Infantry is the branch of an army that engages in military combat on foot, distinguished from cavalry, artillery, and tank forces. Also known as foot soldiers, infantry traditionally relies on moving by foot between combats as well, but may also use mounts, military vehicles, or other transport. Infantry make up a large portion of all armed forces in most nations, and typically bear the largest brunt in warfare, as measured by casualties, deprivation, or physical and psychological stress.
A regiment is a military unit. Their role and size varies markedly, depending on the country and the arm of service.
The American Civil War was a war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865, between the North and the South. The Civil War is the most studied and written about episode in U.S. history. Primarily as a result of the long-standing controversy over the enslavement of black people, war broke out in April 1861 when secessionist forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina shortly after Abraham Lincoln had been inaugurated as the President of the United States. The loyalists of the Union in the North proclaimed support for the Constitution. They faced secessionists of the Confederate States in the South, who advocated for states' rights to uphold slavery.
The 85th Indiana Volunteer Infantry was organized at Terre Haute, Indiana, September 2, 1862. Ordered to Kentucky and duty at Covington, Lexington, Nicholasville, and Danville, Ky., until January 26, 1863. Attached to 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, Army of Kentucky, Department of the Ohio, September–October, 1862. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, Army of Kentucky, Department of the Ohio, to February 1863. Coburn's Brigade, Baird's Division, Army of Kentucky, Department of the Cumberland, to June 1863. 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, Reserve Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to October 1863. Coburn's unattached Brigade, Post Murfreesboro, Tennessee, Department of the Cumberland, to January 1864. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, XI Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to April 1864. 2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, XX Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to June 1865.
Terre Haute is a city in and the county seat of Vigo County, Indiana, United States, near the state's western border with Illinois. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 60,785 and its metropolitan area had a population of 170,943.
Kentucky, officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state located in the east south-central region of the United States. Although styled as the "State of Kentucky" in the law creating it, (because in Kentucky's first constitution, the name state was used) Kentucky is one of four U.S. states constituted as a commonwealth. Originally a part of Virginia, in 1792 Kentucky became the 15th state to join the Union. Kentucky is the 37th most extensive and the 26th most populous of the 50 United States.
Covington is a city in Kenton County, Kentucky, United States, located at the confluence of the Ohio and Licking Rivers. Cincinnati, Ohio, lies to its north across the Ohio and Newport, Kentucky, to its east across the Licking. Part of the Cincinnati–Northern Kentucky metropolitan area, Covington had a population of 40,640 at the time of the 2010 U.S. census, making it the fifth-most populous city in Kentucky. It is one of its county's two seats, along with Independence.
Moved to Louisville, Kentucky, then to Nashville, Tennessee, January 26-February 1. Moved to Brentwood Station, Tenn., February 21, then to Franklin. Action at Franklin March 4, and at Thompson's Station, Spring Hill, March 4–5. Regiment captured by Van Dorn, commanding Bragg's cavalry forces, nearly 18,000 strong. Exchanged May 5, 1863. Regiment reorganizing at Indianapolis, Indiana, till June 12. Ordered to Nashville, Tenn., June 12, and guard duty along Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad at Franklin and Murfreesboro until April 1864. Garrison's Creek near Fosterville and Christiana October 6, 1863 (detachment). March to Lookout Valley, Tenn., April 20–28. Atlanta, Georgia Campaign. Demonstration on Rocky Faced Ridge May 8–11. Battle of Resaca May 14–15. Cassville May 19. Advance on Dallas May 22–25. New Hope Church May 25. Operations on line of Pumpkin Vine Creek and battles about Dallas, New Hope Church and Allatoona Hills May 25-June 5. Pine Mount June 5. Operations about Marietta and against Kennesaw Mountain June 10-July 2. Pine Hill June 11–14. Lost Mountain June 15–17. Gilgal or Golgotha Church June 15. Muddy Creek June 17. Noyes Creek June 19. Kolb's Farm June 22. Assault on Kennesaw June 27. Ruff's Station, Smyrna Camp Ground, July 4. Chattahoochie River July 5–17. Peach Tree Creek July 19–20. Siege of Atlanta July 22-August 25. Operations at Chattahoochie River Bridge August 26-September 2. Occupation of Atlanta September 2-November 15. March to the sea November 15-December 10. Siege of Savannah December 10–21. Campaign of the Carolinas January to April 1865. Lawtonville, S.C., February 2. Battle of Bentonville, N.C., March 19–21. Occupation of Goldsboro March 24. Advance on Raleigh April 10–14. Occupation of Raleigh April 14. Bennett's House April 26. Surrender of Johnston and his army. March to Washington, D. C., via Richmond, Va., April 29-May 19. Grand Review of the Armies May 24. Mustered out June 12, 1865.
Louisville is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Kentucky and the 29th most-populous city in the United States. It is one of two cities in Kentucky designated as first-class, the other being Lexington, the state's second-largest city. Louisville is the historical seat and, since 2003, the nominal seat of Jefferson County, located in the state's north and on the border with Indiana.
Indianapolis, often shortened to Indy, is the state capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Indiana and the seat of Marion County. According to 2017 estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau, the consolidated population of Indianapolis and Marion County was 872,680. The "balance" population, which excludes semi-autonomous municipalities in Marion County, was 863,002. It is the 16th most populous city in the U.S. The Indianapolis metropolitan area is the 34th most populous metropolitan statistical area in the U.S., with 2,028,614 residents. Its combined statistical area ranks 27th, with a population of 2,411,086. Indianapolis covers 368 square miles (950 km2), making it the 16th largest city by land area in the U.S.
The Battle of Resaca was part of the Atlanta Campaign of the American Civil War. The battle was waged in both Gordon and Whitfield counties, Georgia, May 13–15, 1864. It ended inconclusively with the Confederate Army retreating. The engagement was fought between the Military Division of the Mississippi on the side of the Union and the Army of Tennessee for the Confederates.
Casualties
The regiment lost during service 2 officers and 40 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 3 officers and 190 enlisted men by disease for a total of 235 casualties.
Commanders
Colonel John P. Baird, remained as commandant of Franklin in 1863 while the regiment was reorganized in Indianapolis. During that time he was seminal in discovering two Confederate officers in Union Army uniforms; both of which subsequently were hung as spies.
Colonel Alexander B. Crane
William Orton Williams, called Orton Williams until he changed his name, was a Confederate officer who, after having been caught behind Union lines in a U.S. Army uniform, was executed as a spy.
The 22nd Regiment Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment from Wisconsin that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was commanded by Colonel William L. Utley, a politician and former Adjutant General of Wisconsin. His second-in-command was Lt. Colonel Edward Bloodgood, with whom he would eventually feud bitterly.
The 5th Kentucky Volunteer Infantry Regiment, unofficially known as the Louisville Legion was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
The 88th Regiment Indiana Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
The 15th Kentucky Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
The 27th Kentucky Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
The 17th Kentucky Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
The 80th Regiment Indiana Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
The 79th Regiment Indiana Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
The 86th Regiment Indiana Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
The 58th Regiment Indiana Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
The 97th Ohio Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
The 81st Regiment Indiana Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
The 69th Ohio Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
The 72nd Regiment Indiana Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The regiment served as mounted infantry from March 17, 1863, to November 1, 1864.
The 102nd Illinois Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
The 105th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry formation of the United States Volunteers during the American Civil War.
The 70th Regiment Indiana Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
The 33rd Regiment Indiana Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
The 6th Regiment Indiana Cavalry was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
The 91st Regiment Indiana Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
References
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