<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta property="mw:TimeUuid" content="509c9eb0-f09c-11ee-ab5e-29c8eb4c2ed7"/><meta charset="utf-8"/><meta property="mw:pageId" content="14175712"/><meta property="mw:pageNamespace" content="0"/><link rel="dc:replaces" resource="mwr:revision/1216680615"/><meta property="mw:revisionSHA1" content="d6fa8f7a441dc0447b5732e7b2224f264e09ad98"/><meta property="dc:modified" content="2024-04-01T11:57:05.000Z"/><meta property="mw:htmlVersion" content="2.8.0"/><meta property="mw:html:version" content="2.8.0"/><title>Astronomia.pl - WikiMili, The Best Wikipedia Reader</title><meta property="mw:generalModules" content="ext.cite.ux-enhancements"/><meta property="mw:moduleStyles" content="ext.cite.parsoid.styles|ext.cite.styles"/><meta href="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=ext.cite.parsoid.styles%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cmediawiki.skinning.content.parsoid%7Cmediawiki.skinning.interface%7Csite.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector"/><meta http-equiv="content-language" content="en"/><meta http-equiv="vary" content="Accept"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://wikimili.com/en/Astronomia.pl"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/a.css"/><meta name="YahooSeeker" content="INDEX, FOLLOW"/><meta name="msnbot" content="INDEX, FOLLOW"/><meta name="googlebot" content="INDEX, FOLLOW"/><meta name="robots" content="index, follow"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"><meta property="og:type" content="article"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="WikiMili.com"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twitter:domain" content="WikiMili.com"/><meta name="twitter:site" content="@wikimili"/><meta name="description" content="Astronomia.pl was a Polish portal about astronomy and space research that was created in 2001 and remained active until 2015. At the time, it was Poland's largest portal about astronomy and space, hosting more than three thousand articles and attracting a hundred thousand visitors a month. The full "/><meta property="og:description" content="Astronomia.pl was a Polish portal about astronomy and space research that was created in 2001 and remained active until 2015. At the time, it was Poland's largest portal about astronomy and space, hosting more than three thousand articles and attracting a hundred thousand visitors a month. The full "/><meta name="twitter:description" content="Astronomia.pl was a Polish portal about astronomy and space research that was created in 2001 and remained active until 2015. At the time, it was Poland's largest portal about astronomy and space, hosting more than three thousand articles and attracting a hundred thousand visitors a month. The full "/><meta property="og:title" content="Astronomia.pl - WikiMili, The Best Wikipedia Reader"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="Astronomia.pl - WikiMili, The Best Wikipedia Reader"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://wikimili.com/en/Astronomia.pl"/><meta name="twitter:url" content="https://wikimili.com/en/Astronomia.pl"/><script type="text/javascript" src="/a.js"></script></head><body id="mwAA" lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr sitedir-ltr ltr mw-body-content parsoid-body mediawiki mw-parser-output" dir="ltr"><div id="header"> <a id="miliLogo" href="https://wikimili.com">WikiMili</a> </div><h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Astronomia.pl</h1><span class="updated-holder">Last updated <time class="updated" datetime="2024-04-02">April 02, 2024</time></span><section data-mw-section-id="0" id="mwAQ"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1097763485" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion" about="#mwt1" data-mw="{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;notability&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;./Template:Notability&quot},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;websites&quot},&quot;date&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;September 2016&quot}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}" id="mwAg">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}</style><table class="box-Notability plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Notability" role="presentation" about="#mwt1"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Ambox important.svg" resource="./File:Ambox_important.