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Brunei | China |
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Embassy | Embassy |
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Ambassador Abdu'r Rahmani | Ambassador Xiao Jianguo |
Brunei and China established formal diplomatic relations in 1991. Brunei has an embassy in Beijing, and China has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan. [1]
Direct contact between China and Brunei began as early as the 10th century. This claim is evidenced by the archaeological findings of Chinese artifacts at Kampong Limau Manis, Brunei Darussalam. With more than 50,000 ceramic shards, dating between the 10th and 14th centuries, having been collected from the Limau Manis site, [2] this discovery proves the indisputable fact that Chinese-Bruneian relations have existed for a long time.[ original research? ]
In modern times relations are not as close since Brunei was a British protectorate, beginning in the 19th century until it gained official independence on 1 January 1984. [3] During this time, there were also various concerns in Brunei particularly toward communism and its sensitivities to the ethnic Chinese population. [3] On 30 September 1991, Brunei became the last member of ASEAN to establish official diplomatic relations with China. [1]
In June 2013, the Chinese naval hospital ship Peace Ark visited Brunei. [4] : 162
In 2019, Chinese leader and CCP general secretary Xi Jinping visited Brunei. An opinion letter published by the national newspaper, Borneo Bulletin, hailed it as an "exceptional moment" in Brunei–China relations. [5] Finally, China's relations with Brunei would serve to help the country economically.[ original research? ] The establishment of Hengyi Petrochemical Complex, the setting up of StarCity Brunei, and other investments into the economy would help to diversify the rentier state further.[ citation needed ] However, China's growing influence is seen with suspicion by other external powers, such as the United States, [6] but Brunei is confident that it sees China as a strong and dependable economic ally and vice versa.[ citation needed ]
In 2011, trade between the two countries has increased to U$1.3 billion. [3] The two countries promote practical co-operation in some areas such as infrastructure construction, agriculture and fishery. [7] Some Chinese companies also have agreed to finance two projects in aquaculture and paddy production in Brunei which worth about U$10 million. [8]
The Brunei-Guangxi Economic Corridor was established in 2014, into which approximately US$500 million has been promised. [9] China is the largest foreign investor in Brunei, with investments estimated at US$4.1 billion. [9]
The Chinese Ambassador to Brunei, Yang Hian, described Brunei as an important part of the Belt and Road Initiative. [9] China and Brunei operate Brunei's largest port, Muara Container Terminal, as a joint venture between China's Guangxi Beibu Gulf Port Group and Darussalam Assets Sdn Bhd. [9]
According to Chatham House fellow Bill Hayton, China is pressuring Brunei to allow it more access to Brunei's exclusive economic zone. [9]
Brunei, officially State ofBrunei, and formally Brunei Darussalam, is a country in Southeast Asia, situated on the northern coast of the island of Borneo. Apart from its coastline on the South China Sea, it is completely surrounded by the Malaysian state of Sarawak, with its territory bifurcated by the Sarawak district of Limbang. Brunei is the only sovereign state entirely on Borneo; the remainder of the island is divided between its multi-landmass neighbours of Malaysia and Indonesia. As of 2023, the country had a population of 455,858, of whom approximately 150,000 resided in the capital and largest city of Bandar Seri Begawan. Its official language is Malay and Islam is the state religion of the country, although other religions are nominally tolerated. The government of Brunei is an absolute monarchy ruled by the Sultan of Brunei, and it implements a fusion of English common law and jurisprudence inspired by Islam, including sharia.
Brunei maintains diplomatic relations with 170 out of 193 countries, joined ASEAN on 7 January 1984, one week after resuming full independence, and gives its ASEAN membership the highest priority in its foreign relations. Brunei joined the United Nations in September 1984. It is also a member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum and the Commonwealth of Nations. Brunei hosted the APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting in November 2000. In 2005 it attended the inaugural East Asia Summit.
