St. Mary's Church, Rostock

Last updated
Western front of St. Mary 20140327 Rostock Marienkirche DSC09871 PtrQs.jpg
Western front of St. Mary
St. Mary's Church with transept (left) and choir Rostock St. Marien Kirche 1.jpg
St. Mary's Church with transept (left) and choir
Dorte Helm "St. Mary's Church" (1916) Dorte Helm - Blick auf die Rostocker Marienkirche (1916).jpg
Dörte Helm "St. Mary´s Church" (1916)

St. Mary's Church, Rostock, in German Marienkirche, is the biggest of three town churches found in the Hanseatic city of Rostock, in northern Germany. The other two are St. Peter's (Petrikirche) and St. Nicholas (Nikolaikirche). A fourth, St. James' (Jakobikirche), was heavily damaged during the Second World War and subsequently demolished. St. Mary's was designated in 1265 as the main parish church. Since the Protestant Reformation in 1531, it houses a congregation of the Evangelical Lutheran State Church of Mecklenburg.

Contents

Building

St. Mary's Church, on Ziegenmarkt, is a large Brick Gothic church. Built in the 13th century, it was enlarged and modified at the end of the 14th century into the present basilica. The first reference to a church on this site is in 1232, which is thought to be the predecessor of the current building. The triple-nave cross-shaped basilica is in Brick Gothic, a building style typical of the Hanseatic port cities of northern Germany. The huge tower with a baroque lantern at the top was not completed until the end of the 18th century.

Interior

The gilded high altar depicts important biblical themes. HPIM0012.JPG
The gilded high altar depicts important biblical themes.
The medieval astronomical clock at St. Mary's. Astronomische Uhr St. Marien-Kirche Rostock.jpg
The medieval astronomical clock at St. Mary's.
High Altar

The high altar was built in 1721 by a Berlin craftsman, mainly from painted wood. The altar shows in three pictures; Bottom: " The Last Supper "; Middle: " The Resurrection "; Top: " The Effusion of the Holy Spirit " .

Pulpit

The Pulpit in the style of Renaissance made by Rudolf Stockmann in 1574. It was the first item of decoration to be installed in St. Mary's Church after the Reformation. Decorated with scenes from the passion of Jesus and a baroque abat-voix from 1723, the pulpit now creates the effect of a unit. To compensate for the poor acoustics in St. Mary's, the pulpit was built in the middle of the church to ensure closeness to the congregation.

Stained Windows

The monumental south portal window of the transept with a height of 26 meters shows The Day of Judgement. It is one of the largest single stained glass windows in Europe and was made by "Tyrolean stained glass Innsbruck" from 1894 till 1904. It survived the Second World War in various states of disrepair. It was thoroughly restored between 2003 and 2008 by a Mecklenburgean master from Dresden, and equipped with a protective glazing.

Astronomical Clock

See Rostock Astronomical Clock

Baptismal Font

The Bronze font from 1290 is one of the oldest pieces in St. Mary's. The font is decorated with scenes from the life and passion of Jesus. The font is carried by four kneeling men ( representing Earth, Water, Air and Fire ) and the lid is crowned by a bronze eagle. According to the inscription, the basin was founded for Easter 1290 and the work was carried out in a Rostock workshop. During World War II, the Bronze font was hidden somewhere in Mecklenburg by the church staff to prevent it from being melted down for war material.

St. Roch Altar

The late gothic St. Roch altar is a side altar, of which there were once 39 in this church. Manufactured from oak wood in 1530, the master carver was likely part of the circle around carver Benedict Dreyer of Lübeck. In the centre of the shrine is the patron Saint Roch. An angel points to the plague spot, the attribute of the deadly disease. Roch is a saint of the Black Death. Scholars believe that the altar was built and set up in connection with Black Death epidemics in Europe, which also ravaged Rostock.

Organ

The organ from 1770 20140327 Rostock Marienkirche DSC09877 PtrQs.jpg
The organ from 1770

The huge baroque facade of the "Marienorgel" was designed and built in 1770 by Paul Schmidt, organ builder of Rostock. Because of faults in the wind supply, it did not fulfill the expectations and it was completely rebuilt in 1793 by Ernst Marx of Berlin. Further modifications were undertaken at the end of the 19th century. In 1938, the organ was rebuilt again by the Sauer firm of Frankfurt/Oder. Today, it contains 83 stops with 5.700pipes, playable by electro-pneumatic action on four manuals and pedal. About 30 stops have been retained from the previous instruments.

