Remix album

Last updated May 27, 2024

Michael Jackson (left) and Madonna have the first and second best-selling remix albums in history: Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix and You Can Dance , respectively

A remix album is an album consisting of remixes or rerecorded versions of an artist's earlier released material. The first act who employed the format was American singer-songwriter Harry Nilsson ( Aerial Pandemonium Ballet , 1971).^[1] As of 2007, the best-selling remix album of all time is Michael Jackson's Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix (1997).

History and concept

Aerial Pandemonium Ballet (1971) by Harry Nilsson is credited as the first remix album.^[1] It was released after the successes of "Everybody's Talkin'" and The Point! , when he decided that his older material had started to sound dated.^{[ citation needed ]} Neu!'s Neu! 2 (1973) has also been described as "in effect the first remix album", as many tracks see the duo "speed up, slow down, cut, doctor, and mutilate the material, sometimes beyond recognition".^[2]

In the 1980s, record companies would combine several kinds of electronic dance music, such as dance-pop, house, techno, trance, drum and bass, dubstep, hardstyle, and trap into full-length albums, creating a relatively low-overhead addition to the catalogs and balance sheets.^[3] Soft Cell's Non Stop Ecstatic Dancing (1982) and The Human League's Love and Dancing (1982) are credited for inventing the modern remix album.^[4] Since this time, this kind of release is not only seen as an easy cash-in for an artist and their label, but also as an opportunity to provide a second lease of life for a record.^[5] In reggae music, it is not uncommon for a whole album to be remixed in a dub style.^[6]^[7]

Jennifer Lopez's album J to tha L–O! The Remixes is listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as the first remix album to debut at No.1 on the Billboard 200 chart.^[8]

List of best-selling remix albums

Best-selling remix albums worldwide
No.	Album	Artist	Record label	Released	Total certified units (from available markets)^{[lower-alpha 1]}	Claimed sales (At least 500,000 sold)
1	Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix	Michael Jackson	Epic Records	1997	2,575,000 US: 1,000,000^[9] JPN: 100,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[10] GER: 250,000^[11] UK: 100,000^[12] FRA: 300,000^[13] CAN: 50,000<^[14] AUS: 70,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[15] AUT: 25,000^[16] BRA: 100,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[17] NLD: 100,000^[18] ITA: 50,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[19] SPA: 100,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[20]^[21] DEN: 100,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[22]^[23]^[24] SWI: 50,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[25] BEL: 50,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[26]^[27] POL: 50,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[28] FIN: 20,000^[29] HKG: 20,000^[30] NOR: 25,000^[31] NZ: 15,000^[32]^[33]	6,000,000^[34]
2	You Can Dance	Madonna	Sire Records	1987	2,305,000 US: 1,000,000^[9] GER: 250,000^[11] UK: 300,000^[12] FRA: 300,000^[13] AUS: 70,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[15] HK: 20,000^[35] BRA: 100,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[17] POR: 20,000^[36] SWI: 25,000^[37] ARG: 30,000^[38] NLD: 50,000^[18] SPA: 100,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[39]^[40] SWI: 25,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[25] NZ: 15,000^[32]^[33]	5,000,000^[41]
3	Love	The Beatles	Apple Records	2006	4,132,500 US: 2,000,000^[9] JPN: 250,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[10] ARG: 20,000^[38] GER: 300,000^[11] UK: 600,000^[12] FRA: 200,000^[13] CAN: 200,000^[14] AUS: 140,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[15] NLD: 35,000^[18] SPA: 160,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[20] DEN: 80,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[24] SWI: 30,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[25] BEL: 25,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[27] POL: 20,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[28] NZ: 15,000^[32]^[33] GRE: 7,500^[42] IRE: 45,000^[43] MEX: 50,000^[44]	5,000,000^[45]
4	Reanimation	Linkin Park	Warner Bros. Records	2002	1,597,500 US: 1,000,000^[9] GER: 150,000^[11] UK: 300,000^[12] AUS: 35,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[15] BRA: 50,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[17] SWI: 20,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[25] NZ: 7,500^[32]^[33] AUT: 15,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[46] ARG: 20,000^[38]
5	J to tha L–O! The Remixes	Jennifer Lopez	Epic Records	2002	1,582,500 US: 1,000,000^[9] UK: 300,000^[12] FRA: 100,000^[13] CAN: 100,000^[14] AUS: 35,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[15] NLD: 40,000^[18] NZ: 7,500^[32]^[33]	3,000,000^[47]
6	Shut Up and Dance: Mixes	Paula Abdul	Virgin Records	1990	1,107,500 US: 1,100,000^[9] CAN: 100,000^[14] NZ: 7,500^[32]^[33]	1,000,000^[48]
7	Super Eurobeat Presents Ayu-ro Mix	Ayumi Hamasaki	Avex Trax	2000	1,200,000 JAP: 1,200,000^[49]
8	We Invented the Remix	P. Diddy	Bad Boy Records	2002	1,100,000 US: 1,000,000^[9] UK: 100,000^[12]
9	Never Say Never: The Remixes	Justin Bieber	Island Records	2011	1,040,000 US: 1,000,000^[9] BRA: 40,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[17]
10	Dance!...Ya Know It!	Bobby Brown	MCA Records	1989	1,007,500 US: 1,000,000^[9] NZ: 7,500^[32]
11	No More Games/The Remix Album	New Kids on the Block	Columbia Records	1990	1,000,000 US: 500,000^[9] JPN: 100,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[10] CAN: 200,000^[14] AUT: 25,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[15] BRA: 100,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[17] SPA: 50,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[20]^[21]^[50]^[39] FIN: 20,000^[29]
12	Misia Remix 2000 Little Tokyo	Misia	Arista Records	2000	800,000 JAP: 800,000^[51]	831,000^[51]
13	Further Down the Spiral	Nine Inch Nails	Nothing Records	1995	600,000 US: 500,000^[9] UK: 100,000^[12]
14	Ayu-mi-x II Version Non-Stop Mega Mix	Ayumi Hamasaki	Avex Trax	2000	400,000 JPN: 400,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[10]	505,000^[52]
15	Disco	Pet Shop Boys	Parlophone	1986	550,000 GER: 250,000^[11] UK: 100,000^[12]
16	New Old Songs	Limp Bizkit	Interscope Records	2001	500,000 US: 500,000^[9]
17	Eu e Memê, Memê e Eu	Lulu Santos	BMG Brasil	2000	500,000 BRA: 500,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[17]
18	The Remix	Lady Gaga	Interscope Records	2010	405,000 JPN: 250,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[10] BRA: 40,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[17] BEL: 15,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[27] UK: 100,000^[12]	500,000^[53]
19	The Remixes	Shakira	Sony Music	1997	200,000 US: 200,000^[9]	500,000^[54]
20	Todas as Estações - Remixes	Sandy & Junior	Universal Music Group	2000	250,000 BRA: 250,000^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[17]	500,000^[55]

