Sandile Dam

Sandile Dam
Sandile Dam
Official name	Sandile Dam
Country	South Africa
Location	Keiskammahoek, Eastern Cape
Coordinates	32°42′42″S27°6′28″E / 32.71167°S 27.10778°E Coordinates: 32°42′42″S27°6′28″E / 32.71167°S 27.10778°E
Purpose	Irrigation
Opening date	1983
Owner(s)	Department of Water Affairs
Dam and spillways
Type of dam	zoned embankment
Impounds	Keiskamma River
Height	58 metres (190 ft)
Length	760 metres (2,490 ft)
Reservoir
Creates	Sandile Dam Reservoir
Total capacity	30,960,000 cubic metres (1.093×109 cu ft)
Catchment area	348 km2
Surface area	146 hectares (360 acres)

Last updated February 20, 2019

Sandile Dam is a zoned embankment dam located on the Keiskamma River near Keiskammahoek, Eastern Cape, South Africa. It was established in 1983 and serves mainly for irrigation purposes. The hazard potential of the dam has been ranked high (3).

A dam is a barrier that stops or restricts the flow of water or underground streams. Reservoirs created by dams not only suppress floods but also provide water for activities such as irrigation, human consumption, industrial use, aquaculture, and navigability. Hydropower is often used in conjunction with dams to generate electricity. A dam can also be used to collect water or for storage of water which can be evenly distributed between locations. Dams generally serve the primary purpose of retaining water, while other structures such as floodgates or levees are used to manage or prevent water flow into specific land regions. The earliest known dam is the Jawa Dam in Jordan, dating to 3,000 BC.

The Keiskamma River is a river in the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa. The river flows into the Indian Ocean in the Keiskamma Estuary, located by Hamburg Nature Reserve, near Hamburg, midway between East London and Port Alfred. The Keiskamma flows first in a southwestern and then in a southeastern direction after meeting its main tributary, the Tyhume River.

Keiskammahoek is a town in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. From 1981 until the end of apartheid, the town was part of the Ciskei bantustan.

The dam was named in honour of King Sandile, once the reigning king of the Rharhabe sub-group of the Xhosa nation.

He is the son of the late King Mxolisi Sandile Aa! Bazindlovu, who was the son of King Archie Velile Sandile, and Queen Nolizwe, the daughter of King Victor Poto Ndamase Aa! Bhekuzulu and sister to the wife of Chief Justice Thandathu Mabandla of the AmaBhele aseTyhume Tribe. He is the sixth descendant of King Mgolombane Sandile who was the son of Ngqika.

The Rharhabe are a Xhosa sub-group found in the former Ciskei section of the Eastern Cape, and they reside in the former Transkei as well. Their counterparts are the Gcaleka who are found in the former Transkei section of the Eastern Cape. The major and most well-known component of the Rharhabe are the Ngqika ("Gaika") tribe.

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The Orange River is the longest river in South Africa and the Orange River Basin extends extensively into Namibia and Botswana to the north. It rises in the Drakensberg mountains in Lesotho, flowing westwards through South Africa to the Atlantic Ocean. The river forms part of the international borders between South Africa and Namibia and between South Africa and Lesotho, as well as several provincial borders within South Africa. Except for Upington, it does not pass through any major cities. The Orange River plays an important role in the South African economy by providing water for irrigation and hydroelectric power. The river was named the Orange River in honour of the Dutch ruling family, the House of Orange, by the Dutch explorer Robert Jacob Gordon. Other names include Gariep River, Groote River or Senqu River.

The Tugela River is the largest river in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. It is one of the most important rivers of the country.

Sandile Ngcobo is former justice in the Constitutional Court of South Africa. He served as Chief Justice from 2009 to 2011.

The Buffalo River is situated in the city of East London on the East Coast of South Africa. It is to the west of the Nahoon River. It is the only navigable river in South Africa. The town of East London was thus established around it.

Mzimvubu to Keiskamma WMA, or Mzimvubu to Keiskamma Water Management Area , includes the following major rivers: the Swane River, Mntafufu River, Mzimvubu River, Mngazi River, Mthatha River, Xora River, Mbashe River, Nqabara River, Gqunube River, Buffalo River, Nahoon River, Groot Kei River and Keiskamma River, and covers the following Dams:

Disaneng Dam, is an earth-fill type dam on the Molopo River in the Ratlou Local Municipality, near to the border of the Mahikeng Local Municipality and not far from Mmabatho, North West, South Africa. It was established in 1980 and its primary purpose is for irrigation.

Mgolombane Sandile (1820–1878) was a Chief of the Ngqika ("Gaikas") and Paramount-Chief of the Rharhabe tribe - a sub-group of the Xhosa nation. A dynamic and charismatic chief, he led the Xhosa armies in several of the Cape-Xhosa Frontier Wars.

The Ngqika people are a royal Xhosa who lived west of the Great Kei River in the what is today the Eastern Cape of South Africa. They were first ruled by Rarabe kaPhalo who died with his son Mlawu, who was destined for chiefancy. The clan would named after Ngqika ka Mlawu, the son of the then late Mlawu. It would be years before the child would rule his people who fought in the Xhosa Wars following the invasion of the British and Dutch settlers.

Sandile may refer to

Nxuba Local Municipality Former local municipality in Eastern Cape, South Africa

Nxuba Local Municipality was an administrative area in the Amatole District of the Eastern Cape in South Africa. The Fish River, as it is now called, was first named Nxuba River by King Sandile in the 18th century After municipal elections on 3 August 2016 it was merged into the larger Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality.

The Tyhume River is a river in Amathole District Municipality in the central part of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. It springs in the forested mountains of Hogsback, part of the Amatola Mountains, and runs down the Tyhume River Valley and through the eastern verge of the small town of Alice, Eastern Cape, bordering most of the Fort Hare University grounds.

Rooikrantz Dam is a dam on the Buffalo River, about 15 km northwest of King William's Town in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. It lies due east of the larger and newer Sandile Dam.

The Sandile Decoration, post-nominal letters SD, was instituted by the President of the Republic of Ciskei in 1988, for award to all ranks for meritorious service.

The Sandile Medal was instituted by the President of the Republic of Ciskei in 1988, for award to all ranks for meritorious service.

In the Colonies and former Boer Republics which became the Union of South Africa in 1910, several unofficial military decorations and medals were instituted and awarded during the nineteenth and early twentieth century. Sir Harry Smith's Medal for Gallantry is an unofficial military decoration for bravery, awarded for actions following the siege of Fort Cox in December 1850, at the beginning of the 8th Cape Frontier War. The medal was privately instituted in 1851 by Major General Sir Henry George Wakelyn Smith Bt GCB, at the time the Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Cape of Good Hope.

Sandile is a South African name that may refer to

References

List of South African Dams from the South African Department of Water Affairs

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Sandile Dam

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