Romifidine

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Romifidine
Romifidine.svg
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com International Drug Names
Routes of
administration 		IV
ATCvet code
Legal status
Legal status
  • Veterinary use only
Identifiers
  • N-(2-bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard 100.158.065 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Chemical and physical data
Formula C9H9BrFN3
Molar mass 258.094 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • C1CN=C(N1)NC2=C(C=CC=C2Br)F
  • InChI=1S/C9H9BrFN3/c10-6-2-1-3-7(11)8(6)14-9-12-4-5-13-9/h1-3H,4-5H2,(H2,12,13,14) X mark.svgN
  • Key:KDPNLRQZHDJRFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N X mark.svgN
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Romifidine is a drug that is used in veterinary medicine as a sedative mainly in large animals such as horses, [1] although it may be used in a wide variety of species. [2] [3] It is not used in humans, but is closely related in structure to the commonly used drug clonidine.

Contents

Romifidine acts as an agonist at the α2 adrenergic receptor subtype. Side effects can include bradycardia and respiratory depression. It is often used alongside other sedative or analgesic drugs such as ketamine or butorphanol. [4] [5] Yohimbine can be used as an antidote to rapidly reverse the effects.

Use

Romifidine is licensed for cats and dogs in several countries. Romifidine is licensed for non-meat horses. Romifidine may produce less ataxia during standing sedation than other α2-adrenergic receptor agonists. [6]

Pharmacology

Romifidine is an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist that binds at a ratio of 340:1 over the imidazoline receptor. [6]

Side effects

Romifidine administration in sheep activates pulmonary macrophages that damage the endothelium of capillaries and alveolar type I cells. This in turns causes alveolar haemorrhage and oedema causing hypoxaemia. [6] [7] [8]

References

  1. ↑ Spadavecchia C, Arendt-Nielsen L, Andersen OK, Spadavecchia L, Schatzmann U (November 2005). "Effect of romifidine on the nociceptive withdrawal reflex and temporal summation in conscious horses". American Journal of Veterinary Research. 66 (11): 1992–1998. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.1992 . PMID   16334961.
  2. ↑ De Lucas JJ, Rodríguez C, Marín M, González F, Ballesteros C, San Andrés MI (February 2007). "Pharmacokinetics of intramuscular ketamine in young ostriches premedicated with romifidine". Journal of Veterinary Medicine. A, Physiology, Pathology, Clinical Medicine. 54 (1): 48–50. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2007.00910.x . PMID   17359455.
  3. ↑ Belda E, Laredo FG, Escobar M, Soler M, Lucas X, Agut A (January 2008). "Sedative and cardiorespiratory effects of three doses of romifidine in comparison with medetomidine in five cats". The Veterinary Record. 162 (3): 82–87. doi:10.1136/vr.162.3.82. PMID   18204032. S2CID   41300654.
  4. ↑ Corletto F, Raisis AA, Brearley JC (January 2005). "Comparison of morphine and butorphanol as pre-anaesthetic agents in combination with romifidine for field castration in ponies". Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 32 (1): 16–22. doi:10.1111/j.1467-2995.2004.00184.x. PMID   15663735.
  5. ↑ Kerr CL, McDonell WN, Young SS (October 2004). "Cardiopulmonary effects of romifidine/ketamine or xylazine/ketamine when used for short duration anesthesia in the horse". Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research = Revue Canadienne de Recherche Veterinaire. 68 (4): 274–282. PMC   1111358 . PMID   15581222.
  6. 1 2 3 Lamont LA, Creighton CM. "Sedatives and Tranquilizers". In Lamont L, Grimm K, Robertson S, Love L, Schroeder C (eds.). Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia, The 6th Edition of Lumb and Jones. Wiley Blackwell. pp. 338–344. ISBN   978-1-119-83027-6.
  7. ↑ CS C, OS A, WN M, WD B (Feb 1999). "Histopathologic alterations induced in the lungs of sheep by use of alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonists". American Journal of Veterinary Research. 60 (2). Am J Vet Res: 154–161. ISSN   0002-9645. PMID   10048544.
  8. ↑ Celly C, McDONELL W, Young S, Black W (1997). "The comparative hypoxaemic effect of four α 2 adrenoceptor agonists (xylazine, romifidine, detomidine and medetomidine) in sheep". Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 20 (6): 464–471. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2885.1997.00097.x. ISSN   0140-7783. PMID   9430770.


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