Notes

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
Certification systems have been established periodically throughout the past half century; thus, certification databases are not able to cover all sales. Some (or all) records released and sold prior to a certification system's establishment year may not be found within the available searchable certification databases. Year of establishment (from largest market to smallest based on Retail Value each market generates respectively):^{[lower-alpha 2]}^{[lower-alpha 3]}
- United States: 1958^{[lower-alpha 4]}
- Japan: 1989^{[lower-alpha 5]}
- Germany: 1975^{[lower-alpha 6]}
- United Kingdom: 1973^{[lower-alpha 7]}
- France: 1973^{[lower-alpha 8]}
- Canada: 1975^{[lower-alpha 9]}
- Australia: 1997^{[lower-alpha 10]} (online certification-database has begun since 1997. Certifications; however, existed in Australia since the 1970s)
- Brazil: 1990^{[lower-alpha 11]}
- Netherlands: 1978^{[lower-alpha 12]}
- Italy: 2009^{[lower-alpha 13]} (online certification-database covers certifications issued since 2009. Certifications; however, have existed in Italy since the 1990s)
- Spain: 1979^{[lower-alpha 14]}
- Sweden: 1987^{[lower-alpha 15]}
- Denmark: 2001^{[lower-alpha 16]} (online certifications for Denmark start from 2001. Certifications; however, existed in Denmark since the early 1990s^{[lower-alpha 17]})
- Switzerland: 1989^{[lower-alpha 18]}
- Mexico: 1999^{[lower-alpha 19]}
- Argentina: 1980^{[lower-alpha 20]}
- Belgium: 1995^{[lower-alpha 21]}
- Austria: 1990^{[lower-alpha 22]}
- Poland: 1995^{[lower-alpha 23]}
- Finland: 1971^{[lower-alpha 24]}
- Ireland: 2005^{[lower-alpha 25]}
- New Zealand: July 1978^{[lower-alpha 26]}
Certified sales might sometimes be larger than actual sales, if stores order more albums than they are able to sell, due to certifications generally being determined by shipments and not actual sales. Often, however, actual sales are larger than certified sales, since record labels must pay a fee to obtain certifications. Record companies often apply for certifications only when a record reaches a multiple certification-levels, meaning certifications might not be visible in the databases for more than a short period of time after an album reached a certification level.^{[lower-alpha 27]}^{[lower-alpha 28]} As global music sales declined in the 2000s mostly due to CD burning and downloading from unauthorized sites, certification bodies opted to reduce their certification levels.^{[lower-alpha 29]} See the changes in Certification-award-levels in the following markets:
- United States ^{[lower-alpha 30]} (Note, U.S. certification-award-levels for singles before 1989 were: 1,000,000 for Gold and 2,000,000 for Platinum.^{[lower-alpha 31]} Also, U.S. certification-awards for Shortform albums before September 1996 were: 250,000 for Gold and 500,000 for Platinum^{[lower-alpha 32]})
- Japan ^{[lower-alpha 33]}^{[lower-alpha 34]}
- Germany ^{[lower-alpha 35]}
- United Kingdom ^{[lower-alpha 36]}
- France ^{[lower-alpha 37]}^{[lower-alpha 8]}^{[lower-alpha 38]}^{[lower-alpha 39]}
- Canada ^{[lower-alpha 40]} (Canadian certification-award-levels for singles before February 1982 were: 75,000 for Gold and 150,000 for Platinum^{[lower-alpha 41]})
- Brazil ^{[lower-alpha 42]}^{[lower-alpha 43]}^{[lower-alpha 44]}
- Netherlands ^{[lower-alpha 45]}
- Italy ^{[lower-alpha 13]}^{[lower-alpha 46]}^{[lower-alpha 47]}
- Spain ^{[lower-alpha 48]}^{[lower-alpha 49]}
- Sweden ^{[lower-alpha 50]}
- Denmark ^{[lower-alpha 17]}^{[lower-alpha 51]}^{[lower-alpha 52]}^{[lower-alpha 53]}
- Switzerland ^{[lower-alpha 18]}
- Mexico ^{[lower-alpha 54]}^{[lower-alpha 55]}
- Argentina ^{[lower-alpha 20]}
- Belgium ^{[lower-alpha 56]}^{[lower-alpha 57]}
- Austria:^{[lower-alpha 56]}^{[lower-alpha 58]}^{[lower-alpha 59]}
- Poland ^{[lower-alpha 60]}^{[lower-alpha 61]}
- Finland ^{[lower-alpha 24]}
