Heze 菏泽市 Hotseh | |
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Coordinates(Heze municipal government): 35°14′03″N115°28′47″E / 35.2343°N 115.4796°E | |
Country | People's Republic of China |
Province | Shandong |
County-level divisions | 9 |
Township-level divisions | 158 |
Municipal seat | Mudan District |
Government | |
• Mayor | Sun Aijun (孙爱军) |
Area | |
• Prefecture-level city | 12,256 km2 (4,732 sq mi) |
• Urban | 1,416 km2 (547 sq mi) |
• Metro | 1,416 km2 (547 sq mi) |
Population (2010 census) [2] | |
• Prefecture-level city | 8,287,693 |
• Density | 680/km2 (1,800/sq mi) |
• Urban | 1,346,717 |
• Urban density | 950/km2 (2,500/sq mi) |
• Metro | 1,346,717 |
• Metro density | 950/km2 (2,500/sq mi) |
GDP [3] | |
• Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 307 billion US$ 46.5 billion |
• Per capita | CN¥ 35,184 US$ 5,317 |
Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
Postal code | 274000 |
Area code | 0530 |
ISO 3166 code | CN-SD-17 |
Licence plate prefixes | 鲁R |
Heze | |||||||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 菏澤 | ||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 菏泽 | ||||||||||
Literal meaning | He Marsh | ||||||||||
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Former names | |||||||||
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Caozhou | |||||||||
Chinese | 曹 州 | ||||||||
Postal | Tsaochow | ||||||||
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Heze,formerly known as Caozhou,is the westernmost prefecture-level city in Shandong province,China,bordering Jining to the east and the provinces of Henan and Anhui to the west and south respectively.
Caozhou was at the center of the Nian Rebellion during the 1850s and 60s.
In August 1949,Heze was detached from Shandong and given to the experimental province of Pingyuan,but was later returned to Shandong just over three years later.
In April 1953,Heze and Jining gained counties from the former prefecture of Huxi after its abolition.
Mudan is the city flower of Heze. The earliest documentary of Mudan is in Classic of Poetry ,written almost 3,000 years ago. Mudan is also called the "king of flowers" from the Bencao Gangmu. It is a symbol of honor,peace,wealth,love,aristocracy and feminine beauty. There are 9 types of Mudan based on the colors:red,white,purple,yellow,blue,green,black,pink,and multi-colored. [4]
Heze has a monsoon-influenced climate that lies between the humid subtropical and humid continental zones (Köppen Cwa/Dwa),with four well-defined seasons. The city is warm and nearly rainless in spring,hot and humid in summer,crisp in autumn and cold and dry in winter. The mean annual temperature is 14.22 °C (57.6 °F),with the monthly 24-hour average temperature ranging from −0.5 °C (31.1 °F) in January to 27.1 °C (80.8 °F) in July. Nearly 70% of the annual precipitation occurs from June to September. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 48% in July to 60% in May,the city receives 2,411 hours of bright sunshine annually.
Climate data for Heze (1991–2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 18.2 (64.8) | 23.2 (73.8) | 28.5 (83.3) | 33.7 (92.7) | 38.1 (100.6) | 42.0 (107.6) | 41.8 (107.2) | 38.4 (101.1) | 36.0 (96.8) | 32.7 (90.9) | 26.8 (80.2) | 20.6 (69.1) | 42.0 (107.6) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 4.9 (40.8) | 9.0 (48.2) | 15.2 (59.4) | 21.7 (71.1) | 27.1 (80.8) | 31.9 (89.4) | 32.2 (90.0) | 30.8 (87.4) | 27.1 (80.8) | 21.7 (71.1) | 13.6 (56.5) | 6.9 (44.4) | 20.2 (68.3) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) | 3.6 (38.5) | 9.4 (48.9) | 15.7 (60.3) | 21.3 (70.3) | 26.1 (79.0) | 27.6 (81.7) | 26.2 (79.2) | 21.6 (70.9) | 15.7 (60.3) | 8.1 (46.6) | 1.8 (35.2) | 14.8 (58.6) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.6 (25.5) | −0.5 (31.1) | 4.8 (40.6) | 10.6 (51.1) | 16.1 (61.0) | 21.0 (69.8) | 23.8 (74.8) | 22.6 (72.7) | 17.5 (63.5) | 11.2 (52.2) | 3.9 (39.0) | −1.8 (28.8) | 10.5 (50.8) |
Record low °C (°F) | −20.4 (−4.7) | −15.6 (3.9) | −11.3 (11.7) | −4.4 (24.1) | 3.8 (38.8) | 10.2 (50.4) | 15.4 (59.7) | 12.1 (53.8) | 4.8 (40.6) | −1.3 (29.7) | −12.9 (8.8) | −17.5 (0.5) | −20.4 (−4.7) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 6.5 (0.26) | 11.9 (0.47) | 17.3 (0.68) | 32.1 (1.26) | 49.6 (1.95) | 62.0 (2.44) | 166.7 (6.56) | 138.6 (5.46) | 74.4 (2.93) | 31.6 (1.24) | 27.4 (1.08) | 8.9 (0.35) | 627 (24.68) |
Average precipitation days (≥0.1 mm) | 3.0 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 6.4 | 7.6 | 11.4 | 10.5 | 7.4 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 2.9 | 72.2 |
Average snowy days | 3.6 | 3.1 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.9 | 2.4 | 11.3 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 65 | 61 | 58 | 62 | 65 | 64 | 78 | 82 | 77 | 70 | 70 | 67 | 68 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 142.0 | 153.6 | 203.4 | 227.7 | 251.2 | 237.2 | 209.8 | 201.1 | 181.5 | 183.0 | 152.9 | 143.1 | 2,286.5 |
Percent possible sunshine | 45 | 49 | 55 | 58 | 58 | 55 | 48 | 49 | 49 | 53 | 50 | 47 | 51 |
Source:China Meteorological Administration [5] [6] [7] |
The prefecture-level city of Heze administers nine county-level divisions. The municipal executive,legislature and judiciary are in Mudan District (牡丹区),together with CPC and public security bureaux.
