Nanjing,alternatively romanized as Nanking,is the capital of Jiangsu province of the People's Republic of China. It is a sub-provincial city,and a megacity. The city has 11 districts,an administrative area of 6,600 km2 (2,500 sq mi),and a population of 9,423,400 as of 2021. Situated in the Yangtze River Delta region,Nanjing has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture,having served as the capital of various Chinese dynasties,kingdoms and republican governments dating from the 3rd century to 1949,and has thus long been a major center of culture,education,research,politics,economy,transport networks and tourism,being the home to one of the world's largest inland ports. The city is also one of the fifteen sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China's administrative structure,enjoying jurisdictional and economic autonomy only slightly less than that of a province. Nanjing has been ranked seventh in the evaluation of "Cities with Strongest Comprehensive Strength" issued by the National Statistics Bureau,and second in the evaluation of cities with most sustainable development potential in the Yangtze River Delta. It has also been awarded the title of 2008 Habitat Scroll of Honor of China,Special UN Habitat Scroll of Honor Award and National Civilized City. Nanjing is also considered a Beta city classification,together with Chongqing,Hangzhou and Tianjin by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network,and ranked as one of the world's top 100 cities in the Global Financial Centres Index.
Anhui is an eastern landlocked province of the People's Republic of China. Its provincial capital and largest city is Hefei. The province is located across the basins of the Yangtze River and the Huai River,bordering Jiangsu to the east,Zhejiang to the southeast,Jiangxi to the south,Hubei to the southwest,Henan to the northwest,and Shandong for a short section in the north.
Jiangsu is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. It is one of the leading provinces in finance,education,technology,and tourism,with its capital in Nanjing. Jiangsu is the third smallest,but the fifth most populous and the most densely populated of the 23 provinces of the People's Republic of China. Jiangsu has the highest GDP per capita and second-highest GDP of Chinese provinces,after Guangdong. Jiangsu borders Shandong in the north,Anhui to the west,and Zhejiang and Shanghai to the south. Jiangsu has a coastline of over 1,000 kilometers (620 mi) along the Yellow Sea,and the Yangtze River passes through the southern part of the province.
Zhili,alternately romanized as Chihli,was a northern administrative region of China since the 14th-century that lasted through the Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty until 1911,when the region was dissolved,converted to a province,and renamed Hebei in 1928.
Huai'an,formerly Huaiyin,is a prefecture-level city in central Jiangsu Province in Eastern China. As of 2020,the built-up area (metro) of its 3 central urban districts had 2,544,767 inhabitants and the prefecture-level city as a whole had 4,556,230 inhabitants,down from 4.8 million in 2010.
Zhenjiang,alternately romanized as Chinkiang,is a prefecture-level city in Jiangsu Province,China. It lies on the southern bank of the Yangtze River near its intersection with the Grand Canal. It is opposite Yangzhou and between Nanjing and Changzhou. Zhenjiang was formerly the provincial capital of Jiangsu and remains as an important transportation hub. As of the 2020 census,its total population was 3,210,418 inhabitants whom 1,266,790 lived in the built-up area made of the 3 urban districts. The town is best known both in China and abroad for Chinkiang vinegar,a fragrant black vinegar that is a staple of Chinese cooking.
Jiangnan,also romanized as Kiangnan,Chiang-nan,and Jiang Nan,is a geographic area in China referring to lands immediately to the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,including the southern part of its delta. The region encompasses the city of Shanghai,the southern part of Jiangsu Province,the southeastern part of Anhui Province,the northern part of Jiangxi Province and the northern part of Zhejiang Province. The most important cities in the area include Anqing,Changzhou,Hangzhou,Nanjing,Ningbo,Shaoxing,Suzhou,Wuxi,Wenzhou,Yangzhou and Zhenjiang.
Zongdu,usually translated as Viceroy,Head of State or Governor-General,governed one territory or more provinces of China during the Ming and Qing dynasties.
Sun Chuanfang a.k.a. the "Nanking Warlord" or leader of the "League of Five Provinces" was a Zhili clique warlord and protégéof the "Jade Marshal" Wu Peifu (1874–1939).
Liang Hongzhi;was a leading official in the Anhui clique of the Beiyang Government,later noted for his role as in the collaborationist Reformed Government of the Republic of China during World War II.
The Viceroy of Liangjiang or Viceroy of the Two Jiangs,fully referred to in Chinese as the Governor-General of the Two Yangtze Provinces and Surrounding Areas Overseeing Military Affairs,Provisions and Funds,Manager of Waterways,Director of Civil Affairs,was one of eight regional Viceroys in China proper during the Qing dynasty. The Viceroy of Liangjiang had jurisdiction over Jiangsu,Jiangxi and Anhui provinces. Because Jiangsu and Anhui were previously part of a single province,Jiangnan,they were thus known,along with Jiangxi,as the two jiangs,hence the name "Liangjiang".
Xuyi is a county under the administration of Huai'an Prefecture in central Jiangsu Province in eastern China. The southernmost of Huai'an's county-level divisions,it borders the prefecture-level cities of Suqian,Jiangsu,to the north and Chuzhou,Anhui,to the south and west. Xuyi is the site of the Ming Zuling tombs and also noted for production of crayfish.
Beizhili,formerly romanized as Pei-chih-li,Pechili,Peichili,etc. and also known as North or Northern Zhili or Chih-li,was a historical province of the Ming Empire. Its capital was Beijing,from which it is also sometimes known as Beijing or Peking Province. Beizhili mostly covered the area of the Yuan province of Zhongshu—the "Central Administration"—and took its own name—Chinese for "Northern Directly Administered Area"—from Beijing's status as the Ming's national capital following the Yongle Emperor move there from Nanjing,which oversaw Nanzhili or the Southern Directly Administered Area. In 1645,at the beginning of the Qing dynasty,the name of Beizhili was changed to Zhili. Under the Republic and People's Republic of China,it was divided into Hebei and the provincial-level municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin.
The Jiangnan Examination Hall,near the Confucius temple,is located in the southern part of Nanjing,Jiangsu Province,China. It is the largest examination hall for imperial examination in ancient China. It now houses the Imperial Examination Museum.
Yangzhou,Yangchow or Yang Province was one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China mentioned in historical texts such as the Tribute of Yu,Erya and Rites of Zhou.
Xuzhou as a historical toponym refers to varied area in different eras.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Nanjing,Jiangsu Province,China.
Jiangnan,formerly romanized as Kiangnan,was a historical province of the early Qing Empire. Its capital was Jiangning,from which it is sometimes known as Nanjing or Nanking Province. Established in 1645 during the Manchu conquest of Ming China,it administered the area of the earlier Ming province of Nanzhili,reaching from north of the Huai River—at the time the course of the Yellow River—to south of the Yangtze River in East China. Its territory was later divided into the separate provinces of Jiangsu and Anhui during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor (1736–1795),although the exact timing is disputed. Under the Republic and People's Republic of China,an area of Jiangsu also became the provincial-level municipality of Shanghai.
The Jianghuai people are people from Jianghuai over the floodplains and the estuary of the Yangtze River region. The word Jianghuai is a geographical and cultural definition of the people group living in the historical Liangjiang (两江) area,southeastern Henan province,Suzhou,and the central region of Anhui province.
Qi Xieyuan,born Qi Ying,with a courtesy name of Qi Fuwan and the art name of Yaoshan,was a general of the military of the Republic of China and a warlord of the Zhili clique. He defected to the Japanese after the creation of the Provisional Government of the Republic of China,later participating in the North China Political Council,its successor.