- New Zealand: (NZ certification-levels for singles before 1989 were: 10,000 for Gold, 20,000 for Platinum)^{[lower-alpha 62]}(NZ certification-levels for singles before June 2007 were: 5,000 for Gold, 10,000 for Platinum)^{[lower-alpha 63]} (The levels for singles were adjusted again on 17 June 2016 from previous 7,500 for Gold, 15,000 for Platinum, to 15,000 for Gold, 30,000 for Platinum)^{[lower-alpha 64]}
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1 2 3 4 5
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1 2 3 4 "SNEP: Les Certifications". Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique (in French). SNEP. Retrieved 14 November 2019.
1 2 3 4 5 "Music Canada: Gold & Platinum searchable database". Music Canada . Retrieved 1 July 2014.
1 2 3 4 5 6
↑ "Home | IFPI". Archived from the original on 20 March 2012.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "PMB: Certificados" (in Portuguese). Pro-Música Brasil . Retrieved 27 October 2018.
1 2 3 4 "NVPI: Goud/Platina". NVPI. Archived from the original on 4 July 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
↑
1 2 3 "PROMUSICAE Charts: Home > Weekly charts" (in Spanish). Productores de Música de España . Retrieved 8 November 2013.
1 2 Salaverri, Fernando (2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año : 1991-1995. Iberautor Promociones Culturales. pp. 928–939. ISBN 978-84-8048-639-2 . Retrieved 31 July 2013.
↑ "Hitlisten.nu". Tracklisten . Hitlisten.nu. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
↑ "Guld og platin i august". IFPI Denmark . 9 May 2004. Archived from the original on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
1 2 "IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer". IFPI Denmark . Retrieved 12 January 2020.
1 2 3 4 "Hitparade.ch: Edelmetall". Schweizer Hitparade . Hung Medien. Retrieved 22 July 2017.Note that the certifications for DVDs need to be retrieved by selecting the years at"http://hitparade.ch/awards.asp"
↑ "Awards 1997–2003". Belgian Entertainment Association . Ultratop . Retrieved 4 February 2011.
1 2 3 "Ultratop: Goud En Platina". Ultratop . Retrieved 31 May 2018.
1 2
1 2 "Kulta- ja platinalevyt: Artistit". Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland. Archived from the original on 5 July 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
↑ "Archived copy". ifpihk.org. Archived from the original on 18 March 2012. Retrieved 12 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
↑ "Trofeoversikt - IFPI - Gull og Platina". Archived from the original on 25 July 2012.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 "Radioscope: Latest Gold / Platinum Albums". Radioscope. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
↑ Rojek, Chris (2007). Cultural Studies. Polity. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-7456-3683-2.
↑ "IFPIHK Gold Disc Award − 1988". IFPI Hong Kong. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
↑ De Almeida, Luis Pinheiro (4 January 1989). "Platinum in Portugal" (PDF). Music & Media . 4 (2): 10. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
↑ "Gold & Platinum Awards 1987: Switzerland" (PDF). Music & Media. 4 (51–52): 46. 16 December 1987. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
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↑ Salaverri, Fernando (2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año : 2000-2002. Iberautor Promociones Culturales. pp. 952–966. ISBN 978-84-8048-639-2 . Retrieved 31 July 2013.
↑ "Madonna, take a bow". The Detroit News. 8 March 2008. Retrieved 27 July 2013. ...a fixture in the city's underground dance club scene, her collection of remixes released a year later in 1987 eventually went on to sell five million copies...
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[cert-9] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Certification systems have been established periodically throughout the past half century; thus, certification databases are not able to cover all sales. Some (or all) records released and sold prior to a certification system's establishment year may not be found within the available searchable certification databases. Year of establishment (from largest market to smallest based on Retail Value each market generates respectively):^{[lower-alpha 2]}^{[lower-alpha 3]}