There are two districts and seven counties:
These are further divided into 158 township-level divisions.
Map |
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According to the 2010 population census,Heze was home to 8,287,693 people,of whom 1,346,717 live in the built-up area around the seat of government in Mudan District.
Heze is the largest center in China for the cultivation of the "national flower" peony,after which the Mudan District was named. Over 30% of its GDP comes from the sale of peony.
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Ulanqab or Ulan Chab is a region administered as a prefecture-level city in south-central Inner Mongolia,China. Its administrative centre is in Jining District,which was formerly a county-level city. It was established as a prefecture-level city on 1 December 2003,formed from the former Ulanqab League. The Ulanqab Stadium is located in the city.
Jining is a former capital of Shandong. Is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Shandong province. It borders Heze to the southwest,Zaozhuang to the southeast,Tai'an to the northeast,and the provinces of Henan and Jiangsu to the northwest and south respectively. Jining,which is located directly to the north of Lake Nanyang,is today the northernmost city reachable by navigation on the Grand Canal of China making it an important inland port.
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Liaocheng,is a prefecture-level city in western Shandong province,China. It borders the provincial capital of Jinan to the southeast,Dezhou to the northeast,Tai'an to the south,and the provinces of Hebei and Henan to the west. The Grand Canal flows through the city center. Its population was 5,789,863 at the 2010 census whom 1,229,768 lived in the built-up area made up of Donchangfu district,even though large parts remain rural.
Rizhao,alternatively romanized as Jihchao,is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Shandong province,China. It is situated on the coastline along the Yellow Sea,and features a major seaport,the Port of Rizhao. It borders Qingdao to the northeast,Weifang to the north,Linyi to the west and southwest,and faces Korea and Japan across the Yellow Sea to the east.
Xiajin County is a county in the northwest of Shandong Province,China,bordering Hebei to the west. It is the westernmost county-level division of the prefecture-level city of Dezhou. Its total size is 882 km2 (341 sq mi),and its population is roughly 500,000. Its economy is mostly agricultural,including cotton,wheat,and corn.
Juye is a county in western Shandong province which is under the administration of Heze municipality. The county is 1,303 square km in area and has a population of approximately 910,000.
Dingtao District is a district under the jurisdiction of Heze in Shandong province,China. Emperor Gaozu of Han's ill-fated consort Qi was from this area.
Wulian County is a county of the prefecture-level city of Rizhao,Shandong. The county is known for and named after its eponymous Wulian Mountain. It borders Zhucheng to the north,Donggang District to the south,Ju County to the west and Xihai'an to the east.
Yuncheng is a county in the southwest of Shandong province,China. It is the northernmost county-level division of the prefecture-level city of Heze. It borders the Yellow River and Henan to the north,Liangshan County to the northeast,Jiaxiang County to the east,Juye County to the southeast,and Mudan District to the southwest,and Juancheng County to the west. It stretches 44 km (27 mi) from north to south and 36 km (22 mi) from east to west.
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Yuanqu or Wanqu County,known as Wanting County after 1086,was a former county of imperial China covering most of present-day Dongming County and the western part of Mudan District in the Heze Prefecture of southwestern Shandong. Yuanqu or Wanqu was also the name of its eponymous county seat. The town was destroyed by a flood of the Yellow River in 1168,and its territory merged with Jiyin County. The ruins of the county seat were rediscovered at Longwangmiao Village in southwestern Mudan District in June 2007 by a team of archaeologists from the district government.