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In biochemistry, a lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking of various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis and oxidation, often forming a new double bond or a new ring structure. The reverse reaction is also possible. For example, an enzyme that catalyzed this reaction would be a lyase:
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 17α-hydroxylase deficiency is an uncommon form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia resulting from a defect in the gene CYP17A1, which encodes for the enzyme 17α-hydroxylase. It produces decreased synthesis of both cortisol and sex steroids, with resulting increase in mineralocorticoid production. Thus, common symptoms include mild hypocortisolism, ambiguous genitalia in genetic males or failure of the ovaries to function at puberty in genetic females, and hypokalemic hypertension (respectively). However, partial (incomplete) deficiency is notable for having inconsistent symptoms between patients, and affected genetic (XX) females may be wholly asymptomatic except for infertility.
Carboxy-lyases, also known as decarboxylases, are carbon–carbon lyases that add or remove a carboxyl group from organic compounds.
These enzymes catalyze the decarboxylation of amino acids, beta-keto acids and alpha-keto acids.
ATP citrate lyase is an enzyme that in animals represents an important step in fatty acid biosynthesis. ATP citrate lyase is important in that, by converting citrate to acetyl CoA, it links the metabolism of carbohydrates, which yields citrate as an intermediate, and the production of fatty acids, which requires acetyl CoA.
In plants, ATP citrate lyase generates cytosolic acetyl-CoA precursor of thousands of specialized metabolites including waxes, sterols, and polyketides.
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase is an enzyme that in human is encoded by the HMGCL gene located on chromosome 1. It is a key enzyme in ketogenesis. It is a ketongenic enzyme in the liver that catalyzes the formation of acetoacetate from HMG-CoA within the mitochondria. It also plays a prominent role in the catabolism of the amino acid leucine.
Cystathionine gamma-lyase is an enzyme which breaks down cystathionine into cysteine, α-ketobutyrate, and ammonia. Pyridoxal phosphate is a prosthetic group of this enzyme.
In enzymology, an alpha-pinene-oxide decyclase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Cystathionine beta-lyase, also commonly referred to as CBL or β-cystathionase, is an enzyme that primarily catalyzes the following α,β-elimination reaction
In enzymology, a citryl-CoA lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a fucosterol-epoxide lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Isocitrate lyase, or ICL, is an enzyme in the glyoxylate cycle that catalyzes the cleavage of isocitrate to succinate and glyoxylate. Together with malate synthase, it bypasses the two decarboxylation steps of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and is used by bacteria, fungi, and plants.
In enzymology, a methylisocitrate lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a threonine aldolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a carboxymethyloxysuccinate lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a hyaluronate lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a (R)-2-methylmalate dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.35) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a threonine synthase (EC 4.2.3.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
(S)-hydroxynitrile lyase is an enzyme with systematic name (S)-cyanohydrin lyase . This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Hydroperoxide lyases are enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of C-C bonds in the hydroperoxides of fatty acids. They belong to the cytochrome P450 enzyme family.