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" data-file-type="drawing" height="40" width="40" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" class="mw-file-element"/></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The topic of this article <strong>may not meet Wikipedia's <a rel="mw:WikiLink" target="_blank" href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability" title="Wikipedia:Notability">general notability guideline</a> </strong>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing <a rel="mw:WikiLink" target="_blank" href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable secondary sources</a> that are <a rel="mw:WikiLink" target="_blank" href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources">independent</a> of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. 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line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Type of site</div></th><td class="infobox-data">educational portal</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Available<span typeof="mw:Entity">&#160;</span>in</th><td class="infobox-data">Polish/English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data">Grupa Astronomia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created<span typeof="mw:Entity">&#160;</span>by</th><td class="infobox-data">Astronomia.pl team</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commercial</th><td class="infobox-data">No</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Registration</th><td class="infobox-data">No</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launched</th><td class="infobox-data">17 October 2001</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Current<span typeof="mw:Entity">&#160;</span>status</th><td class="infobox-data category">It stopped activity</td></tr></tbody></table><p id="mwBg"><b id="mwBw">Astronomia.pl</b> was a Polish <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="./Web_portal" title="Web portal" id="mwCA">portal</a> about <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="./Astronomy" title="Astronomy" id="mwCQ">astronomy</a> and space research that was created in 2001<sup about="#mwt13" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-naukawpolsce.pap.pl_1-0"   data-mw="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;naukawpolsce.pap.pl&quot;},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-naukawpolsce.pap.pl-1&quot;}}"> <a href="./Astronomia.pl#cite_note-naukawpolsce.pap.pl-1" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 1;" id="mwCg"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwCw">[1]</span></a> </sup> and remained active until 2015.<sup about="#mwt17" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-2"   data-mw="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-2&quot;}}"> <a href="./Astronomia.pl#cite_note-2" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 2;" id="mwDA"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwDQ">[2]</span></a> </sup> At the time, it was Poland's largest portal about astronomy and space, hosting more than three thousand articles and attracting a hundred thousand visitors a month.<sup about="#mwt18" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-naukawpolsce.pap.pl_1-1"   data-mw="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;naukawpolsce.pap.pl&quot;}}"> <a href="./Astronomia.pl#cite_note-naukawpolsce.pap.pl-1" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 1;" id="mwDg"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwDw">[1]</span></a> </sup> The full name of Astronomia.pl was Polski Portal Astronomiczny ("Polish Astronomy Portal"). Astronomia.pl was mainly a Polish language website, with just a small part of its content presented in English.</p><h2 id="listHeader">Contents</h2><ul id="listClass"><li> <a href="#History">History</a> </li><li> <a href="#Characteristics">Characteristics</a> </li><li> <a href="#References">References</a> </li><li> <a href="#External_links">External links</a> </li></ul><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" data-mw="{&quot;autoGenerated&quot;:true}" id="mwEA"/></section><section data-mw-section-id="1" id="mwEQ"><h2 id="History">History</h2><p id="mwEg">In 2003, the website was awarded Honourable Patronage by the Polish Association of Amateur Astronomers. In 2004 and 2005, the portal produced a television show, <i id="mwEw">Magazyn Astronomia</i> ("Astronomy Magazine"), broadcast by <a rel="mw:WikiLink" title="TVN (Poland)" class="mw-redirect" id="mwFA" onclick="openRedirectLink(&quot;TVN_(Poland)&quot;)">TVN Meteo</a>. In 2006, the website was awarded a prize in the Popularyzator Nauki ("Science Communicator") contest jointly organized by the <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="./Ministry_of_Science_and_Higher_Education_(Poland)" title="Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland)" id="mwFQ">Ministry of Science and Higher Education</a> and the <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="./Polish_Press_Agency" title="Polish Press Agency" id="mwFg">Polish Press Agency</a>'s "Science in Poland" project.