United States: 1958^{[lower-alpha 4]}
Japan: 1989^{[lower-alpha 5]}
Germany: 1975^{[lower-alpha 6]}
United Kingdom: 1973^{[lower-alpha 7]}
France: 1973^{[lower-alpha 8]}
Canada: 1975^{[lower-alpha 9]}
Australia: 1997^{[lower-alpha 10]} (online certification-database has begun since 1997. Certifications; however, existed in Australia since the 1970s)
Brazil: 1990^{[lower-alpha 11]}
Netherlands: 1978^{[lower-alpha 12]}
Italy: 2009^{[lower-alpha 13]} (online certification-database covers certifications issued since 2009. Certifications; however, have existed in Italy since the 1990s)
Spain: 1979^{[lower-alpha 14]}
Sweden: 1987^{[lower-alpha 15]}
Denmark: 2001^{[lower-alpha 16]} (online certifications for Denmark start from 2001. Certifications; however, existed in Denmark since the early 1990s^{[lower-alpha 17]})
Switzerland: 1989^{[lower-alpha 18]}
Mexico: 1999^{[lower-alpha 19]}
Argentina: 1980^{[lower-alpha 20]}
Belgium: 1995^{[lower-alpha 21]}
Austria: 1990^{[lower-alpha 22]}
Poland: 1995^{[lower-alpha 23]}
Finland: 1971^{[lower-alpha 24]}
Ireland: 2005^{[lower-alpha 25]}
New Zealand: July 1978^{[lower-alpha 26]}
Certified sales might sometimes be larger than actual sales, if stores order more albums than they are able to sell, due to certifications generally being determined by shipments and not actual sales. Often, however, actual sales are larger than certified sales, since record labels must pay a fee to obtain certifications. Record companies often apply for certifications only when a record reaches a multiple certification-levels, meaning certifications might not be visible in the databases for more than a short period of time after an album reached a certification level.^{[lower-alpha 27]}^{[lower-alpha 28]} As global music sales declined in the 2000s mostly due to CD burning and downloading from unauthorized sites, certification bodies opted to reduce their certification levels.^{[lower-alpha 29]} See the changes in Certification-award-levels in the following markets:
United States ^{[lower-alpha 30]} (Note, U.S. certification-award-levels for singles before 1989 were: 1,000,000 for Gold and 2,000,000 for Platinum.^{[lower-alpha 31]} Also, U.S. certification-awards for Shortform albums before September 1996 were: 250,000 for Gold and 500,000 for Platinum^{[lower-alpha 32]})
Japan ^{[lower-alpha 33]}^{[lower-alpha 34]}
Germany ^{[lower-alpha 35]}
United Kingdom ^{[lower-alpha 36]}
France ^{[lower-alpha 37]}^{[lower-alpha 8]}^{[lower-alpha 38]}^{[lower-alpha 39]}
Canada ^{[lower-alpha 40]} (Canadian certification-award-levels for singles before February 1982 were: 75,000 for Gold and 150,000 for Platinum^{[lower-alpha 41]})
Brazil ^{[lower-alpha 42]}^{[lower-alpha 43]}^{[lower-alpha 44]}
Netherlands ^{[lower-alpha 45]}
Italy ^{[lower-alpha 13]}^{[lower-alpha 46]}^{[lower-alpha 47]}
Spain ^{[lower-alpha 48]}^{[lower-alpha 49]}
Sweden ^{[lower-alpha 50]}
Denmark ^{[lower-alpha 17]}^{[lower-alpha 51]}^{[lower-alpha 52]}^{[lower-alpha 53]}
Switzerland ^{[lower-alpha 18]}
Mexico ^{[lower-alpha 54]}^{[lower-alpha 55]}
Argentina ^{[lower-alpha 20]}
Belgium ^{[lower-alpha 56]}^{[lower-alpha 57]}
Austria:^{[lower-alpha 56]}^{[lower-alpha 58]}^{[lower-alpha 59]}
Poland ^{[lower-alpha 60]}^{[lower-alpha 61]}
Finland ^{[lower-alpha 24]}
New Zealand: (NZ certification-levels for singles before 1989 were: 10,000 for Gold, 20,000 for Platinum)^{[lower-alpha 62]}(NZ certification-levels for singles before June 2007 were: 5,000 for Gold, 10,000 for Platinum)^{[lower-alpha 63]} (The levels for singles were adjusted again on 17 June 2016 from previous 7,500 for Gold, 15,000 for Platinum, to 15,000 for Gold, 30,000 for Platinum)^{[lower-alpha 64]}