World War II

Egon Tschirch ''Die zerstorte Stadt'' (''The destroyed town'', 1942) Egon Tschirch - Die zerstorte Stadt - 1942.jpg
Egon Tschirch ″Die zerstörte Stadt″ (″The destroyed town″, 1942)

During the heavy air raids by the Royal Air Force in 1942, which lasted three days, much of Rostock was destroyed. The sexton of St. Mary's, Mr. Bombowski, saved the church by decisive action. Although three incendiary bombs smashed through the roof of the tower, he extinguished the fire with the help from his daughter and a German auxiliary airforce commando. Former "NSDAP Kreisleiter" (the local Nazi party leader) and then Lord Mayor of Rostock, Walter Volgmann, said, "The old hut should have burned down".[ citation needed ] Inside the church is a famous picture by the painter Egon Tschirch from 1942, which depicts St. Mary's Church surrounded by ruins.

Rostock skyline with St. Mary's

Panorama1.jpg
Panorama of Rostock from the bank of the Warnow river during the Hanse Sail with St. Mary's Church in the middle and St. Nicholas Church on the left

Notable people

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St. Mary's Church, Gdańsk</span> Church in Gdańsk, Poland

St. Mary's Church, or formally the Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, is a Brick Gothic Catholic church located in central Gdańsk, Poland. With its volume between 185,000 m3 and 190,000 m3 it is currently one of the two or three largest brick churches in the world. Only San Petronio Basilica in Bologna, comprising 258,000 m3 is larger, Munich Frauenkirche and Ulm Minster also comprise 185,000 to 190,000 m3.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St. Mary's Church, Lübeck</span> Church in Lübeck, Germany

The Lübeck Marienkirche is a medieval basilica in the city centre of Lübeck, Germany. Built between 1265 and 1352, the church is located on the highest point of Lübeck's old town island within the Hanseatic merchants' quarter, which extends uphill from the warehouses on the River Trave to the church. As the main parish church of the citizens and the city council of Lübeck, it was built close to the town hall and the market.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St. Peter's Church, Rostock</span>

St. Peter's Church, in German Petrikirche, was built in the 13th century and is the oldest of three town churches found in the Hanseatic city of Rostock, in northern Germany. The other two are St. Mary's Church (Marienkirche) and St. Nicholas (Nikolaikirche). A fourth, St. Jakobi, was heavily damaged during the Second World War and subsequently demolished.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Erfurt Cathedral</span> Church in Thuringia, Germany

Erfurt Cathedral, also known as St Mary's Cathedral, is the largest and oldest church building in the Thuringian city of Erfurt, central Germany. It is the episcopal seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Erfurt. The cathedral was mainly built in the International Gothic style and is located on a hillside overlooking the main town square, directly next to St Severus' Church. As a unique architectural ensemble, both churches together form the city's landmark. Former German names include Marienkirche and Propsteikirche Beatae Mariae Virginis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parish church of Urtijëi</span> Church in Urtijëi, Val Gardena, South Tyrol, Italy

The Parish Church of Urtijëi located in the town of Urtijëi in Val Gardena in South Tyrol, Italy is dedicated to the Epiphany and to Saint Ulrich.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heinrich Müller (theologian)</span> German devotional author, writer of hymns, Lutheran minister and theologian

Heinrich Müller was a German devotional author, Protestant writer of hymns, a Lutheran minister and theologian and a professor at the University of Rostock from 1647 to 1650. He famously denounced the font, the pulpit, the confessional, and the altar as "the four dumb idols of the Lutheran Church". He died in Rostock, aged 43.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Co-Cathedral of Saint Nicholas, Prešov</span> Church in Prešov, Slovakia

The Co-Cathedral of Saint Nicholas in Prešov is one of the oldest and most important churches in Slovakia. The external dimensions of the cathedral are 54.7m in length, 34.45m in width. The indoor nave is 16 m tall and tower reaches a height of 71 meters. The temple's design takes inspiration from the Late Gothic hall churches with three naves.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St. Mary's Church, Marienberg</span>

St. Mary's Church in Marienberg in the German state of Saxony is an Evangelical-Lutheran church in the southeast of the county of Erzgebirgskreis. It is the most recent of the three Ore Mountain Late Gothic hall churches.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vester Egesborg Church</span> Church in Næstved, Denmark