</p></section><section data-mw-section-id="2" id="mwFw"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><p id="mwGA">Features provided by the portal included a daily news bulletin, a database of articles, a gallery of images, a <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="./Internet_forum" title="Internet forum" id="mwGQ">discussion forum</a>, a virtual library of master's theses, an English-Polish astronomical <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="./Dictionary" title="Dictionary" id="mwGg">dictionary</a>, a <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="./Newsletter" title="Newsletter" id="mwGw">newsletter</a>, <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="./RSS" title="RSS" id="mwHA">RSS</a> channels and others. Astronomia.pl also published a news bulletin in English, which included translations of articles concerning Polish amateur and professional astronomy.<sup about="#mwt23" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-:0_3-0"   data-mw="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;:0&quot;},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-:0-3&quot;}}"> <a href="./Astronomia.pl#cite_note-:0-3" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 3;" id="mwHQ"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwHg">[3]</span></a> </sup></p><p id="mwHw">Astronomia.pl also provided links to other sites devoted to astronomy, such as Kopernik.pl, containing biographies of <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="./Astronomer" title="Astronomer" id="mwIA">astronomers</a>, Planetarium.pl, a site about Polish <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="./Planetarium" title="Planetarium" id="mwIQ">planetaria</a>, and AstroWWW.pl, which aggregated websites created and run by amateur astronomers.<sup about="#mwt25" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-:0_3-1"   data-mw="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;:0&quot;}}"> <a href="./Astronomia.pl#cite_note-:0-3" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 3;" id="mwIg"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwIw">[3]</span></a> </sup></p><p id="mwJA">The portal supported various astronomical initiatives undertaken by educational organizations, publishers and other institutions. It also entertained its users with quizzes and competitions.</p></section><section data-mw-section-id="3" id="mwJQ"><h2 id="relatedWikiArticles">Related Research Articles</h2><div class="wikiCardWrapper"><div class="wikiMiliCard " onclick="location.href=&quot;./Amateur_astronomy&quot;"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Astronomy_Amateur_3_V2.jpg/320px-Astronomy_Amateur_3_V2.jpg" alt="&lt;span class=&quot;mw-page-title-main&quot;&gt;Amateur astronomy&lt;/span&gt; Hobby of watching the sky and stars"/><p><b>Amateur astronomy</b> is a hobby where participants enjoy observing or imaging celestial objects in the sky using the unaided eye, binoculars, or telescopes. Even though scientific research may not be their primary goal, some amateur astronomers make contributions in doing citizen science, such as by monitoring variable stars, double stars, sunspots, or occultations of stars by the Moon or asteroids, or by discovering transient astronomical events, such as comets, galactic novae or supernovae in other galaxies.</p></div><div class="wikiMiliCard " onclick="location.href=&quot;./International_Astronomical_Union&quot;"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/IAU_logo.svg/320px-IAU_logo.svg.png" alt="&lt;span class=&quot;mw-page-title-main&quot;&gt;International Astronomical Union&lt;/span&gt; Association of professional astronomers"/><p>The <b>International Astronomical Union</b> is a non-governmental organisation with the objective of advancing astronomy in all aspects, including promoting astronomical research, outreach, education, and development through global cooperation. It was founded in 1919 and is based in Paris, France.</p></div><div class="wikiMiliCard " onclick="location.href=&quot;./Bohdan_Paczy%C5%84ski&quot;"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Bohdan_Paczy%C5%84ski.jpg/320px-Bohdan_Paczy%C5%84ski.jpg" alt="&lt;span class=&quot;mw-page-title-main&quot;&gt;Bohdan Paczy&#324;ski&lt;/span&gt; Polish astronomer (1940&#8211;2007)"/><p><b>Bohdan Paczy&#324;ski</b> or <b>Bohdan Paczynski</b> was a Polish astronomer notable for his theories and work in the fields of stellar evolution, accretion discs, and gamma ray bursts. He is the recipient of the Eddington Medal (1987), the Henry Draper Medal (1997), the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1999), and the Order of Polonia Restituta (2007).