[mwAxY] United States: 1958^{[lower-alpha 4]}

[mwAxs] Japan: 1989^{[lower-alpha 5]}

[mwAyA] Germany: 1975^{[lower-alpha 6]}

[mwAyU] United Kingdom: 1973^{[lower-alpha 7]}

[mwAyo] France: 1973^{[lower-alpha 8]}

[mwAy8] Canada: 1975^{[lower-alpha 9]}

[mwAzQ] Australia: 1997^{[lower-alpha 10]} (online certification-database has begun since 1997. Certifications; however, existed in Australia since the 1970s)

[mwAzk] Brazil: 1990^{[lower-alpha 11]}

[mwAz4] Netherlands: 1978^{[lower-alpha 12]}

[mwA0M] Italy: 2009^{[lower-alpha 13]} (online certification-database covers certifications issued since 2009. Certifications; however, have existed in Italy since the 1990s)

[mwA0g] Spain: 1979^{[lower-alpha 14]}

[mwA00] Sweden: 1987^{[lower-alpha 15]}

[mwA1I] Denmark: 2001^{[lower-alpha 16]} (online certifications for Denmark start from 2001. Certifications; however, existed in Denmark since the early 1990s^{[lower-alpha 17]})

[mwA1o] Switzerland: 1989^{[lower-alpha 18]}

[mwA18] Mexico: 1999^{[lower-alpha 19]}

[mwA2Q] Argentina: 1980^{[lower-alpha 20]}

[mwA2k] Belgium: 1995^{[lower-alpha 21]}

[mwA24] Austria: 1990^{[lower-alpha 22]}

[mwA3M] Poland: 1995^{[lower-alpha 23]}

[mwA3g] Finland: 1971^{[lower-alpha 24]}

[mwA30] Ireland: 2005^{[lower-alpha 25]}

[mwA4I] New Zealand: July 1978^{[lower-alpha 26]}

[mwA5E] United States ^{[lower-alpha 30]} (Note, U.S. certification-award-levels for singles before 1989 were: 1,000,000 for Gold and 2,000,000 for Platinum.^{[lower-alpha 31]} Also, U.S. certification-awards for Shortform albums before September 1996 were: 250,000 for Gold and 500,000 for Platinum^{[lower-alpha 32]})

[mwA5w] Japan ^{[lower-alpha 33]}^{[lower-alpha 34]}

[mwA6Q] Germany ^{[lower-alpha 35]}

[mwA6k] United Kingdom ^{[lower-alpha 36]}

[mwA64] France ^{[lower-alpha 37]}^{[lower-alpha 8]}^{[lower-alpha 38]}^{[lower-alpha 39]}

[mwA7w] Canada ^{[lower-alpha 40]} (Canadian certification-award-levels for singles before February 1982 were: 75,000 for Gold and 150,000 for Platinum^{[lower-alpha 41]})

[mwA8Q] Brazil ^{[lower-alpha 42]}^{[lower-alpha 43]}^{[lower-alpha 44]}

[mwA88] Netherlands ^{[lower-alpha 45]}

[mwA9Q] Italy ^{[lower-alpha 13]}^{[lower-alpha 46]}^{[lower-alpha 47]}

[mwA98] Spain ^{[lower-alpha 48]}^{[lower-alpha 49]}

[mwA-c] Sweden ^{[lower-alpha 50]}

[mwA-w] Denmark ^{[lower-alpha 17]}^{[lower-alpha 51]}^{[lower-alpha 52]}^{[lower-alpha 53]}

[mwA_o] Switzerland ^{[lower-alpha 18]}

[mwA_8] Mexico ^{[lower-alpha 54]}^{[lower-alpha 55]}

[mwBAc] Argentina ^{[lower-alpha 20]}

[mwBAw] Belgium ^{[lower-alpha 56]}^{[lower-alpha 57]}

[mwBBQ] Austria:^{[lower-alpha 56]}^{[lower-alpha 58]}^{[lower-alpha 59]}

[mwBB8] Poland ^{[lower-alpha 60]}^{[lower-alpha 61]}

[mwBCc] Finland ^{[lower-alpha 24]}

[mwBCw] New Zealand: (NZ certification-levels for singles before 1989 were: 10,000 for Gold, 20,000 for Platinum)^{[lower-alpha 62]}(NZ certification-levels for singles before June 2007 were: 5,000 for Gold, 10,000 for Platinum)^{[lower-alpha 63]} (The levels for singles were adjusted again on 17 June 2016 from previous 7,500 for Gold, 15,000 for Platinum, to 15,000 for Gold, 30,000 for Platinum)^{[lower-alpha 64]}

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[Bundesverband_Musikindustrie:_Internationales-58] "Bundesverband Musikindustrie: Internationales: ABB. 28// Umsätze aus dem europäischen Musikverkauf (Page 58)" (PDF). Bundesverband Musikindustrie . Retrieved 20 June 2018.

