Płutowo | |
|---|---|
Village | |
 | |
| Country |  |
| Voivodeship | Kuyavian-Pomeranian |
| County | Chełmno |
| Gmina | Kijewo Królewskie |
Płutowo [ʂɨmˈbɔrnɔ] (German : Plutowo) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kijewo Królewskie, within Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. [1]
German is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, South Tyrol (Italy), the German-speaking Community of Belgium, and Liechtenstein. It is also one of the three official languages of Luxembourg and a co-official language in the Opole Voivodeship in Poland. The languages which are most similar to German are the other members of the West Germanic language branch: Afrikaans, Dutch, English, the Frisian languages, Low German/Low Saxon, Luxembourgish, and Yiddish. There are also strong similarities in vocabulary with Danish, Norwegian and Swedish, although those belong to the North Germanic group. German is the second most widely spoken Germanic language, after English.
Gmina Kijewo Królewskie is a rural gmina in Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Kijewo Królewskie, which lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) south of Chełmno, 30 km (19 mi) north-west of Toruń, and 35 km (22 mi) north-east of Bydgoszcz.
Chełmno County is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Chełmno, which lies 40 km (25 mi) north of Toruń and 40 km (25 mi) north-east of Bydgoszcz.
North of Płutowo village there is the Płutowo Nature Reserve with a total area of 17.96 hectares (44.4 acres), which was established in 1963 for the protection of a rare ecosystem along a ravine above the Vistula river. The length of the ravine is 1.2 km and its depth around 57 metres from the top down to the water level. [2]
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment, interacting as a system. These biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. Energy enters the system through photosynthesis and is incorporated into plant tissue. By feeding on plants and on one-another, animals play an important role in the movement of matter and energy through the system. They also influence the quantity of plant and microbial biomass present. By breaking down dead organic matter, decomposers release carbon back to the atmosphere and facilitate nutrient cycling by converting nutrients stored in dead biomass back to a form that can be readily used by plants and other microbes.
The Vistula, the longest and largest river in Poland, is the 9th-longest river in Europe, at 1,047 kilometres in length. The drainage-basin area of the Vistula is 193,960 km2 (74,890 sq mi), of which 168,868 km2 (65,200 sq mi) lies within Poland. The remainder lies in Belarus, Ukraine and Slovakia.
