A citation index is a kind of bibliographic index, an index of citations between publications, allowing the user to easily establish which later documents cite which earlier documents. A form of citation index is first found in 12th-century Hebrew religious literature. Legal citation indexes are found in the 18th century and were made popular by citators such as Shepard's Citations (1873). In 1961, Eugene Garfield's Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) introduced the first citation index for papers published in academic journals, first the Science Citation Index (SCI), and later the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index (AHCI). American Chemical Society converted its printed Chemical Abstract Service into internet-accessible SciFinder in 2008. The first automated citation indexing was done by CiteSeer in 1997 and was patented. Other sources for such data include Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic, Elsevier's Scopus, and the National Institutes of Health's iCite.
Scopus is Elsevier's abstract and citation database launched in 2004. Scopus covers nearly 36,377 titles from approximately 11,678 publishers, of which 34,346 are peer-reviewed journals in top-level subject fields: life sciences, social sciences, physical sciences and health sciences. It covers three types of sources: book series, journals, and trade journals. All journals covered in the Scopus database are reviewed for sufficiently high quality each year according to four types of numerical quality measure for each title; those are h-Index, CiteScore, SJR and SNIP. Searches in Scopus also incorporate searches of patent database Lexis-Nexis, albeit with a limited functionality.
Paul Jozef Crutzen was a Dutch meteorologist and atmospheric chemist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1995 for his work on atmospheric chemistry and specifically for his efforts in studying the formation and decomposition of atmospheric ozone. In addition to studying the ozone layer and climate change, he popularized the term Anthropocene to describe a proposed new epoch in the Quaternary period when human actions have a drastic effect on the Earth. He was also amongst the first few scientists to introduce the idea of a nuclear winter to describe the potential climatic effects stemming from large-scale atmospheric pollution including smoke from forest fires, industrial exhausts, and other sources like oil fires.
The Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering zoology published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Linnean Society. The editor-in-chief is Maarten Christenhusz. It was established in 1856 as the Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology and renamed Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology in 1866. It obtained its current title in 1969.
Google Scholar is a freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines. Released in beta in November 2004, the Google Scholar index includes peer-reviewed online academic journals and books, conference papers, theses and dissertations, preprints, abstracts, technical reports, and other scholarly literature, including court opinions and patents.
ChemComm, formerly known as Journal of the Chemical Society D: Chemical Communications (1969–1971), Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications (1972–1995), is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Royal Society of Chemistry. It covers all aspects of chemistry. In January 2012, the journal moved to publishing 100 issues per year. The current chair of the Editorial Board is Douglas Stephan, while the executive editor is Richard Kelly.
American Psychologist is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the American Psychological Association. The journal publishes articles of broad interest to psychologists, including empirical reports and scholarly reviews covering science, practice, education, and policy, and occasionally publishes special issues on relevant topics in the field of psychology. The editor-in-chief is Harris Cooper.
Energy & Environment is an academic journal "covering the direct and indirect environmental impacts of energy acquisition, transport, production and use". Under its editor-in-chief from 1998 to 2017, Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen, it was known for easygoing peer-review and publishing climate change denial papers. Yiu Fai Tsang became its editor-in-chief in May 2017.
Clinical Microbiology Reviews is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering the areas of clinical microbiology, immunology, medical microbiology, infectious diseases, veterinary microbiology, and microbial pathogenesis. It is a delayed open access journal, full content is accessible via PubMed Central and the journal's website after a 12-month embargo. In April 2015, the journal transitioned to a continuous online publication model. The journal became online-only in January 2018. The final print issue was published in October 2017. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 50.129. The journal was established in January 1988. The founding editor was Josephine A. Morello. Editorial board structure changed in 1992 and Morello became editor-in-chief. Betty Ann Forbes was appointed editor-in-chief in 1997. Irving Nachamkin was appointed editor-in-chief in 2002 until 2012. Since 2012, Jo-Anne H. Young has served as editor-in-chief. It is the ninth journal established and published by the American Society for Microbiology.
Addiction is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1903 by the Society for the Study of Addiction to Alcohol and other Drugs as the British Journal of Inebriety. It was renamed British Journal of Addiction to Alcohol & Other Drugs in 1947, then renamed to British Journal of Addiction in 1980, before finally obtaining its current name in 1993. It covers research relating to the abuse of alcohol, illicit drugs, and tobacco, as well as behavioural addictions. The editor-in-chief is John Marsden.
Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Geophysical Union. It publishes original research articles dealing with all aspects of understanding and reconstructing Earth's past climate and environments from the Precambrian to modern analogs. Until the first of January 2018 the name of the journal was Paleoceanography.
The Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal. It was established in 1882 as the Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry by The Society of Chemical Industry (SCI). In 1950 it changed its title to Journal of Applied Chemistry and volume numbering restarted at 1. In 1971 the journal changed its title to Journal of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology and in 1983 it obtained the current title. It covers chemical and biological technology relevant for economically and environmentally sustainable industrial processes. The journal is published by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of the Society of Chemical Industry.
California Management Review is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal on management that is affiliated with the Walter A. Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley. It was established in 1958 and covers the field of business, emphasizing strategy and organization, global competition and competitiveness, and business and public policy. The journal also publishes occasional special issues, covering a particular topic. Since October 2016, the journal is published by SAGE Publications. The editor-in-chief is David Vogel.
The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering orthopsychiatry. It is published by the American Psychological Association on behalf of the Global Alliance for Behavioral Health and Social Justice and the editors-in-chief are Jill D. McLeigh and William Spaulding.
The Journal of Global History is a triannual peer-reviewed academic history journal covering the study of comparative, world, and global history. It was established in 2006 and is published by Cambridge University Press. The editor-in-chief is Ewout Frankema.
The Journal of Global Information Management is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering information management. It was established in 1993 and is published by IGI Global. The editor-in-chief is Justin Zhang.
Perspectives on Terrorism (PT) is a quarterly peer-reviewed, open-access online academic journal, covering political violence, terrorism and counter-terrorism, It is published jointly by the International Centre for Counter-Terrorism, in collaboration with Leiden University and the Handa Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence at the University of St Andrews.
Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica (AMIH) is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering medical microbiology and immunology. It was established in 1954 as Acta Microbiologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, changing its name to Acta Microbiologica Hungarica in 1983, and obtaining its current title in 1994. The journal is published by Akadémiai Kiadó on behalf of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. The editor-in-chief is Dóra Szabó.
Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal covering Comparative Studies on Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia. It provides a "critical and comparative analyses of the histories, cultural productions, social and gender relations, politics, and economies" of these regions. It is published by the Duke University Press, and since 2012, edited at Columbia University.
The Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management is a quarterly peer-reviewed open access academic journal covering environmental management. It was established in 2015. The founding and current editor-in-chief is Jafar Nouri.