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[BVMI_Certifications-61] "BVMI: Gold-/Platin-Datenbank". Bundesverband Musikindustrie . Retrieved 5 August 2019.

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[64] Nielsen Business Media, Inc (2 October 1976). "CRIA". Billboard. Retrieved 1 July 2014.{{cite magazine}}: |last1= has generic name (help)

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[66] "Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos – Certificados" [Brazilian Association of Record Producers – Certificates] (in Portuguese). Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos . Retrieved 27 October 2018.

[FIMI_Certifications-68] "F.I.M.I: Federazione Industria Musicale Itaiana" (in Italian). Federation of the Italian Music Industry. Retrieved 7 June 2018.

[Swedish_Certifications-70] "Guld & Platina IFPI" [Gold & Platinum IFPI] (in Swedish). International Federation of the Phonographic Industry – Sweden. Archived from the original on 17 May 2011. Retrieved 31 August 2013.

[Guld-_og_platinplader_er_devalueret-72] Guld- og platinplader er devalueret [Gold and Platinum awards are lowered] (in Danish). 24 April 2003. Retrieved 7 June 2014.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

[Awards_1989_and_Certification_criteria-73] "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community – Awards". Hung Medien. Retrieved 15 September 2009.

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[Capif-75] "Capif" (in Spanish). Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers. Archived from the original on 20 August 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2018.

[76] "Goud En Platina - Singles 1995". Ultratop . Retrieved 30 June 2018.

[Austrian_Certifications-77] "IFPI Austria : Gold & Platin" (in German). International Federation of the Phonographic Industry – Austria. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 13 February 2019.

[Polish_Certifications-78] "Polish certification awards 1995–present" (in Polish). ZPAV . Retrieved 13 November 2014.

[Tilastot-79] "Tilastot" [IFPI Statistics] (in Finnish). International Federation of the Phonographic Industry Finland. Archived from the original on 10 June 2010. Retrieved 27 May 2010.

[Irish_certification-database-80] "The Irish Charts: Certtifications-Awards". Irish Recorded Music Association. Archived from the original on 8 February 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2012.

[New_Zealand's_Certifications-81] "Recorded Music New Zealand: The Official New Zealand Music Chart". Recorded Music New Zealand . Retrieved 16 May 2015.

[WSJ-82] Bialik, Carl (15 July 2009). "Spun: The Off-the-Wall Accounting of Record Sales". The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved 8 September 2009.

[The_awards:_Certifications-83] "The awards: Certifications". Recording Industry Association of America . Retrieved 6 August 2011.

[84] "The Recording Industry – World Sales 2003" (PDF). International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 December 2011. Retrieved 16 September 2009.

[Country_Takes_The_Crop_(14_February_2008)-85] "Country Takes The Crop (February 14, 2008)". Recording Industry Association of America. Archived from the original on 1 March 2008. Retrieved 23 January 2010.

[86] Grein, Paul (14 May 1989). "New Golden Rule: 500,000 Sales Mark for All Singles". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 26 November 2010.

[87] "RIIA Certifications". Billboard. 10 August 1996. Retrieved 9 July 2011.

[88] RIAJ Certs Plan Criticized. Recording Industry Association of Japan. 25 October 2003. Retrieved 30 March 2012.

[89] "現基準-旧基準（～2003.06）" [Current criteria-Former Criteria]. Recording Industry Association of Japan . Retrieved 8 November 2015.

[90] "GOLD-/PLATIN- und DIAMOND-Auszeichnung" [GOLD / PLATINUM and DIAMOND awards] (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie . Retrieved 26 January 2020.

[91] "Certified Awards Timeline" (PDF). BPI . Retrieved 1 May 2012.

[92] "A propos des certifications" (PDF). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique (in French). SNEP. Retrieved 14 November 2019.

[93] Nielsen Business Media, Inc (26 July 2006). "France Lowers Gold Standard". Billboard. p. 16 . Retrieved 22 April 2012. SNEP reduces Platinum certification.{{cite magazine}}: |last1= has generic name (help)

[Les_Certifications_Officielles:_Chronologie_Singles-94] "Les Certifications Officielles: Chronologie Singles". Info Disc. Retrieved 4 March 2016.

[95] "Certification Definitions". Music Canada. Retrieved 1 July 2014.

[96] "CRIA Reports 46% Rise for Disk Certifications". Billboard. 27 February 1982. Retrieved 29 July 2011.

[97] "Tabela de Níveis de Certificação Pro-Música" [Levels for Certifications (most recent)] (in Portuguese). Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos. Archived from the original on 21 June 2018. Retrieved 7 November 2015.

[98] "Níveis de Certificação" [Levels for Certifications] (in Portuguese). Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos. Archived from the original on 6 September 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2018.

[99] "Certification Award Levels 2009" (PDF). IFPI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016.

