Écoles gratuites de dessin

Last updated March 01, 2019

The Écoles gratuites de dessin (free drawing schools) were several art schools founded in eighteenth-century France, notably the École Royale Gratuite de Dessin in Paris.

During the eighteenth century Age of Enlightenment around sixty independent Écoles gratuites de dessin were established in France which provided drawing lessons to the general public, including to apprentices whose craft required the ability to draw. The schools were mostly established in provincial France between 1750 and 1792. In 1777 a royal declaration subjected the schools to the authority of the Académie Royale, but this did not hinder their development.^[1]

The Enlightenment was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century, the "Century of Philosophy".

The Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, Paris, was the premier art institution in France in the eighteenth century.

The schools varied in size from single-teacher schools with a few dozen students to those in Bordeaux and Marseille which had more than twelve teachers and several hundred students. The Paris school of Jean-Jacques Bachelier may have had up to 1,500 students. Some of the schools taught painting and sculpture as well as drawing.^[1]

Bordeaux is a port city on the Garonne in the Gironde department in Southwestern France.

Marseille is the second-largest city of France. The main city of the historical province of Provence, it nowadays is the prefecture of the department of Bouches-du-Rhône and region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. It is located on France's south coast near the mouth of the Rhône river. The city covers an area of 241 km² (93 sq mi) and had a population of 852,516 in 2012. Its metropolitan area, which extends over 3,173 km² (1,225 sq mi) is the third-largest in France after Paris and Lyon, with a population of 1,831,500 as of 2010.

Jean-Jacques Bachelier (1724–1806) was a French painter and director of the porcelain factory at Sèvres.

École Royale Gratuite de Dessin

The École Royale Gratuite de Dessin (Royal Free School of Art), also known as the École Gratuite de Dessin or the Petite École, was founded in 1766 by Jean-Jacques Bachelier ^[2], and confirmed in 1767 by letters patent from Louis XV of France. After several changes of name, in 1877 the school became the École Nationale des Arts Décoratifs (National School of Decorative Arts) before taking its present name École Nationale Supérieure des Arts Décoratifs (ENSAD) in 1927.^[3]

Louis XV, known as Louis the Beloved, was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774. He succeeded his great-grandfather Louis XIV at the age of five. Until he reached maturity on 15 February 1723, the kingdom was ruled by Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, as Regent of France. Cardinal Fleury was his chief minister from 1726 until the Cardinal's death in 1743, at which time the young king took sole control of the kingdom.

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[Grandière-1] 1 2

[2] Benezit Dictionary of Artists

[3] (fr)Data.Bnf