The history of Brunei concerns the settlements and societies located on the north coast of the island of Borneo, which has been under the influence of Indianised kingdoms and empires for much of its history. Local scholars assume that the Islamisation of Brunei started in the fifteenth century with the formation of the Bruneian Empire, a thalassocracy that covered the northern part of Borneo and the southern Philippines. At the end of the 17th century, Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by Brunei Civil War, piracy, and European colonial expansion. Later, there was a brief war with Spain, in which Brunei lost Manila and evacuated its capital for a brief period until the Spanish withdrew. The empire lost much of its territory with the arrival of the Western powers, such as the Spanish in the Philippines and the British in Labuan, Sarawak, and North Borneo. The decline of the Bruneian Empire accelerated in the nineteenth century when Brunei gave much of its territory to the White Rajahs of Sarawak, resulting in its current small landmass and separation into two parts. Sultan Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin later appealed to the British to stop further annexation in 1888. In the same year, the British signed a "Treaty of Protection" and made Brunei a British protectorate until 1984 when it gained independence and prospered due to the discovery of oil.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and a topical guide to Brunei:
Brunei and Malaysia established diplomatic relations in 1984. Brunei has a high commission in Putrajaya, as well as consulate-generals in Kota Kinabalu and Kuching. Malaysia maintains a high commission in Bandar Seri Begawan. Both countries are full members of ASEAN and the Commonwealth of Nations. The two countries share a land border on the island of Borneo. Both countries are majority ethnic Malays and maintain excellent and close economic, cultural, political and defence ties.
Relations between the People's Republic of China and the Oriental Republic of Uruguay were first established in 1988. Relations were defined as “friendly and cooperative” by the Chinese government. The bilateral relation was promoted to a strategic partnership in 2016.
Brunei and the Philippines have formal diplomatic relations. Brunei has an embassy in Makati, Metro Manila while the Philippines has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan.
The Embassy of the Philippines in Bandar Seri Begawan is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of the Philippines to the Sultanate of Brunei. Opened in 1984 after Brunei gained independence from the United Kingdom, it is currently located in the Diplomatic Enclave of Bandar Seri Begawan, behind the offices of the country's Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports.
Brunei and Cambodia established diplomatic relations in 1992. Brunei has an embassy in Phnom Penh, and Cambodia has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan. Both countries co-operate in trade, education and defence. Both countries are members of ASEAN.
Brunei and Singapore established diplomatic relations in 1984. Brunei has a high commission in Singapore, and Singapore has a high commission in Bandar Seri Begawan. Brunei and Singapore have close and friendly relations with extensive defence co-operation. Both countries are members of ASEAN and Commonwealth of Nations.
Brunei and Vietnam established diplomatic relations in 1992. Brunei has an embassy in Hanoi, and Vietnam has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan. Relations between the two countries have always been friendly especially in political field.
Brunei and France have had diplomatic relations since 1984. Brunei has an embassy in Paris, and France has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan.
Brunei and Germany established diplomatic relations in 1984. Brunei has an embassy in Berlin, and Germany has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan.
Brunei and South Korea established diplomatic relations in 1984. Brunei has an embassy in Seoul, and South Korea has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan.
Brunei–Japan relations refers to bilateral foreign relations between Brunei and Japan. Brunei has an embassy in Tokyo, and Japan has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan.
Dato Seri Setia Haji Suyoi bin Haji Osman, sometimes referred to as Pehin Dato Suyoi, is a Bruneian nobleman, politician and diplomat who was the Minister of Health (MoH) from 2005 to 2010, the Minister of Development (MoD) from 2010 to 2015, the Minister of Education (MoE) from 2015 to 2018, and currently a member of the Brunei Legislative Council (LegCo).
Megawati binti Dato Paduka Haji Manan is a Bruneian diplomat and holding the post of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Brunei to the Philippines since 2023. Additionally, she is the alternate chair for Brunei in the Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC).
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