[NVPI_certification-award-levels-100] "Dutch Certification-award-levels" (Words) (in Dutch). NVPI . Retrieved 1 May 2012.^{[ permanent dead link ]}

[101] "Newsline: Italian Label Body FIMI". Billboard. 5 February 2005. Retrieved 24 October 2011.

[102] "FIMI Lowers Gold, Platinum Levels". Billboard. 28 January 2008. Retrieved 13 November 2014.

[103] "Global Newsline: Spain Lowers Certifications". Billboard. 26 November 2005. Retrieved 24 October 2011.

[104] "PROMUSICAE: Top 100 Albums (SEMANA 37: del 07.09.2009 al 13.09.2009)" (PDF). PROMUSICAE. 13 September 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 May 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2014.

[105] "Swedish Certification-award-levels" (PDF). IFPI Sweden. Retrieved 31 August 2013.

[106] "IFPI Denmark Revamps Certification Levels". Billboard . 7 February 2007. Retrieved 28 June 2011.

[107] Nye regler for platinplader til downloads [New rule for Gold and Platinum downloads]. 20 April 2009. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2014.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

[108] IFPI Denmark: Guld og platin. 2011. Archived from the original on 11 April 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2014.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

[109] "Certificaciones" (PDF) (in Spanish). Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 March 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2018.

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[113] "Certification levels for Austria (all periods)" (in German). IFPI Austria.

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[first-1] 1 2 Fennessey, Sean (6 August 2013). "Deconstructing Harry". Grantland .

[2] Chamy, Michael (13 July 2001). "Neu!, Neu! 2, and Neu! 75 (Astralwerks)". The Austin Chronicle . Retrieved 1 October 2022.

[3] Aswad, Jem (28 August 2020). "Dua Lipa's Remix Collection 'Club Future Nostalgia' Is an Immaculate Reconception: Album Review". Variety .

[4] Lester, Paul (31 October 2007). "No 216: Spektrum". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 October 2022.

[official-5] Copsay, Rob (20 August 2020). "Remix albums: the best, biggest and highest charting". Official Charts Company . Retrieved 9 November 2014.

[Dub_p.2-6] Dub: soundscapes and shattered songs in Jamaican reggae, p.2

[7] Chris Roberts, Heavy Words Lightly Thrown: The Reason Behind Rhyme, Thorndike Press,2006 ( ISBN 0-7862-8517-6)

[8] "First remix album to debut at No.1 on the Billboard 200 chart". Guinness World Records . 2 October 2020.

[RIAA_Certifications-10] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "RIAA: Searchable Database". Recording Industry Association of America . Retrieved 23 September 2011.

[RIAJ_Digital_certifications-11] 1 2 3 4 5 "RIAJ: Digital Certifications" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Retrieved 8 November 2015.

[BVMI_Certifications-12] 1 2 3 4 5

[BPI_certifications-13] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Certified Awards Search". British Phonographic Industry . Retrieved 7 September 2018.

[SNEP_Certifications-14] 1 2 3 4 "SNEP: Les Certifications". Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique (in French). SNEP. Retrieved 14 November 2019.

[Music_Canada_Certifications-15] 1 2 3 4 5 "Music Canada: Gold & Platinum searchable database". Music Canada . Retrieved 1 July 2014.

[Australian_Certifications-16] 1 2 3 4 5 6

[17] "Home | IFPI". Archived from the original on 20 March 2012.

[PMB_Certifications-18] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "PMB: Certificados" (in Portuguese). Pro-Música Brasil . Retrieved 27 October 2018.

[NVPI:_Goud/Platina-19] 1 2 3 4 "NVPI: Goud/Platina". NVPI. Archived from the original on 4 July 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2018.

[FIMI_Certifications-20] ↑

[Spanish_Certifications-21] 1 2 3 "PROMUSICAE Charts: Home > Weekly charts" (in Spanish). Productores de Música de España . Retrieved 8 November 2013.

[Spanish_certifications_1991-1995-22] 1 2 Salaverri, Fernando (2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año : 1991-1995. Iberautor Promociones Culturales. pp. 928–939. ISBN 978-84-8048-639-2 . Retrieved 31 July 2013.

[Hitlisten.nu-23] "Hitlisten.nu". Tracklisten . Hitlisten.nu. Retrieved 12 May 2018.

[Guld_og_platin_i_august-24] "Guld og platin i august". IFPI Denmark . 9 May 2004. Archived from the original on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2018.

[IFPI_Denmark:_Certificeringer-25] 1 2 "IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer". IFPI Denmark . Retrieved 12 January 2020.

[Swiss_Certifications-26] 1 2 3 4 "Hitparade.ch: Edelmetall". Schweizer Hitparade . Hung Medien. Retrieved 22 July 2017.Note that the certifications for DVDs need to be retrieved by selecting the years at"http://hitparade.ch/awards.asp"

[Belgian_Certifications_1997-2003-27] "Awards 1997–2003". Belgian Entertainment Association . Ultratop . Retrieved 4 February 2011.