Vester Egesborg Church is located in Næstved Municipality of Region Zealand, Denmark. It was built in 1250–1300, with the addition of the tower and vestry around 1500. The choir was rebuilt at the end of the 18th century. The pulpit and altarpiece were carved around the middle of the 17th century by Abel Schrøder in the auricular style. The wrought iron baptismal font from the 1670s bears the arms of Niels Trolle and Helle Rosenkrantz. A farmer, John Jensen, believed that a church should also have a ship, so with his wife, he bequeathed money for that purpose; Neptunus hangs from the ceiling of the church.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St Nicholas Church, Wismar</span>

St Nicholas of Wismar was built from 1381 until 1487 as a church for sailors and fishermen. St Nicholas is one of the finest testaments to mediaeval brick architecture in northern Germany.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St. Mary's Church, Osnabrück</span>

St. Marien is a Lutheran parish and market church in Osnabrück, Germany. It is one of the most artistically and historically significant buildings in the North German city. A previous Romanesque church was mentioned in records as early as 1177. However, the history of the church's construction began some time before it was first mentioned in writing. Archaeological traces suggest the existence of a predecessor building in the 10th century. Construction of the Gothic hall church which exists today started in the 13th century and was completed between 1430 and 1440.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marienkirche, Dortmund</span> Church in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Marienkirche is a church in Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia state, Germany, located in the inner city. Since the Reformation, it has been a Lutheran parish church of St. Marien. The church was destroyed in World War II, but rebuilt. It also serves as a concert venue for sacred music.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sankt-Gertraud-Kirche, Frankfurt (Oder)</span>

The Sankt-Gertraud-Kirche is a Protestant church in Frankfurt (Oder) in Germany. It is dedicated to Gertrude of Nivelles.

Nikolaus Hasse, sometimes spelled Nicolaus Hasse, was a German composer and organist of the Baroque period. Part of the Hasse family of musicians, he was the son of Peter Hasse. A longtime organist at St. Mary's Church, Rostock, he is best remembered today for his compositions of chamber music and sacred songs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St. Kolumba, Cologne</span>

St. Kolumba was one of the largest parish churches in medieval Cologne, dating back to 980, and dedicated to Columba of Sens. The original Romanesque church was replaced by a Gothic church. Artworks in it included the Saint Columba Altarpiece by Rogier van der Weyden, and an altar by an anonymous artist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marienkirche, Prenzlau</span> German church

The Marienkirche in Prenzlau, Brandenburg, Germany, is the main Protestant parish church in the town, and is one of the most ornate churches of the Brick Gothic style in northern Germany. The church is a listed building.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Astronomical clock, St. Nicholas Church, Stralsund</span>

The astronomical clock of St. Nicholas Church, Stralsund is a 14th century monumental astrolabe clock. It was probably damaged in the 16th century, and has not worked since then. It is the only clock of its kind to have been preserved almost entirely in its original condition. The clockwork and the indications have not been restored.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St Walpurgis' Church, Großengottern</span> Church in Thuringia, Germany

St Walpurgis' Church in the upper part of the village of Großengottern in Thuringia, Germany, is a Late Gothic church building dating from the 15th century. Today, it is a Lutheran parish church. St Walpurgis' Church is known for its large Baroque organ by the significant organ builder Tobias H. G. Trost.

The largest city in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Rostock is an important cultural center in Northern Germany. Records of the history of music in Rostock stretch back to the 13th century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St Peter's Church, Lübeck</span> Church in Lübeck, Germany

St. Peter's Church is a place of worship in Lübeck, Germany, that was first mentioned in 1170. Over the centuries, it was rebuilt several times until construction of the church was completed in the 15th century. During the Second World War, St. Petri suffered severe damage and the restoration was not completed until 1987. Since the furnishings could not be restored, only special services take place in the church. As a city church without a congregation, it is mainly used for cultural and religious events as well as art exhibitions.

References

  1. Martin Ruhnke, revised by Dorothea Schröder (2001). "Friderici, Daniel". Grove Music Online . Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.10251.
  2. David J. Nichols (2001). "Hasse, Nikolaus". Grove Music Online . Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/omo/9781561592630.013.90000380290.

Sources

54°05′24″N12°08′20″E / 54.090°N 12.139°E / 54.090; 12.139