</p></div><div class="wikiMiliCard " onclick="location.href=&quot;./Astronomical_Society_of_the_Pacific&quot;"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5f/Astronomical_Society_of_the_Pacific_logo.png" alt="&lt;span class=&quot;mw-page-title-main&quot;&gt;Astronomical Society of the Pacific&lt;/span&gt; American scientific and educational organization"/><p>The <b>Astronomical Society of the Pacific</b> (<b>ASP</b>) is an American scientific and educational organization, founded in San Francisco on February 7, 1889, immediately following the solar eclipse of January 1, 1889. Its name derives from its origins on the Pacific Coast, but today it has members all over the country and the world. It has the legal status of a nonprofit organization.</p></div><div class="wikiMiliCard " onclick="location.href=&quot;./Polish_Press_Agency&quot;"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/PAP_logo.svg/320px-PAP_logo.svg.png" alt="&lt;span class=&quot;mw-page-title-main&quot;&gt;Polish Press Agency&lt;/span&gt;"/><p>The <b>Polish Press Agency</b> is Poland's national news agency, producing and distributing political, economic, social, and cultural news as well as events information. It was founded in 1918 as Polish Telegraphic Agency (PAT).</p></div><div class="wikiMiliCard wikiMiliParaCard" onclick="location.href=&quot;./Royal_Astronomical_Society_of_Canada&quot;"><p>The <b>Royal Astronomical Society of Canada</b> (<b>RASC</b>) is a national, non-profit, charitable organization devoted to the advancement of astronomy and related sciences. At present, there are 30 local branches of the Society, called Centres, in towns and cities across the country from St. John's, Newfoundland, to Victoria, British Columbia, and as far north as Whitehorse, Yukon. There are about 5100 members from coast to coast to coast, and internationally. The membership is composed primarily of amateur astronomers and also includes numerous professional astronomers and astronomy educators. The RASC is the Canadian equivalent of the British Astronomical Association.</p></div><div class="wikiMiliCard " onclick="location.href=&quot;./International_Year_of_Astronomy&quot;"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fe/2009_Austria_25_Euro_Year_of_Astronomy_Front.jpg" alt="&lt;span class=&quot;mw-page-title-main&quot;&gt;International Year of Astronomy&lt;/span&gt; 2009 UN theme year"/><p>The <b>International Year of Astronomy</b> (<b>IYA2009</b>) was a year-long celebration of astronomy that took place in 2009 to coincide with the 400th anniversary of the first recorded astronomical observations with a telescope by Galileo Galilei and the publication of Johannes Kepler's <i>Astronomia nova</i> in the 17th century. The Year was declared by the 62nd General Assembly of the United Nations. A global scheme, laid out by the International Astronomical Union (IAU), was also endorsed by UNESCO, the UN body responsible for educational, scientific, and cultural matters.</p></div><div class="wikiMiliCard " onclick="location.href=&quot;./Associazione_Friulana_di_Astronomia_e_Meteorologia&quot;"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Osservatorio_astronomico_di_Remanzacco.jpg/320px-Osservatorio_astronomico_di_Remanzacco.jpg" alt="&lt;span class=&quot;mw-page-title-main&quot;&gt;Associazione Friulana di Astronomia e Meteorologia&lt;/span&gt;"/><p>The <b>Associazione Friulana di Astronomia e Meteorologia</b> is a non-profit cultural association whose goal is the promotion of astronomy and meteorology to the public and the development of scientific research activities, often in collaboration with professional scientists.</p></div><div class="wikiMiliCard " onclick="location.href=&quot;./Astronomy_in_Chile&quot;"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Incoming_President_of_Chile_Michelle_Bachelet_meets_senior_ESO_representatives.jpg/320px-Incoming_President_of_Chile_Michelle_Bachelet_meets_senior_ESO_representatives.jpg" alt="&lt;span class=&quot;mw-page-title-main&quot;&gt;Astronomy in Chile&lt;/span&gt;"/><p>In 2011, Chile was home to 42% of the world's astronomical infrastructure, consisting principally of telescopes. In 2015, it was estimated that Chile would contain more than 50% of the global astronomical infrastructure by 2030. In the Atacama desert region of northern Chile, the skies are exceptionally clear and dry for more than 300 days of the year. These conditions have attracted the world's scientific community to develop highly ambitious astronomical projects in the Atacama desert.