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| 122nd Division (1948–52) 122nd Infantry Division (1952-60) 122nd Army Division (1960-85) | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1948.11 - 1985 |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Branch | People's Liberation Army |
| Type | Division |
| Role | Infantry |
| Part of | 41st Army Corps |
| Garrison/HQ | Chikan District, Guangdong |
| Engagements | Chinese Civil War, Sino-Vietnam War |
The 122nd Division (Chinese :第122师) was created in November 1948 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, [1] basing on the 11th Division, 4th Column of PLA Fourth Field Army. Its history could be trace to 6th Division of Shandong Military District, formed in August 1945.
Chinese is a group of related, but in many cases not mutually intelligible, language varieties, forming the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Chinese is spoken by the ethnic Chinese majority and many minority ethnic groups in China. About 1.2 billion people speak some form of Chinese as their first language.
The Fourth Field Army was a military formation of the People's Liberation Army. It was formed during the Chinese Civil War by existing members of Eighth Route Army and New Fourth Army stationed in Manchuria along with others, where they fought against the Republic of China government. The army also incorporated elements of the former Manchurian occupation forces, which included around 30 thousand Japanese troops. The army was commanded by Lin Biao, and it was involved in many crucial battles including the Liaoshen Campaign.
The division was a part of 41st Corps. Under the flag of 122nd the division took part in several major battles during the Chinese Civil War, including the Laoshen and Pingjin Campaign. The division was composed of 364th, 365th and 366th Infantry Regiments.
The Chinese Civil War was a civil war in China fought between the Kuomintang (KMT)-led government of the Republic of China and the Communist Party of China (CPC) lasting intermittently between 1927 and 1949. Although particular attention is paid to the four years of fighting from 1945 to 1949, the war actually started in August 1927, after the KMT-CPC Alliance collapsed during the Northern Expedition. The conflict took place in two stages, the first between 1927 and 1937, and the second from 1946 to 1950; the Second Sino-Japanese War from 1937 to 1945 was an interlude in which the two sides were united against the forces of Japan. The Civil War resulted in a major revolution in China, with the Communists gaining control of mainland China and establishing the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, forcing the Republic of China (ROC) to retreat to Taiwan. A lasting political and military standoff between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait ensued, with the ROC in Taiwan and the PRC in mainland China both officially claiming to be the legitimate government of all China.
In October 1952, 366th Infantry Regiment detached from the division and filled into 45th Division fighting in the bloody Battle of Triangle Hill. 392nd Infantry Regiment from 131st Division attached and redesignated as the new 366th Infantry Regiment.
The 45th Division, latterly known as 45th Airborne Division is a military formation of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) and People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) of the People's Republic of China (PRC). It is now one of two mobile divisions of PLA 15th Airborne Corps, and a Rapid Reaction, First Level unit.
The Battle of Triangle Hill, also known as Operation Showdown or the Shangganling Campaign, was a protracted military engagement during the Korean War. The main combatants were two United Nations (UN) infantry divisions, with additional support from the United States Air Force, against elements of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA) 15th and 12th Corps. The battle was part of UN attempts to gain control of "The Iron Triangle", and took place from 14 October to 25 November 1952.
The 131st Division was created in November 1948 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on the 20th Division, 7th Column of the PLA Northeastern Field Army. Its history can be traced to 2nd Security Brigade of Liaoji Military District formed in December 1946.
In April 1953 502nd Artillery Regiment activated. By then the division was composed of:
- 366th Infantry Regiment;
- 367th Infantry Regiment;
- 368th Infantry Regiment;
- 502nd Artillery Regiment.
In July 1953, the division took part in the Dongshan Island Campaign,
The Dongshan Island Campaign was a series of battles fought on Dongshan Island, Fujian between the Nationalists and the Communists during the Chinese Civil War when the nationalists unsuccessfully attempted to retake the island from the Communists. The campaign was the last and largest battle between two sides since the Nationalists withdrew to Taiwan. After this defeat, the nationalists realized that it was never practical to launch any large scale counterattack against the mainland on a similar scale again. Instead, the nationalist strikes against the mainland were reduced to limited infiltration and skirmishes.
In April 1960 the division was renamed as 122nd Army Division(Chinese :陆军第122师).
In 1962 the division was catalogued as a "small division".
In 1969, 502nd Artillery Regiment was renamed as Artillery Regiment, 122nd Army Division.
In February 1979, the division took part in the Sino-Vietnam War. During the conflict the division inflicted 2730 casualties to confronting PAVN units.
In 1985 the division was disbanded. 364th Infantry Regiment was transferred to 121st Infantry Division.
