Total Access Communication System (TACS) and ETACS are variants of Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) which were announced as the choice for the first two UK national cellular systems in February 1983, less than a year after the UK government announced the T&Cs for the two competing mobile phone networks in June 1982. [1] This 1G technology is now obsolete.
Vodafone (known then as Racal-Vodafone) opted for a £30 million turnkey contract [2] from Ericsson (ERA) to design, build and set up its initial network of 100 base station sites. [3]
Cellnet (then known Telecom Securicor Cellular Radio Ltd) used development labs in the facilities at General Electric (later made part of Motorola) based at Lynchburg, Virginia, United States. The reason Cellnet used the General Electric labs was because the AMPS system was already in development there, and the company had set up a production facility in readiness for AMPS production in 1985 which the Cellnet TACS was to share. In March 1984 development of prototypes began at General Electric. Production began in 1985 and General Electric produced 20,000 systems that year for Cellnet's distribution in the UK. Production of what was to become the Motorola model were then made at Stotfold, Bedfordshire, England. This production facility continued making TACS until the advent of GSM.
TACS cellular phones were used in Europe (including the UK, Italy, Austria and Ireland) and other countries. TACS was also used in Japan under the name Japanese Total Access Communication (JTAC). [4] [5] It was also used in Hong Kong. [6] ETACS was an extended version of TACS with more channels.
TACS and ETACS are now obsolete in Europe, having been replaced by the GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) system. In the United Kingdom, the last ETACS service operated by Vodafone was discontinued on 31 May 2001, after 16 years of service. The competing service in the UK operated by Cellnet (latterly BT Cellnet) was closed on Sunday 1 October 2000.
Eircell (now Vodafone Ireland) closed its TACS network on 26 January 2001. This followed a long period during which customers were encouraged to switch to GSM services. When the network was closed, there were very few, if any, active TACS customers left. Customers who switched network were able to keep their phone number, but the (088) prefix was changed to either 087 (Eircell, now Vodafone Ireland) GSM or 086 (Esat Digifone, which became O2 Ireland before merging with Three) GSM. At the time, full mobile number portability was not available to TACS customers and the (088) prefix was closed. An automatic voice message was left in place for 12 months advising callers of the customer's new prefix.
| Channel | Cell TX (MHz) | Mobile TX (MHz) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 935.0125 | 890.0125 | 25 kHz spaced channels |
| 23 | 935.5625 | 890.5625 | 1st of 21 dedicated vodafone control channels |
| 24 | 935.5650 | 890.5650 | 2nd of 21 dedicated vodafone control channels |
| 300 | 942.4875 | 898.0625 | 9.5 kHz peak speech fm deviation |
| 323 | 943.0625 | 898.0625 | 1st of 21 dedicated cellnet control channels |
| 600 | 949.9875 | 904.9875 | Last TACS channel, ETACS extended this to 1320 later |
TACS BAND Summary
| Base TX Start | End (MHz) | Mobile start | End (MHz) | Band |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 935 | 950 | 890 | 905 | TACS 600 Channels |
| 935 | 960 | 890 | 915 | TACS 1000 Channels |
| 917 | 950 | 872 | 905 | E-TACS 1320 Channels |
ESNs were issued in batches of 65535 by BABT for phone manufactures to program into each cellular phone to make each one unique to the TACS network with which it attempted to register.
The following countries had more than two batches of ESNs allocated to them: UK, Italy, Austria, China, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Singapore, Bahrain, UAE, Kuwait, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Australia.
| Feature | TACS | AMPS |
|---|---|---|
| Channel Spacing | 25 kHz | 30 kHz |
| Speech peak Freq Dev | 9.5 kHz | 12 kHz |
| Signalling FSK peak Freq Dev | 6.4 kHz | 8 kHz |
| Signalling rate | 8 kbit/s | 10 kbit/s |
| SAT 0 | 5970 Hz | 5970 Hz |
| SAT 1 | 6000 Hz | 6000 Hz |
| SAT 2 | 6030 Hz | 6030 Hz |
| ST | 8000 Hz | 10000 Hz |
| Mobile TX pwr MAC 0 | 10 W | 4 W |
| Mobile TX pwr MAC 1 | 1.6 W | 1.6 W |
| Mobile TX pwr MAC 2 | 630 mW | 630 mW |
| Mobile TX pwr MAC 3 | 250 mW | 250 mW |
| Mobile TX pwr MAC 4 | 100 mW | 100 mW |
| Mobile TX pwr MAC 5 | 40 mW | 40 mW |
| Mobile TX pwr MAC 6 | 16 mW | 16 mW |
| Mobile TX pwr MAC 7 | 6.3 mW | 6.3 mW |
| Country | Operator(s) | ƒ (MHz) | Launch date | End of service | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 United Kingdom | Vodafone | Jan 1985 Jan 1985 | May 2001 [7] Oct 2000 | [8] | |
 Ireland | Eircell | Dec 1985 | Jan 2001 | [8] | |
 Hong Kong | CSL Mobile | 1987 | May 1996 [9] | [10] [11] | |
 China | China Mobile | Nov 1987 [12] | Dec 2001 [13] [14] | [15] | |
 Macau | CTM | Nov 1988 [16] | Feb 2001 [17] | [18] | |
 Sri Lanka | Celltel | 1989 | 2006 [19] | [18] | |
 Japan | DDI | Jul 1989 [20] | Sep 2000 [21] | [18] | |
 Malaysia | Celcom | 1989 | Named ART-900. [22] [18] | ||
 Mauritania | 1989 | [18] | |||
 United Arab Emirates | 1989 | [18] | |||
 Ghana | [23] | ||||
 Bahrain | [23] | ||||
 Kuwait | [23] | ||||
 Italy | TIM | Apr 1990 | Dec 2005 [24] [25] | [8] | |
 Spain | MoviLine | Apr 1990 | Dec 2004 [26] | Named TMA-900. [8] | |
 Austria | Mobilkom | Jul 1990 | Feb 2002 [27] | [23] | |
 Malta | [23] | ||||
 Nigeria | 1991 | [23] | |||
 Singapore | 1991 | [23] | |||
 Kenya | 1992 | [23] | |||
 Mauritius | [23] |
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Cellular network standards | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0G radio telephones (1946) | |||||||||
| 1G (1979) |
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| 2G (1991) |
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| 2G transitional (2.5G, 2.75G, 2.9G) |
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| 3G (1998) IMT-2000 (2001) |
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| 3G transitional (3.5G, 3.75G, 3.9G) |
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| 4G (2009) IMT Advanced (2013) |
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| 5G (2018) IMT-2020 (2021) |
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