[Belgian_Certifications_1995–present-28] 1 2 3 "Ultratop: Goud En Platina". Ultratop . Retrieved 31 May 2018.

[Polish_Certifications-29] 1 2

[Finnish_Certifications-30] 1 2 "Kulta- ja platinalevyt: Artistit". Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland. Archived from the original on 5 July 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2019.

[31] "Archived copy". ifpihk.org. Archived from the original on 18 March 2012. Retrieved 12 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[32] "Trofeoversikt - IFPI - Gull og Platina". Archived from the original on 25 July 2012.

[New_Zealand's_Certifications-33] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

[Radioscope_New_Zealand's_certifications-34] 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Radioscope: Latest Gold / Platinum Albums". Radioscope. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2015.

[35] Rojek, Chris (2007). Cultural Studies. Polity. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-7456-3683-2.

[36] "IFPIHK Gold Disc Award − 1988". IFPI Hong Kong. Retrieved 9 January 2015.

[Portugalcert-37] De Almeida, Luis Pinheiro (4 January 1989). "Platinum in Portugal" (PDF). Music & Media . 4 (2): 10. Retrieved 16 July 2020.

[SWcert-38] "Gold & Platinum Awards 1987: Switzerland" (PDF). Music & Media. 4 (51–52): 46. 16 December 1987. Retrieved 16 July 2020.

[Argentina's_Certifications_for_albums-39] 1 2 3 "CAPIF: Discos de Oro y Platino (albums)". CAPIF. Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved September 27, 2017.

[Spanish_certifications_1996-1999-40] 1 2 Salaverri, Fernando (2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año : 1996-1999. Iberautor Promociones Culturales. pp. 940–952. ISBN 978-84-8048-639-2 . Retrieved 31 July 2013.

[Spanish_certifications_2000-2002-41] Salaverri, Fernando (2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año : 2000-2002. Iberautor Promociones Culturales. pp. 952–966. ISBN 978-84-8048-639-2 . Retrieved 31 July 2013.

[42] "Madonna, take a bow". The Detroit News. 8 March 2008. Retrieved 27 July 2013. ...a fixture in the city's underground dance club scene, her collection of remixes released a year later in 1987 eventually went on to sell five million copies...

[43] "Greek album certifications – The Beatles – Love" (in Greek). IFPI Greece. Retrieved 19 May 2020.

[44] "The Irish Charts - 2006 Certification Awards - Multi Platinum". Irish Recorded Music Association. Retrieved 17 May 2016.

[45] "Certificaciones" (in Spanish). Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. Retrieved 4 March 2019. Type The Beatles in the box under the ARTISTA column heading and Love in the box under TÍTULO

[46] "EMI Group plc preliminary results for the financial year ended 31 March 2007". 21 May 2007. Archived from the original on 19 December 2007. Retrieved 27 July 2007.

[Austrian_Certifications-47] ↑

[48] "Jennifer Lopez: Officiel engelsk biografi" (in Danish and English). Sony Music. 1 October 2010. Archived from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2012.

[49] "Paula Abdul back with her brand of light pop". Spartanburg Herald-Journal . 24 June 1995. p. A9.

[RIAJ-jun2000-50] "GOLD ALBUM 他認定作品 2000年4月度" [Gold Albums, and other certified works. April 2000 Edition](PDF). The Record (Bulletin) (in Japanese). 487. Chūō, Tokyo: Recording Industry Association of Japan: 8. 10 June 2000. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 September 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2014.

[Spanish_certifications_1979-1990-51] Salaverri, Fernando (2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año : 1979-1990. Iberautor Promociones Culturales. pp. 913–929. ISBN 978-84-8048-639-2 . Retrieved 31 July 2013.

[RIAJ-aug2000-52] 1 2 "GOLD ALBUM 他認定作品 2000年6月度" [Gold Albums, and other certified works. June 2000 Edition](PDF). The Record (Bulletin) (in Japanese). 489. Chūō, Tokyo: Recording Industry Association of Japan: 8. 10 August 2000. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 January 2014. Retrieved 17 January 2014.

[sales-53] "オリコンランキング情報サービス「you大樹」" [Oricon Ranking Information Service 'You Big Tree']. Oricon (in Japanese). Retrieved 21 May 2014.

[mtv-54] Ziegbe, Mawuse (8 July 2010). "Lady Gaga Remix Album Due In The U.S. Next Month". MTV News. Retrieved 9 July 2010.

[55] "Los millones de Shakira, Empresas - Edición Impresa Dinero.com - Últimas Noticias" (in Spanish). Dinero.com. 13 October 2011. Archived from the original on 25 January 2013. Retrieved 22 February 2014.

[56] Garcia, Lauro Lisboa (10 July 2000). "A nova namoradinha do brasil". Revista Época . Editora Globo. Archived from the original on 7 September 2008. Retrieved 9 July 2010.

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