1838 in philosophy

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List of years in philosophy (table)

1838 in philosophy

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Events

Chartism British democratic movement (1838-1857)

Chartism was a working-class movement for political reform in Britain that existed from 1838 to 1857. It took its name from the People's Charter of 1838 and was a national protest movement, with particular strongholds of support in Northern England, the East Midlands, the Staffordshire Potteries, the Black Country, and the South Wales Valleys. Support for the movement was at its highest in 1839, 1842, and 1848, when petitions signed by millions of working people were presented to the House of Commons. The strategy employed was to use the scale of support which these petitions and the accompanying mass meetings demonstrated to put pressure on politicians to concede manhood suffrage. Chartism thus relied on constitutional methods to secure its aims, though there were some who became involved in insurrectionary activities, notably in south Wales and in Yorkshire.

Universal suffrage concept

The concept of universal suffrage, also known as general suffrage or common suffrage, consists of the right to vote of all adult citizens, regardless of property ownership, income, race, or ethnicity, subject only to minor exceptions. In its original 19th-century usage by political reformers, universal suffrage was understood to mean only universal manhood suffrage; the vote was extended to women later, during the women's suffrage movement.

Ralph Waldo Emerson American philosopher, essayist, and poet

Ralph Waldo Emerson was an American essayist, lecturer, philosopher, and poet who led the transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century. He was seen as a champion of individualism and a prescient critic of the countervailing pressures of society, and he disseminated his thoughts through dozens of published essays and more than 1,500 public lectures across the United States.

Publications

Jacques Boucher de Crèvecœur de Perthes French archaeologist

Jacques Boucher de Crèvecœur de Perthes, sometimes referred to as Boucher de Perthes, was a French archaeologist and antiquary notable for his discovery, in about 1830, of flint tools in the gravels of the Somme valley.

Siméon Denis Poisson French mathematician, mechanician and physicist

Baron Siméon Denis Poisson FRS FRSE was a French mathematician, engineer, and physicist, who made several scientific advances.

Births

Franz Brentano Austrian philosopher

Franz Clemens Honoratus Hermann Brentano was an influential German philosopher, psychologist, and priest whose work strongly influenced not only students Edmund Husserl, Sigmund Freud, Tomáš Masaryk, Rudolf Steiner, Alexius Meinong, Carl Stumpf, Anton Marty, Kazimierz Twardowski, and Christian von Ehrenfels, but many others whose work would follow and make use of his original ideas and concepts.

Henry Adams journalist, historian, academic, novelist

Henry Brooks Adams was an American historian and member of the Adams political family, being descended from two U.S. Presidents.

Ernst Mach Austrian physicist and university educator

Ernst Waldfried Josef Wenzel Mach was an Austrian physicist and philosopher, noted for his contributions to physics such as study of shock waves. The ratio of one's speed to that of sound is named the Mach number in his honor. As a philosopher of science, he was a major influence on logical positivism and American pragmatism. Through his criticism of Newton's theories of space and time, he foreshadowed Einstein's theory of relativity.

Deaths

Related Research Articles

Raymond Aron French philosopher, sociologist, journalist, and political scientist

Raymond Claude Ferdinand Aron was a French philosopher, sociologist, political scientist, and journalist.

Jean Baptiste Perrin French physicist

Jean Baptiste Perrin was a French physicist who, in his studies of the Brownian motion of minute particles suspended in liquids, verified Albert Einstein’s explanation of this phenomenon and thereby confirmed the atomic nature of matter. For this achievement he was honoured with the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1926.

Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire French philosopher, journalist, statesman, and possible illegitimate son of Napoleon I of France

Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire was a French philosopher, journalist, statesman, and possible illegitimate son of Napoleon I of France.

Michel Butor French writer

Michel Butor was a French writer.

Étienne Gilson was a French philosopher and historian of philosophy. A scholar of medieval philosophy, he originally specialised in the thought of Descartes, yet also philosophized in the tradition of Thomas Aquinas, although he did not consider himself a Neo-Thomist philosopher. In 1946 he attained the distinction of being elected an "Immortal" (member) of the Académie française. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Jean-Étienne Guettard French scientist

Jean-Étienne Guettard, French naturalist and mineralogist, was born at Étampes, near Paris.

David-Augustin de Brueys French theologian

David-Augustin de Brueys was a French theologian and playwright. He was born in Aix-en-Provence. His family was Calvinist, and he studied theology. After writing a critique of Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet's work, he was in turn converted to Catholicism by Bossuet in 1681, and later became a priest.

Claude Bourgelat French veterinary surgeon (1712-1779)

Claude Bourgelat was a French veterinary surgeon.

Ferdinand Alquié (French: [alkje]; was a French philosopher and member of the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques from 1978. In the years 1931 to 1945 he was a professor in various provincial and Parisian lycees, and later at the University of Montpellier and Sorbonne where he worked until he retired in 1979.

Georges Politzer was a French philosopher and Marxist theoretician of Hungarian Jewish origin, affectionately referred to by some as the "red-headed philosopher". He was a native of Oradea, a city in present-day Romania.

Clément Rosset was a French philosopher and writer. He was a professor of philosophy at the University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, and the author of books on 20th-century philosophy and postmodern philosophy.

Joseph Galien OP was a Dominican professor of philosophy and theology at the University of Avignon, meteorologist, physicist, and writer on aeronautics.

Martial Gueroult was a French philosopher of the early and mid- 20th Century. His primary areas of research were in 17th- and 18th-century philosophy as well as the history of philosophy.

Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University French public university created in 1991

Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University is a French public university created in 1991, located in the department of Yvelines and, since 2002, in Hauts-de-Seine. Consisting of eight separate campuses, it is mainly located in the cities of Versailles, Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Mantes-en-Yvelines and Vélizy-Villacoublay / Rambouillet. It is one of the five universities of the Academy of Versailles.

Louis de Courcillon, known as the abbé de Dangeau was a French churchman and grammarian, best known for being the first to describe the nasal vowels in the French language. He was a younger brother of Philippe de Courcillon de Dangeau.

Pierre Trémaux French architect

Pierre Trémaux was a French architect, Orientalist photographer, and author of numerous scientific and ethnographic publications.

The Transport Ministry is a government ministry of Algeria. Its head office is in El Biar, Algiers.

Étienne Klein French physicist

Étienne Klein is a French physicist and philosopher of science, born in 1958. A graduate of École Centrale Paris, he holds a DEA in theoretical physics, as well as a Ph.D. in philosophy of science and an accreditation to supervise research (HDR).

François Victor Mérat de Vaumartoise was a French physician, botanist and mycologist.

Hélène Metzger was a French philosopher of science and historian of science. In her writings she focused mainly on the history of chemistry. Due to her Jewish background, she became a victim of the Holocaust in the Second World War, dying in Auschwitz concentration camp.

References