</p></div><div class="wikiMiliCard " onclick="location.href=&quot;./Astronomy_%26_Astrophysics&quot;"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/A%26A_Cover_Vol.584_II.jpg/320px-A%26A_Cover_Vol.584_II.jpg" alt="&lt;i&gt;Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics&lt;/i&gt; Academic journal"/><p><i><b>Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics (A&amp;A)</b></i> is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering theoretical, observational, and instrumental astronomy and astrophysics. It is operated by an editorial team under the supervision of a board of directors representing 27 sponsoring countries plus a representative of the European Southern Observatory. The journal is published by EDP Sciences and the current editors-in-chief are Thierry Forveille and Jo&#227;o Alves.</p></div><div class="wikiMiliCard wikiMiliParaCard" onclick="location.href=&quot;./Andrzej_Udalski&quot;"><p><b>Andrzej Jaros&#322;aw Udalski</b> is a Polish astronomer and astrophysicist, and director of the Astronomical Observatory of the University of Warsaw. He is also head of the Department of Observational Astrophysics at Astronomical Observatory, the head and project manager of the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment, and editor of the quarterly journal <i>Acta Astronomica</i>.</p></div><div class="wikiMiliCard wikiMiliParaCard" onclick="location.href=&quot;./Society_for_the_History_of_Astronomy&quot;"><p>The <b>Society for the History of Astronomy</b> is an organisation based in the United Kingdom that promotes research into the history of astronomy. It publishes a research journal called <i>The Antiquarian Astronomer</i> and a regular <i>Bulletin</i>.</p></div><div class="wikiMiliCard wikiMiliParaCard" onclick="location.href=&quot;./Polish_Astronomical_Society&quot;"><p>The <b>Polish Astronomical Society</b> is science society in Poland, founded in 1923, with headquarters in Warsaw. Members of PTA are professional astronomers. Purpose of the association is promoting the development of astronomical science, their teaching and outreach in community. PTA is involved in publishing astronomical books, as well as popular science magazine Urania - Post&#281;py Astronomii. PTA is also a producer of a TV series Astronarium about astronomy and space. The society organizes conferences and contests. Current President of PTA is Marek Sarna and number of members is around 280. Polish Astronomical Society is a member of the European Astronomical Society.</p></div><div class="wikiMiliCard " onclick="location.href=&quot;./Asociaci%C3%B3n_Argentina_Amigos_de_la_Astronom%C3%ADa&quot;"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Amigosastronom%C3%ADa.JPG/320px-Amigosastronom%C3%ADa.JPG" alt="&lt;span class=&quot;mw-page-title-main&quot;&gt;Asociaci&#243;n Argentina Amigos de la Astronom&#237;a&lt;/span&gt; Observatory"/><p><b>Asociaci&#243;n Argentina Amigos de la Astronom&#237;a</b> is an amateur astronomy civil association based on Buenos Aires, Argentina, with the aim of spreading astronomy. It was founded on January 4, 1929 and its field courses are held on related subjects, research in collaboration with professional bodies and printed publications or multimedia, and recreational activities for the general public. The main-belt asteroid 4756 Asaramas was named in honor of the observatory.</p></div><div class="wikiMiliCard " onclick="location.href=&quot;./The_Jodcast&quot;"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a6/Jodcast_logo.GIF/320px-Jodcast_logo.GIF" alt="&lt;i&gt;The Jodcast&lt;/i&gt; Astronomy podcast"/><p><i><b>The Jodcast</b></i> is a bimonthly podcast created by astronomers at Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics (JBCA), University of Manchester in Manchester, England. It debuted in January 2006, aiming to inspire and inform the public about astronomy and related sciences, to excite young people with the latest astronomy research results, to motivate students to pursue careers in science, and to dispel stereotypes of scientists as incomprehensible and unapproachable.</p></div><div class="wikiMiliCard wikiMiliParaCard" onclick="location.href=&quot;./Astronarium&quot;"><p><i><b>Astronarium</b></i> is a Polish documentary and popular science television series about astronomy and space research. The program is produced by the Polish Television and Polish Astronomical Society, with support from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education. The series premiered on March 2, 2015 on the TVP Regionalna channel. It has been broadcast on various channels in Poland and abroad, including TVP 1, TVP 3, TVP Polonia. The episodes are also available on the internet as a VOD, some of them with English subtitles. The cumulative audience in Poland during the first week of emission of an episode is on the level of 500 000 viewers.