Type | Public |
---|---|
NYSE: DQ | |
Industry | photovoltaics, materials |
Founded | 2007 |
Headquarters | |
Key people | |
Products | polysilicon, silicon wafers |
Website | www |
Daqo New Energy Corp. is a Chinese company engaged in the manufacture of monocrystalline silicon (mono-Si) and polysilicon (poly-Si), primarily for use in solar photovoltaic systems. [1] The company operates a mono-Si and poly-Si manufacturing facility located in Shihezi, Xinjiang Province, China. [2] Daqo formerly manufactured silicon wafers at a facility in Chongqing, China (discontinued in 2018) [3] and photovoltaic modules at a facility in Nanjing, China (discontinued in 2012).
The company is reportedly tied to the use of forced labor in Xinjiang. [4] [5]
Daqo New Energy Corp. was incorporated in the Cayman Islands as Mega Stand International Limited in November 2007, adopting a variable interest entity (VIE) structure. The company changed its corporate name to Daqo New Energy Corp. in August 2009. [6] Daqo New Energy Corp. operates through a number of subsidiaries underneath the parent company, Daqo Cayman. These are: [6]
Daqo New Energy Corp. was first listed on the New York Stock Exchange in October 2010, and Xinjiang Daqo was listed on China's New Third Board (China's OTC market) in 2016. [7]
Daqo produces its mono-Si and poly-Si using a chemical vapor deposition process in closed-loop reactors. [8]
From its inception through 2012, Daqo's silicon manufacturing was performed in its Chongqing facility. The Chongqing facility ended its production of silicon in December 2012, while the Xinjiang facility began production of silicon in Q2 2013. Some of the equipment from the Chongqing facility has been relocated from Chongqing to Xinjiang. [3]
The Xinjiang facility has been expanded several times, increasing its annual silicon production capacity. As of 2018, an expansion (Phase 3B) is currently underway, which will bring the facility's annual production capacity to 30,000 MT. [3]
Project | Completion Date | Silicon Production Capacity |
---|---|---|
Phase 2A | 2013 | 5,000 MT/year |
Phase 2A enhancement | 2014 | 6,150 MT/year |
Phase 2B | 2nd half of 2015 | 12,150 MT/year |
Phase 3A | Q1 2017 | 18,000 MT/year |
Phase 3B | June 2019 | 35,000 MT/year [9] |
Phase 4A | Q1 2020 (estimated) | 70,000 MT/year [9] |
Phase 4B | Q1 2022 | 105,000 MT/year [9] |
In Q1 2018, 60% of Daqo's production consisted of monocrystalline silicon and 40% consisted of polycrystalline silicon. Expansions 3B, 4A, and 4B will produce exclusively monocrystalline silicon. [10]
Daqo's Chongqing facility began production of silicon wafers in 2011. [6] In 2017, the company sold 98 million pieces, up from 82.8 million pieces in 2016. [3] Daqo used silicon from its Xinjiang facility to create its wafers, an example of vertical integration.
Daqo discontinued its wafer manufacturing operations in September 2018 in response to "increasingly challenging market conditions." [9]
Daqo formerly produced photovoltaic modules at a facility in Nanjing. [6] Daqo sold this business in 2012.[ citation needed ]
Daqo is allegedly tied to the use of forced labor in Xinjiang. [4] In May 2021, Daqo shortlisted three auditors to assess its operations in an attempt to refute the allegations. [5] In June 2021, the United States Department of Commerce placed a subsidiary of Daqo, Xinjiang Daqo New Energy Co., on the Bureau of Industry and Security's Entity List. [11]
In electronics, a wafer is a thin slice of semiconductor, such as a crystalline silicon (c-Si), used for the fabrication of integrated circuits and, in photovoltaics, to manufacture solar cells. The wafer serves as the substrate for microelectronic devices built in and upon the wafer. It undergoes many microfabrication processes, such as doping, ion implantation, etching, thin-film deposition of various materials, and photolithographic patterning. Finally, the individual microcircuits are separated by wafer dicing and packaged as an integrated circuit.
Applied Materials, Inc. is an American corporation that supplies equipment, services and software for the manufacture of semiconductor chips for electronics, flat panel displays for computers, smartphones, televisions, and solar products. Integral to the growth of Silicon Valley, the company also supplies equipment to produce coatings for flexible electronics, packaging and other applications. The company is headquartered in Santa Clara, California.
Photovoltaics (PV) is the conversion of light into electricity using semiconducting materials that exhibit the photovoltaic effect, a phenomenon studied in physics, photochemistry, and electrochemistry. The photovoltaic effect is commercially used for electricity generation and as photosensors.
