terms. It was signed by the top leaders of Germany, France, Great Britain, and Italy. Czechoslovakia was not invited to the conference. Militarily, the Sudetenland was of strategic importance to Czechoslovakia as most of its border defenses were situated there to protect against a German attack. The agreement between the four powers was signed on the backdrop of a low-intensity undeclared German-Czechoslovak war that had started on 17 September 1938. Meanwhile Poland, which was relying on German–Polish Non-Aggression Pact, also moved its army units towards common border with Czechoslovakia, attempting to breach it by use of paramilitary units after 23 September 1938. Facing combined force of German and Polish army alongside most of its border, with major part of the remaining border being with Hungary, Czechoslovakia yielded to French and British diplomatic pressure and ceded the Sudetenland to Germany in line with the terms of the agreement. The agreement was soon followed by the First Vienna Award which set the new border between Czechoslovakia and Hungary, while Poland also annexed territories from Czechoslovakia. In March 1939, the First Slovak Republic was proclaimed and shortly by the creation of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia Germany took full control of the Czech parts. As a result, Czechoslovakia was dismembered.

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