</p></div><div class="wikiMiliCard " onclick="location.href=&quot;./Peter_Jalowiczor&quot;"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Peter_Jalowiczor%2C_2010.jpg/320px-Peter_Jalowiczor%2C_2010.jpg" alt="&lt;span class=&quot;mw-page-title-main&quot;&gt;Peter Jalowiczor&lt;/span&gt;"/><p><b>Peter Jalowiczor</b> is an amateur astronomer living in South Yorkshire, in the United Kingdom. Jalowiczor is primarily known for co-discovering four exoplanets at home using data released to the public by the University of California's Lick-Carnegie Planet Search Team and conducted research confirming that <span class="mwe-math-element"/> for the delta effect for comets. He has written four books &#8211; two about football and two about Polish servicemen from World War II. He is also the founder of a football club, the Polish Millers.</p></div><div class="wikiMiliCard wikiMiliParaCard" onclick="location.href=&quot;./Sociedade_Astron%C3%B4mica_Brasileira&quot;"><p>The <b>Brazilian Astronomical Society</b> is a professional astronomical society in Brazil, founded in 1974.</p></div><div class="wikiMiliCard " onclick="location.href=&quot;./Agata_R%C3%B3%C5%BCa%C5%84ska&quot;"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Agata_R%C3%B3%C5%BCa%C5%84ska_2016.jpg/320px-Agata_R%C3%B3%C5%BCa%C5%84ska_2016.jpg" alt="&lt;span class=&quot;mw-page-title-main&quot;&gt;Agata R&#243;&#380;a&#324;ska&lt;/span&gt; 20th and 21st-century Polish astronomer"/><p><b>Agata R&#243;&#380;a&#324;ska</b> is a Polish astronomer and astrophysicist. Research Professor at the field of X-ray astronomy. She works on numerical computations of emission processes in astrophysical X-ray sources and their observations.</p></div></div><h2 id="References">References</h2><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion" about="#mwt26" data-mw="{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;reflist&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;./Template:Reflist&quot},&quot;params&quot;:{},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}" id="mwJg">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist   " about="#mwt26" id="mwJw"><div class="mw-references-wrap" typeof="mw:Extension/references" about="#mwt30" data-mw="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;references&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{&quot;group&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;responsive&quot;:&quot;1&quot;},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;html&quot;:&quot;&quot;}}" id="mwKA"><ol class="mw-references references" id="mwKQ"><li about="#cite_note-naukawpolsce.pap.pl-1" id="cite_note-naukawpolsce.pap.pl-1"><span rel="mw:referencedBy" id="mwKg"> <a href="./Astronomia.pl#cite_ref-naukawpolsce.pap.pl_1-0" id="mwKw"><span class="mw-linkback-text" id="mwLA">1 </span></a> <a href="./Astronomia.pl#cite_ref-naukawpolsce.pap.pl_1-1" id="mwLQ"><span class="mw-linkback-text" id="mwLg">2 </span></a> </span><span id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-naukawpolsce.pap.pl-1" class="mw-reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1215172403" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion" about="#mwt10" data-mw="{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Cite web&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;./Template:Cite_web&quot},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;http://naukawpolsce.pap.pl/aktualnosci/news,385427,portal-astronomiapl-ma-10-lat.html&quot},&quot;title&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Portal Astronomia.pl ma 10 lat{{!}}&quot},&quot;website&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;naukawpolsce.pap.pl&quot},&quot;access-date&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;2016-09-14&quot},&quot;archive-url&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20160924160559/http://naukawpolsce.pap.pl/aktualnosci/news,385427,portal-astronomiapl-ma-10-lat.html&quot},&quot;archive-date&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;2016-09-24&quot},&quot;url-status&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;dead&quot}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}" id="mwLw">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited 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about="#mwt10" id="mwMA"> <a rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160924160559/http://naukawpolsce.pap.pl/aktualnosci/news,385427,portal-astronomiapl-ma-10-lat.html" class="external text" id="mwMQ">"Portal Astronomia.pl ma 10 lat |"</a>. <i id="mwMg">naukawpolsce.pap.pl</i>. Archived from <a rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow" href="http://naukawpolsce.pap.pl/aktualnosci/news,385427,portal-astronomiapl-ma-10-lat.html" class="external text" id="mwMw">the original</a> on 2016-09-24<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwNA">. 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