A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electronic device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical phenomenon. It is a form of photoelectric cell, defined as a device whose electrical characteristics, such as current, voltage, or resistance, vary when exposed to light. Individual solar cell devices are often the electrical building blocks of photovoltaic modules, known colloquially as solar panels. The common single-junction silicon solar cell can produce a maximum open-circuit voltage of approximately 0.5 to 0.6 volts.
The Renewable Energy Corporation (REC) is a solar power company with headquarters in Singapore. REC produces silicon materials for photovoltaics (PV) applications and multicrystalline wafers, as well as solar cells and modules. It is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Reliance New Energy Solar.
Yingli, formally Yingli Green Energy Holding Company Limited -. Yingli Green Energy Holding Company Limited, known as "Yingli Solar," is a solar panel manufacturer. Yingli Green Energy's manufacturing covers the photovoltaic value chain from ingot casting and wafering through solar cell production and solar panel assembly. Yingli's photovoltaic module capacity is 30 GWs.
Bosch Solar Energy AG was a German solar wafer and solar cell manufacturer, based in Erfurt, which specialized in crystalline silicon-based photovoltaic (PV) products, as well as thin-film modules using amorphous silicon and CIGS absorber materials. The company consisted of various divisions for silicon, wafers, solar cells and modules, research and production facilities in Germany and France and plans were made to open a production line in Malaysia. It has been listed on the German stock exchange since 30 September 2005 and on 19 December 2005 its shares were admitted to the TecDAX. The enterprise was founded in 1997 as ErSol Solarstrom GmbH & Co. KG.
SunEdison, Inc. is a renewable energy company headquartered in the U.S. In addition to developing, building, owning, and operating solar power plants and wind energy plants, it also manufactures high purity polysilicon, monocrystalline silicon ingots, silicon wafers, solar modules, solar energy systems, and solar module racking systems. Originally a silicon-wafer manufacturer established in 1959 as the Monsanto Electronic Materials Company, the company was sold by Monsanto in 1989.
Monocrystalline silicon, more often called single-crystal silicon, in short mono c-Si or mono-Si, is the base material for silicon-based discrete components and integrated circuits used in virtually all modern electronic equipment. Mono-Si also serves as a photovoltaic, light-absorbing material in the manufacture of solar cells.
Thin-film solar cells are made by depositing one or more thin layers of photovoltaic material onto a substrate, such as glass, plastic or metal. Thin-film solar cells are typically a few nanometers (nm) to a few microns (µm) thick–much thinner than the wafers used in conventional crystalline silicon (c-Si) based solar cells, which can be up to 200 µm thick. Thin-film solar cells are commercially used in several technologies, including cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS), and amorphous thin-film silicon.
DelSolar ) is solar company from Delta group (台達電子/台達集團), engaging in the research, design, manufacture and distribution of solar cells, solar modules, as well as the development of Photovoltaic system. The company’s headquarters is in Hsinchu, Science-based industrial Park, Phrase II, Taiwan.
Topray Solar is a vertically integrated solar energy company with global presences in Africa, Europe, Asia and North America. It is a publicly listed company on China Shenzhen Stock Exchange with a market cap over 1 Billion USD. Topray Solar is a first-tier player in the renewable energy industry with multiple manufacturing bases and several oversea subsidiaries.
Crystalline silicon or (c-Si) Is the crystalline forms of silicon, either polycrystalline silicon, or monocrystalline silicon. Crystalline silicon is the dominant semiconducting material used in photovoltaic technology for the production of solar cells. These cells are assembled into solar panels as part of a photovoltaic system to generate solar power from sunlight.
Polycrystalline silicon, or multicrystalline silicon, also called polysilicon, poly-Si, or mc-Si, is a high purity, polycrystalline form of silicon, used as a raw material by the solar photovoltaic and electronics industry.
Canadian Solar Inc. is a publicly traded company that manufactures solar PV modules and runs large scale solar projects.
The Silicon Module Super League (SMSL) later the Solar Module Super League is a group of major crystalline silicon (c-Si) module suppliers in the solar PV industry. The 'big six' industry group members were Canadian Solar, Hanwha Q CELLS, JA Solar, Jinko Solar, and Trina Solar. LONGi the world's largest solar monocrystalline silicon manufacturer and GCL, the world's largest solar poly crystalline silicon manufacturer, both joined the SMSL in mid-2016. As of February 2019, PVTech added First Solar and Risen Energy to the list of SMSL manufacturers.
LONGi Green Energy Technology Co. Ltd. or LONGi Group (隆基股份), formerly Xi'an Longi Silicon Materials Corporation, is a Chinese photovoltaics company, a major manufacturer of solar modules and a developer of solar power projects.